Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.32428
V. Mykhaylenko
largescalechanges in the global system with unpredictablebut significant political and economic consequences aretaking place in front of our eyes. Europe is situated atthe centre of a political and socio-economic crisis thathas exacerbated the key contradictions of long-termdevelopment, deepening conflict between society andnature. The key concepts of the civilized world – theprinciples of democracy, the rule of law and cultural values– are under threat. The Russian military machine isblackmailing the world with a nuclear disaster, causinglarge-scale pollution of the natural environment anddeliberately destroying infrastructure facilities, and thesocial and humanitarian spheres of my country. Accessto energy resources, water and food products is becomingthe means of pressure. Climate change has becomea problem of particular sharpness.
{"title":"Global challenges and scientific research goals","authors":"V. Mykhaylenko","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.32428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.32428","url":null,"abstract":"largescalechanges in the global system with unpredictablebut significant political and economic consequences aretaking place in front of our eyes. Europe is situated atthe centre of a political and socio-economic crisis thathas exacerbated the key contradictions of long-termdevelopment, deepening conflict between society andnature. The key concepts of the civilized world – theprinciples of democracy, the rule of law and cultural values– are under threat. The Russian military machine isblackmailing the world with a nuclear disaster, causinglarge-scale pollution of the natural environment anddeliberately destroying infrastructure facilities, and thesocial and humanitarian spheres of my country. Accessto energy resources, water and food products is becomingthe means of pressure. Climate change has becomea problem of particular sharpness.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85667648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.29530
I. Sumantri, Peter Kusnadi, I. Handoyo, A. C. Kumoro
Environmentally benign energy strategies have been implemented to cope with the rapidly increased global energy needs. Indonesia’s coffee consumption has triggered an increase in the generation of spent coffee ground (SCG) that can be used as a biogas raw material. The novelty that we offer in this research effort is to reduce the premature formation of biogas, so that we can extend the biogas production period during the digestion of spent coffee ground by adjusting the right pH and digestion time. This study aimed to produce biogas from an organic substrate mixture containing cow manure and SCG with a 25:1 C/N ratio by employing effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4). The process began with delignification of SCG using sodium hydroxide solution to obtain delignified SCG (DSCG). The biodegradation of the substrate was performed in an anaerobic batch digestion (AD) system at ambient temperature by varying pH (5, 7, and 9) and EM-4 concentration (6%, 9%, and 12%). The biogas product and chemical oxygen demand measurements were carried out every two days for 60 days of digestion. The results showed that the increase in EM-4 concentration induced earlier initial biogas production enhanced the volume, and extended the production time. The pH 7 level and 9% EM-4 loading gave the ideal digestion substrate condition containing cow manure and SCG with a 25:1 C/N ratio to obtain 11.28 mL of biogas/g COD with 100.2% production enhancement. The modified Gompertz equation fitted the experimental data very well as indicated by a high value of the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.95).
已实施无害环境的能源战略，以应付迅速增加的全球能源需求。印度尼西亚的咖啡消费引发了废咖啡渣(SCG)产量的增加，这些废咖啡渣可以用作沼气原料。我们在这项研究中提供的新颖之处在于减少沼气的过早形成，因此我们可以通过调整合适的pH值和消化时间来延长废咖啡渣消化过程中的沼气产生期。本研究旨在利用有效微生物-4 (EM-4)，以含牛粪和SCG的有机基质混合物为原料，以25:1的C/N比生产沼气。该工艺首先使用氢氧化钠溶液对SCG进行脱木质素处理，得到脱木质素SCG (DSCG)。在厌氧间歇消化(AD)系统中，通过改变pH值(5、7和9)和EM-4浓度(6%、9%和12%)，在室温下对底物进行生物降解。在60天的消化过程中，每两天进行一次沼气产品和化学需氧量测量。结果表明，EM-4浓度的升高使初始产气量提前，产气量增大，产气时间延长;在pH值为7、EM-4负载量为9%的条件下，以25∶1的C/N比得到含牛粪和SCG的理想消化底物条件，可获得11.28 mL /g COD，产量提高100.2%。修正后的Gompertz方程具有较高的决定系数(R2 > 0.95)，与实验数据拟合良好。
{"title":"Biodigestion of Mixed Substrates of Cow Manure-Delignified Spent Coffee Ground (DSCG) using Microorganism Enhancer for Biogas Production and Its Kinetic Study","authors":"I. Sumantri, Peter Kusnadi, I. Handoyo, A. C. Kumoro","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.29530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.29530","url":null,"abstract":"Environmentally benign energy strategies have been implemented to cope with the rapidly increased global energy needs. Indonesia’s coffee consumption has triggered an increase in the generation of spent coffee ground (SCG) that can be used as a biogas raw material. The novelty that we offer in this research effort is to reduce the premature formation of biogas, so that we can extend the biogas production period during the digestion of spent coffee ground by adjusting the right pH and digestion time. This study aimed to produce biogas from an organic substrate mixture containing cow manure and SCG with a 25:1 C/N ratio by employing effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4). The process began with delignification of SCG using sodium hydroxide solution to obtain delignified SCG (DSCG). The biodegradation of the substrate was performed in an anaerobic batch digestion (AD) system at ambient temperature by varying pH (5, 7, and 9) and EM-4 concentration (6%, 9%, and 12%). The biogas product and chemical oxygen demand measurements were carried out every two days for 60 days of