Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy最新文献

To improve the selenium (Se) absorption of grape, in this study, a pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of intercropping with four Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae), including Solanum nigrum var. humile, Solanum diphyllum, Solanum nigrum, and Solanum alatum, on the Se absorption of ‘Summer Black’ grapevine. Intercropping increased the malondialdehyde contents in ‘Summer Black’ grapevine, which in turn reduced the biomass, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid) contents, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activities of ‘Summer Black’ grapevine. Except S. alatum, intercropping with S. nigrum var. humile, S. diphyllum, and S. nigrum increased the Se content in ‘Summer Black’ grapevine, which increased the shoot Se content of ‘Summer Black’ grapevine by 56.2%, 18.1%, and 45.1%, respectively, compared with the monoculture. Additionally, correlation and grey relational analyses revealed that the root Se content was the most closely associated with the shoot Se content. In conclusion, intercropping with S. nigrum var. humile, S. diphyllum, and S. nigrum promote the Se accumulation in ‘Summer Black’ grapevine but inhibit its growth, and intercropping with S. nigrum var. humile has the best effect on the improvement of Se level in ‘Summer Black’ grapevine, which can be used for Se-enriched grape production.

Hybridization of photovoltaic (PV) module (as a non-dispatchable resource), diesel generator (as a dispatchable source), and pumped hydro storage (PHS) (as an energy storage) can provide a promising hybrid energy system (HES). The main outlook of the present study is to develop an efficient multi-objective framework for optimal design of an off-grid PV/diesel/PHS HES in which a wide range of parameters related to PHS system is optimized. In the optimization framework, nine decision variables (number of PV modules, number of diesel generators, reservoir installation height, reservoir depth, reservoir diameter, pump's rated power, turbine's rated power, charge pipe diameter, and discharge pipe diameter) are optimized with respect to two objective functions: total net present cost (TNPC) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP). To determine how TNPC is affected by the change of the input variables, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying capital cost of PV, PHS, and diesel generator. To obtain a well-distributed and widely spread Pareto front, a multi-objective chaotic crow search algorithm (MO-CCSA) is introduced. Simulation results show that at LPSP = 0% and 5%, levelized cost of energy is around 0.59 and 0.55 $/kWh, respectively. Moreover, variation of the PV capital cost has a significant impact on the TNPC value.

This article presents a Ceramic Membrane-based Produced Water Treatment Technology and its application to water samples from Al-Ain (Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates). The samples were collected during the summer of 2022 from Ain Fayda (lake water) and Al-Ain cement factory (groundwater). This study investigates the effectiveness of the ceramic membrane for treating water samples and removing solid particles. A dead-end filtration mode with a filtration flux of 3 m³/m²/d was used. For the Ain Fayda Lake water sample, the transmembrane pressure during filtration reached 120 kPa (temperature adjusted to 25°C); air blowing was used to reduce the transmembrane pressure to around 70 kPa and Total Suspended Solids were reduced from 1.4 to <1 mg/L during 160 min of filtration. For the Al-Ain cement factory water sample, the transmembrane pressure during filtration reached 160 kPa (temperature adjusted to 25°C); air blowing reduced the transmembrane pressure to around 65 kPa and the Total Suspended Solids from 9.1 to <1 mg/L during 130 min of filtration. Both water samples belong to the Na-Cl water type. Overall, this work shows the effectiveness of the Ceramic Membrane-based Produced Water Treatment Technology for reducing Total Suspended Solids in sampled waters; thus, we recommend this approach for treating surface waters in Al-Ain to improve the environment and possible usage in agriculture.

In diesel engines, the most important parameter affecting the combustion performance is the injection advance. Since the injection advance directly affects the combustion quality, it also directly affects the outputs, such as ignition delay, in-cylinder pressure, fuel consumption, and emission values. Therefore, setting the advance angle correctly is exceedingly significant for the optimum operation of the engine in all conditions. In this study, a single-cylinder diesel engine with a mechanical fuel system was converted to a common rail fuel system by revising its fuel system. Experiments were carried out with the converted engine at a constant speed (1850 rpm), at different loads (3–4.5–6–7.5–9 Nm), and at different advance angles (10, 12, 14, 16, 18°). In the experiments, engine performance and emission (exhaust, vibration, noise) data were examined. When the cylinder pressure data is evaluated, the maximum in-cylinder pressure approaches the top dead point in parallel with the increase in the advance angle. Specific fuel consumption occurred at a minimum advance angle of 10° under all load conditions. In exhaust emissions, minimum values at 10° advance angle were obtained for all emissions except for oxygen emissions. Vibration emissions were reduced by 6% at a 10° advancing angle compared to 18° advancing angle at 3 Nm load. It was determined that noise emissions decreased by 1.76% in the same experimental parameters. When all data are evaluated, the optimum advance angle for the revised fuel system has been determined as 10°.

