Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103964
Shen Yan , Peng Wang , Xianjie Cai , Chuliang Wang , Lukas Van Zwieten , Hailong Wang , Quanyu Yin , Guoshun Liu , Tianbao Ren
Biochar-based fertilizers have the potential to improve soil quality by enhancing soil microbial communities, yet their direct effects on crop yield and quality are not well understood. To address this gap, we conducted a pot-based field study to evaluate the impact of traditional chemical fertilizers alone, traditional fertilizers supplemented with biochar, and biochar-based fertilizers on soil properties and bacterial communities. We also investigated how these treatments affected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) yield and leaf aroma quality. Biochar-based fertilizers increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools compared to the control, leading to greater bacterial diversity and richness. Consequently, tobacco biomass increased from 449 g/pot to 517 g/pot, and leaf aroma content rose from 625 µg/g to 832 µg/g. Linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares path modeling identified 13 key bacterial phylotypes, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Burkholderiaceae, Novosphingobium, Bacillus, Chitinophagaceae, Sphingomonas, Acidobacteriaceae, Acidobacteria, and Flavobacterium, that positively influenced tobacco leaf aroma constituents. Our findings suggest that biochar and biochar-based fertilizers enhance soil bacterial communities, which in turn improve crop yield and product quality. This study highlights the potential of biochar-based fertilizers as a sustainable agricultural practice to enhance soil health and crop quality through microbial community modulation.
{"title":"Biochar-based fertilizer enhanced tobacco yield and quality by improving soil quality and soil microbial community","authors":"Shen Yan , Peng Wang , Xianjie Cai , Chuliang Wang , Lukas Van Zwieten , Hailong Wang , Quanyu Yin , Guoshun Liu , Tianbao Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar-based fertilizers have the potential to improve soil quality by enhancing soil microbial communities, yet their direct effects on crop yield and quality are not well understood. To address this gap, we conducted a pot-based field study to evaluate the impact of traditional chemical fertilizers alone, traditional fertilizers supplemented with biochar, and biochar-based fertilizers on soil properties and bacterial communities. We also investigated how these treatments affected tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>) yield and leaf aroma quality. Biochar-based fertilizers increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools compared to the control, leading to greater bacterial diversity and richness. Consequently, tobacco biomass increased from 449 g/pot to 517 g/pot, and leaf aroma content rose from 625 µg/g to 832 µg/g. Linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares path modeling identified 13 key bacterial phylotypes, including plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Burkholderiaceae, Novosphingobium, Bacillus, Chitinophagaceae, Sphingomonas, Acidobacteriaceae, Acidobacteria, and Flavobacterium, that positively influenced tobacco leaf aroma constituents. Our findings suggest that biochar and biochar-based fertilizers enhance soil bacterial communities, which in turn improve crop yield and product quality. This study highlights the potential of biochar-based fertilizers as a sustainable agricultural practice to enhance soil health and crop quality through microbial community modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103998
Yao Yang , Kai Liu , Jiahao Zhang , Mengzhen Xu , Fang Guo , Xinyi Zhou , Congcong Wang , Xiongdong Zhou , Xudong Fu
The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) invasion and biofouling has caused huge economic and ecological damage worldwide, notably associated with inter-basin water diversion projects that bridge different biogeographical areas and facilitate dispersal of this species. Use of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology for monitoring golden mussel population has become increasingly prevalent but still restrained because of unclear quantitative relationship between eDNA concentration and densities of golden mussel. This study commenced with field surveys collecting the datasets of eDNA concentration, mussel density, and environmental parameters in the world’s largest water diversion project. An exponential quantitative relationship between the eDNA concentration and density of golden mussel was successfully established. Meanwhile, water temperature and pH were identified as the critical environmental factors influencing this exponential relationship through recursive feature elimination. To further investigate these influences, generalized additive models were developed to capture variations in the quantitative relationship. The confirmation of a quantitative relationship by this study underscores the efficacy of eDNA as a tool for density quantification, paving the way for high efficiency and resolution detection of invasive species like golden mussel, and offering a proactive approach to ecological preservation and resource management.