digestion. The results showed that the increase in EM-4 concentration induced earlier initial biogas production enhanced the volume, and extended the production time. The pH 7 level and 9% EM-4 loading gave the ideal digestion substrate condition containing cow manure and SCG with a 25:1 C/N ratio to obtain 11.28 mL of biogas/g COD with 100.2% production enhancement. The modified Gompertz equation fitted the experimental data very well as indicated by a high value of the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.95).","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86764277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Tank model by Sugawara is included in the lumped model category. As with other types of lumped models, the effectiveness of the application of the Tank model is largely determined by the parameter optimization method applied and the quantity of training data involved in the calibration process. This article proposes the Tank-DE model to transform rain data series into discharge in a watershed. The Tank-DE model is built from a combination of a simulation equation system based on the Tank model and a multi-parameter optimization equation system based on the Differential evolution (DE) Algorithm. This article also examines the sensitivity analysis of the model to study the effect of the length of the training data series involved in the calibration process on the predictive discharge quality generated by the Tank-DE model. Thus, the minimum length of the training data series can be recommended, related to the application of the model. The results of the analysis show that the Tank-DE model can present the relationship between rainfall data series and daily period discharge very well. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that there is an indication that the longer the training data series, the more quantitatively positive impact on the performance of the model. The calibration process involving a training data set for 1 year produces a very good value of the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.94), but the indicator decreases drastically at the validation stage. The calibration process involving a relatively long training data series produces a more consistent value of the coefficient of determination. This indicates that the Tank-DE model can be an alternative solution to solve the problem of scarcity of discharge data series which is a classic problem in water resource development activities.
{"title":"The Effect of Training Data Series Length on the Performance of the Tank Model for Transforming Rainfall into Runoff Data Series","authors":"Sulianto Sulianto, Ernawan Setiono, Lourina Evanale Orfa","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31482","url":null,"abstract":"The Tank model by Sugawara is included in the lumped model category. As with other types of lumped models, the effectiveness of the application of the Tank model is largely determined by the parameter optimization method applied and the quantity of training data involved in the calibration process. This article proposes the Tank-DE model to transform rain data series into discharge in a watershed. The Tank-DE model is built from a combination of a simulation equation system based on the Tank model and a multi-parameter optimization equation system based on the Differential evolution (DE) Algorithm. This article also examines the sensitivity analysis of the model to study the effect of the length of the training data series involved in the calibration process on the predictive discharge quality generated by the Tank-DE model. Thus, the minimum length of the training data series can be recommended, related to the application of the model. The results of the analysis show that the Tank-DE model can present the relationship between rainfall data series and daily period discharge very well. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that there is an indication that the longer the training data series, the more quantitatively positive impact on the performance of the model. The calibration process involving a training data set for 1 year produces a very good value of the coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.94), but the indicator decreases drastically at the validation stage. The calibration process involving a relatively long training data series produces a more consistent value of the coefficient of determination. This indicates that the Tank-DE model can be an alternative solution to solve the problem of scarcity of discharge data series which is a classic problem in water resource development activities.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"505 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75516489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.30670
Ruwaida Zayadi, Christy Anandha Putri, M. Irfan, Z. Kusuma, Amin Setyo Leksono, B. Yanuwiadi
