Advanced Optical Materials最新文献

The identification of lattice sites emission centers in hexagonal CsCdCl₃ perovskite is still challenging. Herein, Zn²⁺ dopant having the d¹⁰ outer electron configuration, effectively eliminated interference from typical dopants’ electron transitions. The Zn²⁺-doped hexagonal CsCdCl₃ is synthesized via precipitation method, while the cubic phase is prepared through grinding method in contrast. The hexagonal phase exhibits a coordination polyhedron-selective dual emission: yellow-green self-trapped excitons (STEs) emission from [ZnCl₆]⁴⁻ octahedra soft-lattice and orange STEs emission from corners-sharing [CdZnCl₉]⁵⁻ dimer. The similar yellow-green STEs emission in cubic phase further confirms the dominant role of [ZnCl₆]⁴⁻ octahedra to promote strong electron-phonon coupling. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of Zn²⁺-doped hexagonal and cubic CsCdCl₃ reached 83.4% and 67.3%, respectively. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the corners-sharing [CdZnCl₉]⁵⁻ dimer mediated exciton transport channel between CBM and CBM+1 band of anti-thermal quenching (ATQ) process and the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions occurred from Cl⁻(p)→Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺(s). Moreover, Zn²⁺-doped hexagonal CsCdCl₃ demonstrates encouraging X-ray scintillation performance, achieving a high light yield of 83 700 photons MeV⁻¹ and an ultra-low detection limit of 52.3 nGy_air s⁻¹. This work not only demonstrates a potential X-ray scintillator but also offers a broadened perspective into the excitons’ recombination mechanism in doped perovskite.

The fabrication of chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties tailored for enantioselective sensing remains challenging. This study employs a post-synthetic modification strategy to synthesize ionic CCOFs with pronounced ECL behavior. First, an achiral covalent organic framework is constructed via imine condensation. Subsequently, the imidazolyl group in the COF is covalently functionalized with optically pure, chlorine-substituted chiral reagents, forming an imidazolium moiety. Within this engineered architecture, the imidazolium and pyrenyl units serve as the electron acceptor and donor components, respectively. The obtained ionic CCOFs exhibit strong ECL activity. When applied as chiral sensors, the achieved ECL-active CCOFs demonstrate a consistent recognition pattern: (S)-CCOFs exhibit deeper ECL quenching toward (S)-analytes. The ECL intensity ratios between the (R)- and (S)-analytes range from 1.6–13.1. Moreover, a robust correlation is observed between analyte concentration (or enantiomeric composition) and ECL intensity.

Metal halide perovskites continue to lead in optoelectronic applications, but the toxicity of lead has driven efforts to identify environmentally benign alternatives. Cesium tin iodide (CsSnI₃) is one such, with a direct bandgap and near-infrared emission, though its performance is limited by instability. We show that phthalimide (PTM) passivation during single crystal growth enhances optical output and stability. Under continuous excitation, PTM-passivated microscale crystals show up to one order of magnitude increase in photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, accompanied by reversible sharpening of a low-frequency Raman mode associated with Cs⁺ rattling. This reveals dynamic, light-induced lattice reordering that passivates trap states and enhances radiative recombination. Mechanical grinding yields nanocrystals with redshifted, narrowed PL, consistent with a relaxed polymorph and reduced inhomogeneous broadening. Despite increased surface area, PTM remains effective in preserving near-infrared emission in nanocrystals. Power-dependent PL reveals distinct carrier dynamics: microcrystals show redshift due to bandgap renormalization, while nanocrystals show blueshift and elevated carrier temperatures (300–1900 K), consistent with hot-carrier recombination. Extended illumination reveals reversible optical changes, including PL modulation, reflecting dynamic light–matter interactions and evolving defect landscapes. These results identify PTM-passivated CsSnI₃ as an ideal platform for probing morphology-dependent carrier relaxation and light-induced vibrational coherence in lead-free perovskites.

H. Hu, Z. Hu, C. Galland, et al.: Plasmonic Nanoparticle- on-Nanoslit Antenna as Independently Tunable Dual-Resonant Systems for Efficient Frequency Upconversion. Adv. Optical Mater. 13, e01674 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202501674

The affiliation currently appearing as “State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China” was incorrect. It should be corrected to “State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China”.

We apologize for this error.

Optical integrators are receiving much attention for the monitoring and tracking of exposure conditions of materials to enhance their quality and safety, and to reduce waste. Currently, there is no fluorescent material that can simultaneously track mechanical and thermal histories, which is key to predicting failure modes of materials, and offer programmable response selectivity and sensitivity that provides on-demand tailorability to various applications. Here, a fluorescent sensor that can simultaneously detect strain and thermal history whilst exhibiting memorability is reported. This optical integrator consists of binary droplets containing fluorescent donors and acceptors, respectively. The fluorescent coating showcases an optical-time response via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in which the exchange of fluorophores among binary droplets over time leads to a decrease in the average intermolecular distance between a donor–acceptor pair. The irreversible thermochromic response can be programmed by both the construction of the coating and the concentration of the dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) droplets. The fluorescent coating can further be utilized as a strain sensor. The programmable mechanochromic response depends on the duration and degree of strain. The integrator provides an interface that enables visual detection of both the strain and temperature history of materials.