{"title":"Key environmental factors influencing eDNA quantitative detection of golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in a long-distance water diversion project","authors":"Yao Yang , Kai Liu , Jiahao Zhang , Mengzhen Xu , Fang Guo , Xinyi Zhou , Congcong Wang , Xiongdong Zhou , Xudong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The golden mussel (<em>Limnoperna fortunei</em>) invasion and biofouling has caused huge economic and ecological damage worldwide, notably associated with inter-basin water diversion projects that bridge different biogeographical areas and facilitate dispersal of this species. Use of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology for monitoring golden mussel population has become increasingly prevalent but still restrained because of unclear quantitative relationship between eDNA concentration and densities of golden mussel. This study commenced with field surveys collecting the datasets of eDNA concentration, mussel density, and environmental parameters in the world’s largest water diversion project. An exponential quantitative relationship between the eDNA concentration and density of golden mussel was successfully established. Meanwhile, water temperature and pH were identified as the critical environmental factors influencing this exponential relationship through recursive feature elimination. To further investigate these influences, generalized additive models were developed to capture variations in the quantitative relationship. The confirmation of a quantitative relationship by this study underscores the efficacy of eDNA as a tool for density quantification, paving the way for high efficiency and resolution detection of invasive species like golden mussel, and offering a proactive approach to ecological preservation and resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103998"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103983
Izzati Sabri , Kai Xian Ng , Nabihah Ku Mohammad Soffi , Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff , Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad , Li Sim Ho , Toshinari Maeda , Norhayati Ramli
Phenol is a toxic pollutant with mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic properties, necessitating its removal from phenol-contaminated environments. Biodegradation presents a viable solution, with microbial sources commonly found in phenol-contaminated environments, including palm oil mill effluent (POME). However, the indigenous bacteria capable of efficiently metabolizing phenol from POME remain unidentified, with limited knowledge of their composition, potential functions, and mechanisms of phenol degradation. The ability of the phenol-acclimatized mixed culture (PBMC) derived from POME to metabolize phenol was assessed by evaluating its bacterial composition using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, followed by predictions of its potential mechanisms. Subsequently, the phenol degradation capability was evaluated through batch cultivations with phenol as the sole carbon source. This was then compared with an isolated phenol degrader from POME, identified as Acinetobacter sp. AL9, whose genetic makeup was revealed through whole-genome sequencing. Well-known phenol degraders thrived in the PBMC, including Acinetobacter (16.75 %), Pseudomonas (10.48 %), and Flavobacterium (10.35 %). This community degraded phenol through seven different pathways, primarily catalyzed by protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase via the protocatechuate degradation II (ortho-cleavage pathway). The presence of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase also signified the involvement of catechol ortho-cleavage, and catechol degradation I and II (meta-cleavage) pathways, respectively. The PBMC completely degraded 300 mg/L of phenol more rapidly within 16 hours compared to the isolated Acinetobacter sp. AL9, which took 40 hours. This aligns with AL9’s phenol metabolism, which relies solely on the complete catechol ortho-cleavage pathway. This finding highlights the potential for harnessing the indigenous bacterial mixed culture from POME for efficient phenol bioremediation.