Malang Indonesia is an area prone to landslides, resulting in the need to model soil reinforcement to determine the vegetation’s slope stability using the roots of five species. One of the methods to improve the stability of slopes prone to landslides is adequate vegetation preservation. Soil strengthening with vegetation roots is environmentally friendly and an inexpensive alternative to reduce the vulnerability of slopes along mountainous slopes and the risk of shallow erosions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the vegetation arrangement on the slopes in Malang Regency, Indonesia, with a view of geotechnical engineering on the role of its root characteristics. Slope stability was analyzed by modeling the distribution of vegetation roots as an equivalent cohesion approach, where the factor of safety (FoS) is calculated using the PLAXIS-2D version 86 software. Soil and root parameters were obtained through direct shear testing and examining five plant species’ tensile strength. The results showed that the highest stability is achieved when the position of the vegetation on the slope’s surface is compared to the top. The factor of safety (FoS) increased from 23% to 30% and from 28% to 31% for slopes with uniform and combined species. Of the five plant species, P. merkusii demonstrated some advantages in maintaining stability because it has better root mechanical properties, among others. However, the combined species, such as C. arabica, had better performance because they possess vertical and lateral root systems, which act as an anchor in penetrating and griping the soil. This means combining vegetation species is a preferable preventive measure to increase slope stability. The analysis results also demonstrated the significance of vegetation on slope stability. The results show that the FoS decreases when the slope angle increases and reaches its maximum when the species are combined. The mechanical effect of the plant root matrix system can increase the shear strength of the soil, thereby raising the slope stability. The density of roots in the soil mass and the tensile strength contribute to the soil’s ability to withstand shear stresses.
{"title":"Soil Reinforcement Modelling on a Hilly Slope with Vegetation of Five Species in the Area Prone to Landslide in Malang, Indonesia","authors":"Ruwaida Zayadi, Christy Anandha Putri, M. Irfan, Z. Kusuma, Amin Setyo Leksono, B. Yanuwiadi","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.30670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.30670","url":null,"abstract":"Malang Indonesia is an area prone to landslides, resulting in the need to model soil reinforcement to determine the vegetation’s slope stability using the roots of five species. One of the methods to improve the stability of slopes prone to landslides is adequate vegetation preservation. Soil strengthening with vegetation roots is environmentally friendly and an inexpensive alternative to reduce the vulnerability of slopes along mountainous slopes and the risk of shallow erosions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the vegetation arrangement on the slopes in Malang Regency, Indonesia, with a view of geotechnical engineering on the role of its root characteristics. Slope stability was analyzed by modeling the distribution of vegetation roots as an equivalent cohesion approach, where the factor of safety (FoS) is calculated using the PLAXIS-2D version 86 software. Soil and root parameters were obtained through direct shear testing and examining five plant species’ tensile strength. The results showed that the highest stability is achieved when the position of the vegetation on the slope’s surface is compared to the top. The factor of safety (FoS) increased from 23% to 30% and from 28% to 31% for slopes with uniform and combined species. Of the five plant species, P. merkusii demonstrated some advantages in maintaining stability because it has better root mechanical properties, among others. However, the combined species, such as C. arabica, had better performance because they possess vertical and lateral root systems, which act as an anchor in penetrating and griping the soil. This means combining vegetation species is a preferable preventive measure to increase slope stability. The analysis results also demonstrated the significance of vegetation on slope stability. The results show that the FoS decreases when the slope angle increases and reaches its maximum when the species are combined. The mechanical effect of the plant root matrix system can increase the shear strength of the soil, thereby raising the slope stability. The density of roots in the soil mass and the tensile strength contribute to the soil’s ability to withstand shear stresses.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90510196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31010
K. Yusuf, Oluwatobi Sunday Akande, M. R. Baiyeri
The study was conducted to assess the effect of drinking magnetized water (MW) on the offensive odour by the poultry droppings from the broiler chicken (BC). Poultry droppings in poultry farm normally give offensive odour around the area where poultry farm is sited. Drinking MW could improve the digestibility of feed and dryness of the poultry droppings thereby reducing the ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and offensive odour. BCs (Arbor Acres breed) were given MW. The magnetic water treatment unit comprises a 20 by 60 mm rectangular plastic pipe and 960 mm long surrounded with 12 pieces of a 10 × 25 × 50 mm neodymium magnet rated 1.5T. The treatments were MW treated for 33 s (MW1), MW treated for 66 s (MW2), MW3 was treated for 99 s and the control (non-magnetized water, NMW). A total of 80 BCs (day old) with 20 for each treatment were given MW1, MW2, MW3 or NMW and monitored for 7 weeks. Samples of poultry droppings were randomly collected at 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks. NH3 and H2S were analyzed using standard methods. The mean concentration of NH3 for MW1 varied from 13.10 × 10-3 to 49.85 × 10-3, MW2 varied from 12.50 × 10-3 to 42.64 × 10-3, MW3 varied from 12.43 × 10-3 to 41.32 × 10-3 while the corresponding values for NMW varied from 20.30 × 10-3 to 65.13 × 10-3 mg/L. MW1, MW2 and MW3 reduced the odour by 30.65–55.73%, 52.74–62.40% and 33.42–63.31%, respectively. The effect of drinking MW was significant on the reduction of NH3 at α ≤ 0.025. MW also reduced the concentration of H2S in the poultry droppings. MW is recommended for producing broiler chicken to reduce offensive odour from the poultry farms.