Visible-light-excited room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials possess significant potential for various practical applications, especially for biological and life related fields. However, developing highly simplified and easily accessible RTP materials that can be activated by visible light remains a significant challenge. Herein, a facile one-step oxidative strategy is reported to directly convert unsubstituted phenothiazine molecule into a self-assembled supramolecular architecture, which exhibits highly efficient RTP with an impressively long lifetime of 305 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 2.0%. The resulting supramolecular framework based on single-component molecular crystal can be formed via abundant hydrogen bonds and π···π interactions. These intermolecular forces construct a rigid 3D network that effectively confine molecular motion, which not only promotes intermolecular electronic coupling and increases the concentration of triplet excitons but also suppresses nonradiative decay pathways of triplet excitons. These factors collectively induce the redshifted absorption and enable visible-light-excited RTP in the extremely simple supermolecules. Given these features, it is successfully applied in multi-level data encryption and decryption. This work provides a promising strategy for the development of single-component RTP materials under visible excitation.

Developing high-performance scintillators with high stability, solution processability, high light yield, low detection limit, and high resolution is critical for flexible X-ray imaging. Nevertheless, achieving an optimal trade-off among exciton utilization efficiency, X-ray absorption capacity, and decay lifetime in scintillators remains a significant challenge. Here, the strategy of integrating intense sky-blue aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from novel Cu(I) halide complexes with high quantum efficiency is reported. These materials show excellent radiation resistance and efficient light emission (radioluminescence), reaching an ultralow detection limit of 81.07 nGy_airs^‒1. Their superior performance stems from a combination of strong X-ray absorption by heavy atom, high exciton utilization through TADF, and suppressed non-radiative decay from restricted molecular motion. This work demonstrates the potential of hybrid Cu(I) halides with combined AIE and TADF for advanced radiation detection, providing a foundation for cost-effective and high-performance scintillators.

The discovery and rational design of high-performance scintillator materials are crucial for advancing X-ray imaging and detection technologies, and yet remain a significant challenge. Herein, a highly efficient 0D hybrid Mn²⁺-based scintillator (C₃₃H₂₉NP)₂MnBr₄·EtOH (CZTPPM) is presented by introducing a rigid and bulky organic salt (3-(carbazol-9-yl)propyl) triphenylphosphonium C₃₃H₂₉NP⁺Br⁻ (CZTPPBr). X-ray single-crystal structural analysis shows a minimal Mn–Mn distance of exceeding 11 Å, among segregated MnBr₄²⁻ luminescent centers. Consequently, under UV excitation, CZTPPM exhibits an intense green emission with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 99.2% and reduced thermal quenching characteristic (I_{320 K} = 86.9% I_{80 K}). Moreover, the CZTPPM crystals demonstrate outstanding X-ray scintillation properties, producing a high light yield of 56 363 photons MeV⁻¹, a low detection limit of 55.73 nGy_air s⁻¹, and a narrow spatial resolution of 15.5 lp mm⁻¹ with a great potential for high-quality X-ray imaging. Taking into consideration PLQY and X-ray absorption coefficients simultaneously, the concept of areal density (σ) is further introduced to evaluate the scintillation efficiencies in 0D hybrid manganese bromides, which may be useful as an intuitive structural criterion for prediction.

A durable, high-performance structural coloration approach is presented using TiON-based Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavities. Conventional metal-insulator-metal structures suffer from oxidation and mechanical degradation, limiting their industrial viability. Here, the top metal layer is replaced with TiON, a lossy dielectric known for its corrosion resistance and high hardness. Fabricated TiON/Si₃N₄/metal structures achieve vivid, tunable colors across a broad spectrum while maintaining high stability. Their optical, mechanical, and environmental robustness is systematically evaluated through five-year aging, humidity, and abrasion tests. Reflectance spectra confirm stable near-perfect light absorption (>90%) with minimal color shifts (≈10 nm). Camera imaging, CIE chromaticity analysis, and SEM investigation validate long-term color retention and stable surface morphology. The findings demonstrate that TiON-based F-P cavities offer a promising solution for industrial applications, overcoming key limitations of conventional structural color materials.

Terahertz microfluidic biosensors have obvious advantages in trace detection, but how to achieve high sensitivity and specific detection of tiny viruses is still a challenge. Herein, this study proposes a reflective THz microfluidic biosensor with functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to realize the quantitative detection of the EV71 virus. The biosensor achieves a strong polarization conversion effect by cascading bilayer metasurfaces, while simultaneously modifying functionalized HNTs with a large surface area onto its structure to offer more adsorption sites for the EV71 viruses. Furthermore, the high refractive index of HNTs and the local field of metasurfaces can enhance the interaction between THz waves and biochemical substances. The experimental results show that the combination of HNTs and antibodies can enhance the specific enrichment of the EV71 virus, thus realizing the polarization sensing of trace samples, and the detection limit can reach 0.01 µg mL⁻¹. The results of control experiments also show that HNTs and antibodies play a key role in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of virus sensing, with the highest detection accuracy increased by 2 and 3.2 times at 1 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. This study verifies the feasibility of THz polarization sensing and HNTs enhancement technology to detect viruses, providing a novel pathogen sensing paradigm.