{"title":"Novel insights into indigenous phenol-degrading bacteria from palm oil mill effluent and their potential mechanisms for efficient phenol degradation","authors":"Izzati Sabri , Kai Xian Ng , Nabihah Ku Mohammad Soffi , Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff , Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad , Li Sim Ho , Toshinari Maeda , Norhayati Ramli","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol is a toxic pollutant with mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic properties, necessitating its removal from phenol-contaminated environments. Biodegradation presents a viable solution, with microbial sources commonly found in phenol-contaminated environments, including palm oil mill effluent (POME). However, the indigenous bacteria capable of efficiently metabolizing phenol from POME remain unidentified, with limited knowledge of their composition, potential functions, and mechanisms of phenol degradation. The ability of the phenol-acclimatized mixed culture (PBMC) derived from POME to metabolize phenol was assessed by evaluating its bacterial composition using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, followed by predictions of its potential mechanisms. Subsequently, the phenol degradation capability was evaluated through batch cultivations with phenol as the sole carbon source. This was then compared with an isolated phenol degrader from POME, identified as <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp. AL9, whose genetic makeup was revealed through whole-genome sequencing. Well-known phenol degraders thrived in the PBMC, including <em>Acinetobacter</em> (16.75 %)<em>, Pseudomonas</em> (10.48 %), and <em>Flavobacterium</em> (10.35 %). This community degraded phenol through seven different pathways, primarily catalyzed by protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase via the protocatechuate degradation II (<em>ortho</em>-cleavage pathway). The presence of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase also signified the involvement of catechol <em>ortho</em>-cleavage, and catechol degradation I and II (<em>meta</em>-cleavage) pathways, respectively. The PBMC completely degraded 300 mg/L of phenol more rapidly within 16 hours compared to the isolated <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp. AL9, which took 40 hours. This aligns with AL9’s phenol metabolism, which relies solely on the complete catechol <em>ortho</em>-cleavage pathway. This finding highlights the potential for harnessing the indigenous bacterial mixed culture from POME for efficient phenol bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103983"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103974
Laura Mejias , Daniel Ruiz , Esther Molina-Peñate , Raquel Barrena , Teresa Gea
This study faces the challenge of scaling up and validating the production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) derived biopesticides at both pilot (100-L) and demonstrative scale (290-L), following a novel operation strategy for solid-state fermentation (SSF) based on two consecutive and differentiate aeration stages. Digestate and vegetable biowaste served as the carbon and nutrient source for Bt growth and sporulation. The operation strategy, which combines an anoxic and an aerobic phase, was successfully implemented at the pilot scale, achieving proper temperature control, which is crucial for SSF development at commercial scale. A total final concentration of spores was achieved on the order of 107 spores per gram of dry matter with a production ratio of 2.4 spores per inoculated Bt viable cell. Results at the demonstrative scale were hindered, likely due to the alteration of the anoxic environment during reactor sampling and the longer anoxic time. The fermented solids with biopesticidal properties, could be considered compost-like amendments exhibiting good maturity based on low respirometric indices and phytotoxicity. This study underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to enhance the sustainability of biowaste management practices and promote the transition towards a circular economy model.
{"title":"Bacillus thuringiensis derived biopesticides from biowaste digestate at 290-L demonstration scale through solid-state fermentation","authors":"Laura Mejias , Daniel Ruiz , Esther Molina-Peñate , Raquel Barrena , Teresa Gea","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study faces the challenge of scaling up and validating the production of <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) derived biopesticides at both pilot (100-L) and demonstrative scale (290-L), following a novel operation strategy for solid-state fermentation (SSF) based on two consecutive and differentiate aeration stages. Digestate and vegetable biowaste served as the carbon and nutrient source for Bt growth and sporulation. The operation strategy, which combines an anoxic and an aerobic phase, was successfully implemented at the pilot scale, achieving proper temperature control, which is crucial for SSF development at commercial scale. A total final concentration of spores was achieved on the order of 10<sup>7</sup> spores per gram of dry matter with a production ratio of 2.4 spores per inoculated Bt viable cell. Results at the demonstrative scale were hindered, likely due to the alteration of the anoxic environment during reactor sampling and the longer anoxic time. The fermented solids with biopesticidal properties, could be considered compost-like amendments exhibiting good maturity based on low respirometric indices and phytotoxicity. This study underscores the importance of addressing these challenges to enhance the sustainability of biowaste management practices and promote the transition towards a circular economy model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103986
Chen Zhao , Yuanfa Li , Rui Li , Xudong Li , Lei Lyu , Jianzhong Pei
Both waste tires and plastics are difficult to break down naturally. The wet-modified asphalt has the disadvantages of a complicated process and poor storage stability. The dry-modified asphalt could remedy the disadvantages of the wet-modified asphalt. Therefore, the dry-modified asphalt with rubber-plastic composite modified particles (RPCMP) improved not only the pavement performance but also the construction advantages. The feasibility of a dry-modified asphalt mixture with RPCMP was studied by the pavement performances and modification mechanism. The experimental results were as follows: The performances of RPCMP dry-modified asphalt were slightly lower than those of wet-modified asphalt and had a great improvement in high-temperature, low-temperature, and moisture susceptibility performances. The RPCMP dry-modified asphalt has enough technical advantages; The diffusion of dry-modified asphalt and the segregation of wet-modified asphalt resulted in the two having the same modification effect. RPCMP dry-modified asphalt had sufficient construction advantages. Therefore, it was feasible to replace wet-modified asphalt with dry-modified asphalt. The addition of RPCMP could further meet the requirements of pavement performance and environmental protection.