{"title":"Effect of Drinking Magnetized Water on Offensive Odour from Poultry Droppings of Broiler Chicken","authors":"K. Yusuf, Oluwatobi Sunday Akande, M. R. Baiyeri","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31010","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess the effect of drinking magnetized water (MW) on the offensive odour by the poultry droppings from the broiler chicken (BC). Poultry droppings in poultry farm normally give offensive odour around the area where poultry farm is sited. Drinking MW could improve the digestibility of feed and dryness of the poultry droppings thereby reducing the ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and offensive odour. BCs (Arbor Acres breed) were given MW. The magnetic water treatment unit comprises a 20 by 60 mm rectangular plastic pipe and 960 mm long surrounded with 12 pieces of a 10 × 25 × 50 mm neodymium magnet rated 1.5T. The treatments were MW treated for 33 s (MW1), MW treated for 66 s (MW2), MW3 was treated for 99 s and the control (non-magnetized water, NMW). A total of 80 BCs (day old) with 20 for each treatment were given MW1, MW2, MW3 or NMW and monitored for 7 weeks. Samples of poultry droppings were randomly collected at 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks. NH3 and H2S were analyzed using standard methods. The mean concentration of NH3 for MW1 varied from 13.10 × 10-3 to 49.85 × 10-3, MW2 varied from 12.50 × 10-3 to 42.64 × 10-3, MW3 varied from 12.43 × 10-3 to 41.32 × 10-3 while the corresponding values for NMW varied from 20.30 × 10-3 to 65.13 × 10-3 mg/L. MW1, MW2 and MW3 reduced the odour by 30.65–55.73%, 52.74–62.40% and 33.42–63.31%, respectively. The effect of drinking MW was significant on the reduction of NH3 at α ≤ 0.025. MW also reduced the concentration of H2S in the poultry droppings. MW is recommended for producing broiler chicken to reduce offensive odour from the poultry farms.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84544593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31117
M. De La Cruz –Noriega, S. Rojas-Flores, R. Nazario-Naveda, Santiago M. Benites, D. Delfín-Narciso, W. Rojas-Villacorta, Felix Díaz
Potential use of organic waste and microalgae generates bioelectricity and thereby reduces harmful effects on the environment. These residues are used due to their high content of electron-generating microorganisms. However, so far, they have not been used simultaneously. Therefore, this research uses mango waste and microalgae Spirulina sp. in double-chamber microbial fuel cells to generate bioelectricity. The cells were made at a laboratory scale using zinc and copper electrodes, achieving a maximum current and voltage of 7.5948 ± 0.3109 mA and 0.84546 ± 0.314 V, with maximum electrical conductivity of the substrate being 157.712 ± 4.56 mS/cm and an optimum operating pH being 5.016 ± 0.086. The cells showed a low internal resistance of approximately 205.056 ± 25 Ω, and a maximum power density of 657.958 ± 21.114 mW/cm2 at a current density of 4.484 A/cm2. This research provides an excellent opportunity for mango farmers and exporting and importing companies because they can use their own waste to reduce their electricity costs when this prototype is brought to a large scale.