This research investigated the utilization of Prosopis cineraria leaf powder (PCLP) as biosorbent in the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto PCLP after 2 h was 10.283 mg g⁻¹ under optimum conditions: initial concentration 10 mg L⁻¹, pH 5, dose 0.4 g L⁻¹ and temperature at 293 K. For equilibrium modeling, two-parameters (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin) and three parameters (Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Toth) isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data. Kinetic modeling was performed using Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion, and Bangham's model. Both linear and nonlinear regression were compared coupled with several error functions to determine the best fit and model parameters were evaluated. The results revealed that nonlinear method best explain the experimental data revealing Temkin (R² = 0.9938) and pseuso-second-order (R² = 0.9935) models as the best-fitted models with lower error functions. Therefore, the present investigation convinced that PCLP could be used as cost effective, efficient and eco-friendly biosorbent to reduce Cr(VI) concentration in aqueous solution.

In this study, a new idea was proposed to enhance the direct absorption of radiation by the nanofluid by incorporating a central absorber copper tube. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were used as the nanofluid with mass percentages of 0.05%, 0.055%, and 0.01% by weight, mixed with an oil-based fluid. The absorption coefficients were varied in the range of 10, 40, and 100. The performance of the collector was compared to experimental and numerical data from other literature. Based on the results, the presence of the central copper tube inside the absorber tube of the collector led to higher radiation absorption under the same conditions compared to the nanofluid alone. In the case of the highest nanofluid composition (0.055% by weight), the thermal efficiency increased by up to 7% compared to a standard direct absorption collector.For an absorption coefficient of 10, the proposed collector exhibited the largest difference in output temperature compared to the usual volumetric absorption collector (DATPSC), with a temperature difference of approximately 23 K. To obtain more accurate results, the fluid domain in the parabolic collector with the new configuration was numerically investigated using ANSYS software.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been extensively utilized in various industries. These artificial compounds pose significant environmental and health concerns as they exhibit persistence in soil over long periods and can migrate through soil and groundwater. One potential method for addressing PFASs toxicity is thermal desorption, although its efficacy in calcareous soil remains understudied. In this experimental investigation, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal desorption in removing PFASs from two types of calcareous soil: spiked clay and sandy clay loam soil. PFASs were spiked into soil samples, which were subsequently freeze-dried and homogenized. The samples underwent thermal desorption, followed by extraction and analysis of remaining PFASs concentrations using UPLC MS/MS. The study examined the impact of different temperatures, times, and soil types on PFASs removal. Results revealed that the removal fraction of PFASs increased with higher temperatures, although the specific effect varied depending on the soil type and the characteristics of the PFASs. Optimal PFASs removal occurred within the temperature range of 350 to 450°C, with a treatment time of 40 to 60 min. ANOVA analysis indicated a significant interaction between temperature and time, highlighting the influence of temperature on PFASs desorption. The correlation coefficient demonstrated a negative relationship between temperature and PFASs removal from the soil sample. This study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of thermal desorption in removing PFASs from calcareous soils. The findings contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating the environmental and health risks associated with PFASs contamination in soil.

Synthesis of micro-mesoporous zeolite composite with optimum micro and mesoporosity is an emerging research area due to its wide applications, especially in bulk chemical or biomass transformations. It offers advantages in preserving zeolite crystallinity, creating mesoporosity and converting bulky molecules into valuable products. This work presents the process of preparing bimodal micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 using dual templates (CTMABr and TPABr). XRD, N₂ adsorption–desorption, SEM, TEM, ²⁹Si, and ²⁷Al NMR were used to analyze the two-dimensional micro-mesoporous ZSM-5. One-step synthesis of bimodal micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 features dual micro/mesoporosity by a marginal decrease in the crystallinity (71%). Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite was found to be dependent on the optimum CTMABr/SiO₂ molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.06. The micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite composite was evaluated for cascade synthesis of 5-EMF (methoxymethyl furfural- biofuel additive) from fructose and exhibited a five fold increase in 5-EMF yield to 24.2% as compared with parent ZSM-5 (4.6%).

Herein, inexpensive and eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver-doped metal hexacyanoferrates (Ag@MHCFs) nanocomposite using green tea extract has been reported. Silver-doped MHCF nanocatalysts were used to photo-degradation endocrine disruptor pesticides, namely endosulfan (ES) and atrazine (AT), from water under direct Sunlight. Spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of nanomaterials. Ag@FeHCF observed maximum degradation efficiency due to their high surface area (89.3 m²g⁻¹), significant zeta potential (−43.4 mV), lower band gap (1.5 eV), and low photoluminescence intensity as compared to other Ag doped MHCFs. Best degradation results showed with concentration amount (5 mg L⁻¹), dose (20 mg of ES; 15 mg of AT), at neutral pH under sunlight irradiation. Degradation up to 98% for ES and 96% for AT was reported. The degradation ensued by Langmuir adsorption and first-order kinetics. GC–MS analysis showed the degradation of pesticides into CO₂, H₂O, and harmless minor metabolites under Sunlight. Ag@FeHCF have indicated high reusability (n = 10), ensuring their charge separation, stability, and sustainability. Ag@MHCF nanoparticles may show as substitute catalysts for industrial use with a fervent scope.