{"title":"Study on the pavement performances and the modification mechanism of dry-modified asphalt with rubber-plastic composite particles","authors":"Chen Zhao , Yuanfa Li , Rui Li , Xudong Li , Lei Lyu , Jianzhong Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both waste tires and plastics are difficult to break down naturally. The wet-modified asphalt has the disadvantages of a complicated process and poor storage stability. The dry-modified asphalt could remedy the disadvantages of the wet-modified asphalt. Therefore, the dry-modified asphalt with rubber-plastic composite modified particles (RPCMP) improved not only the pavement performance but also the construction advantages. The feasibility of a dry-modified asphalt mixture with RPCMP was studied by the pavement performances and modification mechanism. The experimental results were as follows: The performances of RPCMP dry-modified asphalt were slightly lower than those of wet-modified asphalt and had a great improvement in high-temperature, low-temperature, and moisture susceptibility performances. The RPCMP dry-modified asphalt has enough technical advantages; The diffusion of dry-modified asphalt and the segregation of wet-modified asphalt resulted in the two having the same modification effect. RPCMP dry-modified asphalt had sufficient construction advantages. Therefore, it was feasible to replace wet-modified asphalt with dry-modified asphalt. The addition of RPCMP could further meet the requirements of pavement performance and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103986"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103978
Zhongran Wu , Shengyu Wu , Yao Hou , Hongjian Cao , Chao Cai
The research on in-situ remediation of heterogeneous aquifers using sustain-release material is scarce. In this study, the persulfate gel sustaining-release material (PGSR) was fabricated, and pollutants dynamic change, remediation efficiency and impact mechanism of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) activated PGSR on high- and low-permeability systems contaminated with toluene and naphthalene were explored by tank experiments. The results demonstrated that PGSR possesses superior remediation efficiency compared to conventional persulfate solutions, and the pollutants’ removal efficiency attains the maximum when the molar ratio of Na2S2O8 in PGSR to NZVI is 2/2. The long-term release of PGSR significantly extends the reaction time between persulfate and NZVI, which is conducive to addressing the tailing issue in the low-permeability zone (LPZ). The influence of process parameters on the remediation efficiency is important. Excessive activators or oxidants exert an influence on sulfate ions, thereby impeding pollutant degradation. Additional, injecting a small amount of PGSR will be diluted due to groundwater flow and unable to form a persistent reaction zone, while injecting a large amount of PGSR will block the pores, causing groundwater to flow around the reaction zone and influencing pollutant removal. Research offers technical support for in-situ remediation of contaminated sites with complex hydrogeological conditions.
{"title":"Persulfate gel sustaining-release materials and nano zero-valent iron for in situ remediation of high- and low-permeability systems","authors":"Zhongran Wu , Shengyu Wu , Yao Hou , Hongjian Cao , Chao Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research on in-situ remediation of heterogeneous aquifers using sustain-release material is scarce. In this study, the persulfate gel sustaining-release material (PGSR) was fabricated, and pollutants dynamic change, remediation efficiency and impact mechanism of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) activated PGSR on high- and low-permeability systems contaminated with toluene and naphthalene were explored by tank experiments. The results demonstrated that PGSR possesses superior remediation efficiency compared to conventional persulfate solutions, and the pollutants’ removal efficiency attains the maximum when the molar ratio of Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> in PGSR to NZVI is 2/2. The long-term release of PGSR significantly extends the reaction time between persulfate and NZVI, which is conducive to addressing the tailing issue in the low-permeability zone (LPZ). The influence of process parameters on the remediation efficiency is important. Excessive activators or oxidants exert an influence on sulfate ions, thereby impeding pollutant degradation. Additional, injecting a small amount of PGSR will be diluted due to groundwater flow and unable to form a persistent reaction zone, while injecting a large amount of PGSR will block the pores, causing groundwater to flow around the reaction zone and influencing pollutant removal. Research offers technical support for in-situ remediation of contaminated sites with complex hydrogeological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103978"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103951
Fangyang Yuan , Chenlong Dai , Yuxiang Ying , Dongxiang Wang , Xinjun Yang , Jiyun Du , Wei Yu
It is imperative to acknowledge the pervasive issue of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments. A significant proportion of these pollutants can be attributed to microplastic fibers shed from synthetic textiles. Microfibers differ from microplastics derived from other sources in that they possess both porous and hygroscopic qualities. A numerical model was constructed using the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the free settling of a single microfiber in still water. The results were validated by experimental data. The settling wake flow and relaxation time were analyzed, as well as the size and density effects of microplastic fibers on terminal settling velocity. It was found that Stokes law can predict the drag coefficient of settling submillimeter microplastic fibers. A new drag model was proposed, taking into account the effect of orientation to more accurately predict the settlement of heterogeneous or irregularly shaped microfibers in water.