有机废物和微藻的潜在利用可以产生生物电，从而减少对环境的有害影响。这些残留物之所以被利用，是因为它们含有大量能产生电子的微生物。然而，到目前为止，它们还没有同时使用。因此，本研究利用双室微生物燃料电池中的芒果废弃物和微藻螺旋藻产生生物电。在实验室规模下，采用锌和铜电极制备电池，最大电流和电压分别为7.5948±0.3109 mA和0.84546±0.314 V，衬底的最大电导率为157.712±4.56 mS/cm，最佳工作pH为5.016±0.086。在电流密度为4.484 a /cm2时，电池的内阻约为205.056±25 Ω，最大功率密度为657.958±21.114 mW/cm2。这项研究为芒果种植者和进出口公司提供了一个极好的机会，因为当这个原型大规模推广时，他们可以利用自己的废物来降低电力成本。
{"title":"Potential Use of Mango Waste and Microalgae Spirulina sp. for Bioelectricity Generation","authors":"M. De La Cruz –Noriega, S. Rojas-Flores, R. Nazario-Naveda, Santiago M. Benites, D. Delfín-Narciso, W. Rojas-Villacorta, Felix Díaz","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31117","url":null,"abstract":"Potential use of organic waste and microalgae generates bioelectricity and thereby reduces harmful effects on the environment. These residues are used due to their high content of electron-generating microorganisms. However, so far, they have not been used simultaneously. Therefore, this research uses mango waste and microalgae Spirulina sp. in double-chamber microbial fuel cells to generate bioelectricity. The cells were made at a laboratory scale using zinc and copper electrodes, achieving a maximum current and voltage of 7.5948 ± 0.3109 mA and 0.84546 ± 0.314 V, with maximum electrical conductivity of the substrate being 157.712 ± 4.56 mS/cm and an optimum operating pH being 5.016 ± 0.086. The cells showed a low internal resistance of approximately 205.056 ± 25 Ω, and a maximum power density of 657.958 ± 21.114 mW/cm2 at a current density of 4.484 A/cm2. This research provides an excellent opportunity for mango farmers and exporting and importing companies because they can use their own waste to reduce their electricity costs when this prototype is brought to a large scale.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83646272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30627
Diego Campos, Gilary Morales-Tejeda, V. Razuri-Esteves
Marine litter on the seafloor has been increasing for several decades. Moreover, shipping routes and fishing ports are considered as affected areas with benthic macro-litter distribution. In Peru, the available information about benthic litter is limited and only originates from cleaning campaigns. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct the first scientific report about benthic macro-litter occurrence and composition distributed in a shipping route of Ancon Bay. For this purpose, a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was used to evaluate the marine litter composition and distribution at depths between 1 and 25 m. A total of 8.8 h of video transects were recorded, and 46 litter items were identified, where plastic represented 80.4%; and industry food and single-use bags were the most frequent items. Plastic fragments and food industry bags dominated areas closer to San Francisco Grande mud sandy beach and the anchorage zone, respectively, while non-plastic items were more common in front of rocky shores. The present work emphasizes the importance of the studies about benthic marine debris for better decision-making regarding litter management. It also highlighted the usefulness of low-cost ROVs in identifying different litter items in shallow areas.
{"title":"Characterization of Seafloor Marine Litter Distribution in a Shipping Route of Ancon Bay","authors":"Diego Campos, Gilary Morales-Tejeda, V. Razuri-Esteves","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30627","url":null,"abstract":"Marine litter on the seafloor has been increasing for several decades. Moreover, shipping routes and fishing ports are considered as affected areas with benthic macro-litter distribution. In Peru, the available information about benthic litter is limited and only originates from cleaning campaigns. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct the first scientific report about benthic macro-litter occurrence and composition distributed in a shipping route of Ancon Bay. For this purpose, a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was used to evaluate the marine litter composition and distribution at depths between 1 and 25 m. A total of 8.8 h of video transects were recorded, and 46 litter items were identified, where plastic represented 80.4%; and industry food and single-use bags were the most frequent items. Plastic fragments and food industry bags dominated areas closer to San Francisco Grande mud sandy beach and the anchorage zone, respectively, while non-plastic items were more common in front of rocky shores. The present work emphasizes the importance of the studies about benthic marine debris for better decision-making regarding litter management. It also highlighted the usefulness of low-cost ROVs in identifying different litter items in shallow areas.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82436617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.31006
S. Sumarmi, S. Bachri, P. Purwanto, S. Zubaidah, R. Shrestha, Adellia Wardatus Sholiha
Mangrove management is completely crucial for environmental sustainability. This study aimed (1) to examine the green and fair strategy in developing mangrove ecotourism in Bedul, Banyuwangi Regency, and (2) to examine the economic, social, and cultural improvement of the local community around the mangrove ecotourism area. The research method was qualitative descriptive using Internal Factor Analysis System (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis System (EFAS) matrix analysis from the SWOT approach. Data included primary and secondary data collected in 2020. Primary data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews with key informants and stakeholders around the study site. Secondary data came from literature reviews, documentation of the government institutions, and the local community. Based on IFAS and EFAS analysis, Bedul Mangrove Ecotourism belonged to Quadrant II with a diversification strategy. The diversification strategy in Quadrant II is located between concentric and conglomerate diversification that signifies a strong organization with strong threats. The analysis showed the need to diversify strategies or make modifications by integrating indicators for sustainable tourism in the mangrove ecotourism area of Bedul, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. According to the identification results of tourism sustainability goals in accordance with the SDGs 2030 agenda, Mangrove Bedul Ecotourism requires the addition or modification of green and fair policies to address the limited aspect of economic development and the lack of guarantees for community welfare and stakeholders.
{"title":"Assessing Bedul Mangrove Ecotourism Using Green and Fair Strategy Empowerment to Fulfill SDGs 2030 Agenda for Tourism","authors":"S. Sumarmi, S. Bachri, P. Purwanto, S. Zubaidah, R. Shrestha, Adellia Wardatus Sholiha","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.31006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.31006","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove management is completely crucial for environmental sustainability. This study aimed (1) to examine the green and fair strategy in developing mangrove ecotourism in Bedul, Banyuwangi Regency, and (2) to examine the economic, social, and cultural improvement of the local community around the mangrove ecotourism area. The research method was qualitative descriptive using Internal Factor Analysis System (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis System (EFAS) matrix analysis from the SWOT approach. Data included primary and secondary data collected in 2020. Primary data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews with key informants and stakeholders around the study site. Secondary data came from literature reviews, documentation of the government institutions, and the local community. Based on IFAS and EFAS analysis, Bedul Mangrove Ecotourism belonged to Quadrant II with a diversification strategy. The diversification strategy in Quadrant II is located between concentric and conglomerate diversification that signifies a strong organization with strong threats. The analysis showed the need to diversify strategies or make modifications by integrating indicators for sustainable tourism in the mangrove ecotourism area of Bedul, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. According to the identification results of tourism sustainability goals in accordance with the SDGs 2030 agenda, Mangrove Bedul Ecotourism requires the addition or modification of green and fair policies to address the limited aspect of economic development and the lack of guarantees for community welfare and stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82891829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30745
S. Wattana, Thanit Purathanung, B. Wattana
This paper aims to provide an analysis of the impacts of the promotion policy of palm oil-based biofuel utilization in the Thai transport sector for the period 2020–2037. For this purpose, three scenarios are developed to represent different proportions of palm oil-based biofuel blending implemented in Thailand and their impacts are analyzed through the application of the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model. The analysis reveals that an increase in the proportion of palm oil-based biofuel in a diesel mix would provide several noticeable benefits, for example, help reducing diesel consumption, decreasing crude oil requirement, and mitigating emissions of CO2 and PM2.5 – a major source of current environmental health problems. In addition, increased proportion of palm oil-based biofuel in the diesel mix would contribute to a growing demand for oil palm production and a plantation area to meet an increase in palm oil-based biofuel production. A high demand for oil palm production and plantation land requirement could, however, be emerging challenges. In order to address these challenges, the effective strategies could include a plan for agricultural crop zoning, crop breeding, the efficiency enhancement of biofuel conversion technology, the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the support from the government for research and development of second-generation biofuels. The analysis will be useful for Thai planners and policy makers to design policies to overcome the issues of energy and food security as well as climate change problems.