{"title":"Prediction of the settlement of submillimeter microplastic fibers in still water","authors":"Fangyang Yuan , Chenlong Dai , Yuxiang Ying , Dongxiang Wang , Xinjun Yang , Jiyun Du , Wei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is imperative to acknowledge the pervasive issue of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments. A significant proportion of these pollutants can be attributed to microplastic fibers shed from synthetic textiles. Microfibers differ from microplastics derived from other sources in that they possess both porous and hygroscopic qualities. A numerical model was constructed using the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate the free settling of a single microfiber in still water. The results were validated by experimental data. The settling wake flow and relaxation time were analyzed, as well as the size and density effects of microplastic fibers on terminal settling velocity. It was found that Stokes law can predict the drag coefficient of settling submillimeter microplastic fibers. A new drag model was proposed, taking into account the effect of orientation to more accurately predict the settlement of heterogeneous or irregularly shaped microfibers in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103951"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103937
Alaaeldine Sh. Saleh , Oluwasola O.D. Afolabi
This study investigates the efficacy of bentonite in its natural and activated form via a newly developed activation process to sequester Cs and Sr – two hazardous radiotoxic pollutants – from aqueous solution. The elemental and mineralogical composition, morphology, and surface area of natural and activated bentonite were studied. Then, batch adsorption experiments of Cs and Sr on bentonite were conducted as a function of solid:liquid ratio, pH, Cs and Sr concentrations. Sr adsorption was largely affected by pH, while Cs was slightly influenced. At environmentally relevant pH, neutral to weakly alkaline, the distribution ratios, Rd, of both Cs and Sr adsorption on activated bentonite were mostly larger than those on natural bentonite by ∼50 %. Spectroscopic characterisation and batch studies were combined to discuss the observed experimental results. Cs and Sr showed different adsorption mechanisms. Cs was predominantly adsorbed on bentonite via ion exchange, while Sr adsorption could be mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions. Activated bentonite showed a larger adsorption capacity than natural bentonite, and the data were well-fitted to adsorption isotherm models. The model adsorption capacities of Cs and Sr on activated bentonite were 7.28 and 8.51 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the adsorption performance of both bentonite forms was found to decrease in saline solutions, with activated bentonite persistently showing more adsorption than natural bentonite. The findings of this study contribute towards developing effective activated bentonite with improved adsorption capacities. This bears significance in limiting radionuclide migration from storage repositories, reducing transportable radioactive material volumes, and minimising pollution risk.