{"title":"Impacts of Palm Oil-based Biofuel Utilization Promotion Policy in the Thai Transport Sector","authors":"S. Wattana, Thanit Purathanung, B. Wattana","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30745","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide an analysis of the impacts of the promotion policy of palm oil-based biofuel utilization in the Thai transport sector for the period 2020–2037. For this purpose, three scenarios are developed to represent different proportions of palm oil-based biofuel blending implemented in Thailand and their impacts are analyzed through the application of the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model. The analysis reveals that an increase in the proportion of palm oil-based biofuel in a diesel mix would provide several noticeable benefits, for example, help reducing diesel consumption, decreasing crude oil requirement, and mitigating emissions of CO2 and PM2.5 – a major source of current environmental health problems. In addition, increased proportion of palm oil-based biofuel in the diesel mix would contribute to a growing demand for oil palm production and a plantation area to meet an increase in palm oil-based biofuel production. A high demand for oil palm production and plantation land requirement could, however, be emerging challenges. In order to address these challenges, the effective strategies could include a plan for agricultural crop zoning, crop breeding, the efficiency enhancement of biofuel conversion technology, the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the support from the government for research and development of second-generation biofuels. The analysis will be useful for Thai planners and policy makers to design policies to overcome the issues of energy and food security as well as climate change problems.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75621767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30684
Lucia Palšová, Zina Machničová, Z. Poláková
The area of agricultural land withdrawn for non-agricultural purposes is gradually increasing worldwide, which is mainly due to the conflicting interests of entities that are interested in the use of this natural resource. Between 2009 and 2020, agricultural land in the area of more than 16,000 ha was withdrawn in Slovakia for non-agricultural purposes. It can be considered a threat that the purpose of withdrawal is mostly industrial and subsequently housing, from which it is possible to predict the continuing intensification of industrial production and the growing agglomeration of regional cities. The role of the state in this regard is to introduce tools for its protection so that its production as well as ecological functions are ensured in a sustainable way. The aim of the paper is to evaluate changes in agricultural land use in Slovakia in the context of analysis of implementation tools aimed at protecting agricultural land, using descriptive and regression analysis of available primary and secondary sources. The result thus points to the increased need of protection and reduction of the rate of withdrawal of agricultural land from the agricultural land fund (at least within the highest quality groups with the highest impact for individual withdrawal purposes), more specifically the land belonging to groups 2 and 3, in order to stabilize the agro-sector, which is vital in terms of its functions, among other things, as well as in the field of biodiversity protection, food self-sufficiency and landscape maintenance. The protection of agricultural land as a component of the environment is not a priority interest of state policy, and therefore its implementation is vague and non-conceptual in terms of current progress and the needs of the society.
{"title":"Agricultural Land Withdrawals in Relation to Sustainable Land Use in Slovakia","authors":"Lucia Palšová, Zina Machničová, Z. Poláková","doi":"10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30684","url":null,"abstract":"The area of agricultural land withdrawn for non-agricultural purposes is gradually increasing worldwide, which is mainly due to the conflicting interests of entities that are interested in the use of this natural resource. Between 2009 and 2020, agricultural land in the area of more than 16,000 ha was withdrawn in Slovakia for non-agricultural purposes. It can be considered a threat that the purpose of withdrawal is mostly industrial and subsequently housing, from which it is possible to predict the continuing intensification of industrial production and the growing agglomeration of regional cities. The role of the state in this regard is to introduce tools for its protection so that its production as well as ecological functions are ensured in a sustainable way. The aim of the paper is to evaluate changes in agricultural land use in Slovakia in the context of analysis of implementation tools aimed at protecting agricultural land, using descriptive and regression analysis of available primary and secondary sources. The result thus points to the increased need of protection and reduction of the rate of withdrawal of agricultural land from the agricultural land fund (at least within the highest quality groups with the highest impact for individual withdrawal purposes), more specifically the land belonging to groups 2 and 3, in order to stabilize the agro-sector, which is vital in terms of its functions, among other things, as well as in the field of biodiversity protection, food self-sufficiency and landscape maintenance. The protection of agricultural land as a component of the environment is not a priority interest of state policy, and therefore its implementation is vague and non-conceptual in terms of current progress and the needs of the society.","PeriodicalId":11703,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research, Engineering and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82110080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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