{"title":"Enhancement and modelling of caesium and strontium adsorption behaviour on natural and activated bentonite","authors":"Alaaeldine Sh. Saleh , Oluwasola O.D. Afolabi","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the efficacy of bentonite in its natural and activated form via a newly developed activation process to sequester Cs and Sr – two hazardous radiotoxic pollutants – from aqueous solution. The elemental and mineralogical composition, morphology, and surface area of natural and activated bentonite were studied. Then, batch adsorption experiments of Cs and Sr on bentonite were conducted as a function of solid:liquid ratio, pH, Cs and Sr concentrations. Sr adsorption was largely affected by pH, while Cs was slightly influenced. At environmentally relevant pH, neutral to weakly alkaline, the distribution ratios, <em>R</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>, of both Cs and Sr adsorption on activated bentonite were mostly larger than those on natural bentonite by ∼50 %. Spectroscopic characterisation and batch studies were combined to discuss the observed experimental results. Cs and Sr showed different adsorption mechanisms. Cs was predominantly adsorbed on bentonite via ion exchange, while Sr adsorption could be mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions. Activated bentonite showed a larger adsorption capacity than natural bentonite, and the data were well-fitted to adsorption isotherm models. The model adsorption capacities of Cs and Sr on activated bentonite were 7.28 and 8.51 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the adsorption performance of both bentonite forms was found to decrease in saline solutions, with activated bentonite persistently showing more adsorption than natural bentonite. The findings of this study contribute towards developing effective activated bentonite with improved adsorption capacities. This bears significance in limiting radionuclide migration from storage repositories, reducing transportable radioactive material volumes, and minimising pollution risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103936
Heling Fan , Rongping Zhang , Jianming Lu , Mingqing Fu , Abdul Waheed , Xin Liu , Jianbang Zhou , Syed Majid Rasheed , Min Li , Xiaolong Huang
Yam is a vital medicinal plant, yet its cultivation faces increasing challenges, particularly due to pathogenic diseases linked to continuous cropping obstacles. This study examines the effects of Streptomyces sp. 30702 and Chitosan on anthracnose and soil microbial communities across four treatment groups: CK (control), SP (Streptomyces sp. 30702), CTS (chitosan), and SC (combined Streptomyces sp. 30702 and Chitosan) within a continuous yam cropping system. The yam was watered every 20 days with 0.25 g plant−1 of chitosan and 4.2 × 10⁵ CFU plant−1 of Streptomyces sp. 30702. Notably, the SC treatment significantly reduced the disease index by 41.31 %, cut root-knot nematode populations by 95.40 %, and boosted yield by 205.45 % compared to CK (P > 0.05). SC treatment also increased soil levels of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and urease activity. High-throughput sequencing highlighted the dominance of three bacterial phyla (Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota) and three fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and unidentified Fungi) at harvest. At the bacterial genus level, Bacillus showed a significant increase in SC compared to CK, while LEfSe analysis identified five marker microorganisms in CTS (including Flavobacterium) and four in SC at the fungal genus level. Importantly, SC management reduced the relative abundance of Colletotrichum, the primary cause of anthracnose, by 42.27 % compared to CK. In the Hainan yam continuous cropping system, four Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were identified as bacterial connectors, two as module hubs, and two as fungal connectors, underscoring their roles in decomposition and environmental adaptability. The results of the Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicate that available phosphorus in the soil significantly affects the composition of bacterial and fungal communities, with the greatest influence. Additionally, available potassium, available nitrogen, and root-knot nematodes significantly influence the bacterial community, while available nitrogen and root-knot nematodes significantly affect the fungal community (P < 0.05). Overall, the combination of Streptomyces sp. 30702 and chitosan proved to be an effective bio-agent duo, regulating soil microbial communities, reducing anthracnose, and providing a theoretical basis for addressing continuous cropping challenges in yam cultivation.
{"title":"Streptomyces sp. 30702 composite chitosan alleviates continuous cropping obstacles in Chinese yam by improving rhizospheric soil microbial environment: A field study in Hainan","authors":"Heling Fan , Rongping Zhang , Jianming Lu , Mingqing Fu , Abdul Waheed , Xin Liu , Jianbang Zhou , Syed Majid Rasheed , Min Li , Xiaolong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2024.103936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yam is a vital medicinal plant, yet its cultivation faces increasing challenges, particularly due to pathogenic diseases linked to continuous cropping obstacles. This study examines the effects of <em>Streptomyces sp.</em> 30702 and Chitosan on anthracnose and soil microbial communities across four treatment groups: CK (control), SP (<em>Streptomyces</em> sp. 30702), CTS (chitosan), and SC (combined <em>Streptomyces</em> sp<em>.</em> 30702 and Chitosan) within a continuous yam cropping system. The yam was watered every 20 days with 0.25 g plant<sup>−1</sup> of chitosan and 4.2 × 10⁵ CFU plant<sup>−1</sup> of <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. 30702. Notably, the SC treatment significantly reduced the disease index by 41.31 %, cut root-knot nematode populations by 95.40 %, and boosted yield by 205.45 % compared to CK (<em>P</em> > 0.05). SC treatment also increased soil levels of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and urease activity. High-throughput sequencing highlighted the dominance of three bacterial phyla (Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota) and three fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and unidentified Fungi) at harvest. At the bacterial genus level, <em>Bacillus</em> showed a significant increase in SC compared to CK, while LEfSe analysis identified five marker microorganisms in CTS (including Flavobacterium) and four in SC at the fungal genus level. Importantly, SC management reduced the relative abundance of <em>Colletotrichum</em>, the primary cause of anthracnose, by 42.27 % compared to CK. In the Hainan yam continuous cropping system, four Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were identified as bacterial connectors, two as module hubs, and two as fungal connectors, underscoring their roles in decomposition and environmental adaptability. The results of the Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicate that available phosphorus in the soil significantly affects the composition of bacterial and fungal communities, with the greatest influence. Additionally, available potassium, available nitrogen, and root-knot nematodes significantly influence the bacterial community, while available nitrogen and root-knot nematodes significantly affect the fungal community (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Overall, the combination of <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. 30702 and chitosan proved to be an effective bio-agent duo, regulating soil microbial communities, reducing anthracnose, and providing a theoretical basis for addressing continuous cropping challenges in yam cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 103936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104015
Ahmad Razi Othman , Muhammad Fauzul Imron , Nur ‘Izzati Ismail , Mohd Aidil Kamaruzzaman , Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah , Israa Abdulwahab Al-Baldawi , Setyo Budi Kurniawan , Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh , Azimah Ismail , Hassimi Abu Hasan
Hexavalent chromium is one of the toxic metals in water pollution. This study is aimed at analyzing the involvement of chromium reductase and biosorption potential in chromium-resistant species of Bacillus cereus. A total of 10 % (v/v) of B. cereus biomass was inoculated into a 90 mL chromium-contaminated solution with an initial concentration of 60 mg/L. Biomass digestion was carried out every day for a 5-day treatment period for chromium content analysis, while biomass characterization was carried out at the end of the treatment period, comparing the exposed vs. non-exposed bacteria. Results indicated that the highest chromium removal (16.12 ± 0.63 %) was obtained on day 3, while the maximum biosorption capacity was obtained on day 1, reaching 0.461 ± 0.02 mg Cr/g dry cell of biomass. XRD showed the crystalline structure of the bacteria cell after being exposed to chromium, suggesting that interactions between polysaccharides and proteins in the membrane may occur during the treatment. In addition, FT-IR spectra also showed decreasing peaks and the involvement of hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and nitroxide groups during the treatment. SEM-EDX results indicated that bacteria are experiencing cell structure alteration with more intense chromium spectra on the surface, while TEM images showed endospore formation by B. cereus under adverse environmental conditions. This study suggested that the removal of hexavalent chromium by B. cereus might be dominant via biosorption (translocated into cell biomass).
{"title":"Biosorption of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solution by Bacillus cereus","authors":"Ahmad Razi Othman , Muhammad Fauzul Imron , Nur ‘Izzati Ismail , Mohd Aidil Kamaruzzaman , Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah , Israa Abdulwahab Al-Baldawi , Setyo Budi Kurniawan , Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh , Azimah Ismail , Hassimi Abu Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexavalent chromium is one of the toxic metals in water pollution. This study is aimed at analyzing the involvement of chromium reductase and biosorption potential in chromium-resistant species of <em>Bacillus cereus.</em> A total of 10 % (v/v) of <em>B. cereus</em> biomass was inoculated into a 90 mL chromium-contaminated solution with an initial concentration of 60 mg/L. Biomass digestion was carried out every day for a 5-day treatment period for chromium content analysis, while biomass characterization was carried out at the end of the treatment period, comparing the exposed vs. non-exposed bacteria. Results indicated that the highest chromium removal (16.12 ± 0.63 %) was obtained on day 3, while the maximum biosorption capacity was obtained on day 1, reaching 0.461 ± 0.02 mg Cr/g dry cell of biomass. XRD showed the crystalline structure of the bacteria cell after being exposed to chromium, suggesting that interactions between polysaccharides and proteins in the membrane may occur during the treatment. In addition, FT-IR spectra also showed decreasing peaks and the involvement of hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and nitroxide groups during the treatment. SEM-EDX results indicated that bacteria are experiencing cell structure alteration with more intense chromium spectra on the surface, while TEM images showed endospore formation by <em>B. cereus</em> under adverse environmental conditions. This study suggested that the removal of hexavalent chromium by <em>B. cereus</em> might be dominant via biosorption (translocated into cell biomass).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 104015"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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