Environmental Technology & Innovation最新文献_第4页

Mitigation of odor emissions by replacing soybean meal with unconventional protein ingredients: Assessment via in vitro simulated fermentation 用非常规蛋白质成分代替豆粕减轻气味排放：通过体外模拟发酵进行评估

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104749

Ganlin Lv , Hao Fu , Yuhong Liao , Xinting Ma , Qiaoyun Chen , Qiang Han , Guanhong Li , Xionge Pi

To address the challenges of odor pollution from livestock farming and the need for resource conservation and reduced feed consumption, this study utilized an in vitro fermentation model to simulate the hindgut fermentation of fattening pigs. With soybean meal serving as the control, the impacts of eight unconventional protein feed ingredients—specifically defatted rice bran, peanut meal, two types of sesame meal, palm kernel meal, sunflower meal, dephenolic cottonseed protein, and corn gluten meal—on intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic activity were systematically evaluated. Fermentation end-products and gas emissions were quantified, and microbial community structure was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The palm kernel meal enhanced microbial diversity by enriching the Subdoligranulum and increased butyric acid production. The abundance of Lactobacillus enriched in the sesame meal-J was negatively correlated with the generation of H₂S and H₂, while Megasphaera and Streptococcus were positively correlated with the production of sulfur-containing gases and isovaleric acid. The microbial metabolic activity in the functional pathway of cysteine and methionine in the sesame meal-Q group increased by 60.4 %, positively regulating H₂S emissions. Through the regulatory framework of "nutrition-microbiota-odor emissions", this study revealed the mechanism by which unconventional protein feed ingredients regulate the gut microbiota of growing pigs to exert nutritional support and odor reduction effects. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of environmentally friendly feed and the reduction of soybean meal usage.

为解决畜牧业恶臭污染问题，节约资源和降低饲料消耗的需要，本研究采用体外发酵模型模拟育肥猪后肠发酵过程。以豆粕为对照，系统评价脱脂米糠、花生粕、两种芝麻粕、棕榈仁粕、葵花粕、脱酚棉籽蛋白和玉米蛋白粉8种非常规蛋白质饲料原料对饲粮肠道菌群组成和代谢活性的影响。对发酵终产物和气体排放进行量化，并利用16S rRNA基因测序分析微生物群落结构。棕榈仁粕通过丰富亚粒带和增加丁酸产量来增强微生物多样性。在芝麻粕- j中富集的乳酸杆菌丰度与H2S和H2的生成呈负相关，而Megasphaera和Streptococcus与含硫气体和异戊酸的产生呈正相关。芝麻粕- q组半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸功能通路微生物代谢活性提高60.4 %，正向调节H2S排放。本研究通过“营养-微生物-气味排放”的调控框架，揭示了非常规蛋白质饲料成分调控生长猪肠道微生物群发挥营养支持和减少气味作用的机制。为开发环境友好型饲料，减少豆粕用量提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Regional variability in soil organic carbon responses to chemical fertilizer and manure slurry driven by microbial functional pathways 微生物功能途径驱动下土壤有机碳对化肥和粪肥浆响应的区域变异

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104750

Xingping Chang , Xiaofei Wang , Huiying Du , Hao Wang , Keqiang Zhang , Lianzhu Du

Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are profoundly influenced by fertilization regimes and regional environmental conditions. In this study, we compared the impacts of chemical fertilizer and manure slurry application on SOC content and microbial functional gene composition across three geographically distinct regions in China: Harbin, Yiyang, and Nanyang. Our results revealed contrasting SOC responses among regions. Manure slurry application significantly enhanced SOC in Harbin, resulting in a 54 % increase compared with chemical fertilizer, mainly due to a pronounced accumulation of particulate organic carbon (POC). In contrast, SOC responses to manure slurry were minor in Yiyang and Nanyang, indicating that fertilization effects on SOC were strongly site-dependent. Metagenomic analyses showed that manure slurry increased the abundance of carbon fixation genes in Harbin, particularly those involved in the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, which increased by 9.57 % and 6.38 %, respectively. In contrast, manure slurry in Yiyang primarily enhanced genes involved in labile carbon degradation. Integrating soil properties, microbial functional genes, and enzyme activities revealed that fertilization affected SOC mainly through indirect pathways mediated by soil nutrient conditions and microbial functional traits. Changes in soil nutrients were closely associated with shifts in microbial carbon fixation and degradation gene abundances, which were more strongly linked to SOC and POC than to mineral-associated organic carbon. Overall, our findings indicate that the effectiveness of manure slurry versus chemical fertilizer in promoting SOC sequestration is not universal but strongly context-dependent, emphasizing the need for site-specific strategies in sustainable soil carbon management.

土壤有机碳动态受施肥制度和区域环境条件的深刻影响。在本研究中，我们比较了施用化肥和粪肥对中国哈尔滨、益阳和南阳3个不同地理区域土壤有机碳含量和微生物功能基因组成的影响。我们的研究结果揭示了不同地区SOC响应的差异。施用粪肥浆显著提高了哈尔滨市土壤有机碳含量，与化肥相比增加了54. %，这主要是由于颗粒有机碳（POC）的显著积累。益阳和南阳土壤有机碳对粪肥浆的响应较小，表明施肥对土壤有机碳的影响具有强烈的地点依赖性。宏基因组分析表明，肥浆处理增加了哈尔滨油菜固定碳基因的丰度，特别是与还原性戊糖磷酸循环和还原性三羧酸循环相关的基因丰度，分别增加了9.57 %和6.38 %。相比之下，益阳粪肥浆主要增强了参与不稳定碳降解的基因。综合土壤性质、微生物功能基因和酶活性，发现施肥主要通过土壤养分条件和微生物功能性状介导的间接途径影响土壤有机碳。土壤养分的变化与微生物固碳和降解基因丰度的变化密切相关，其与有机碳和有机碳的关系强于与矿物相关有机碳的关系。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，粪肥浆与化肥在促进有机碳固存方面的有效性不是普遍的，而是强烈依赖于环境的，这强调了可持续土壤碳管理需要针对特定地点的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of moisture regulation methods on the fish manure composting process and gas emissions 水分调节方法对鱼粪堆肥过程和气体排放的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104748

Ke Liu , Kai Zhang , Ping Li , Xiuli Wei , Ning Tang , Xuemeng Huang

Industrial Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (IRAS) excel at both wastewater treatment and the conversion of wastewater into usable resources, thereby offering vital support for the sustainable advancement of aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to identify suitable moisture regulation methods for composting of fish manure from IRAS. Seven treatment groups were established to investigate the effects of moisture regulation strategies: no water replenishment (T1), tap water replenishment (T2), compost leachate replenishment (T3), hydrothermal liquid replenishment (T4), and their combinations with hydrochar (T5-T7). Results show that the T6 treatment (compost leachate + hydrochar) performed optimally. In addition to increasing microbial diversity, it prolonged the high-temperature phase of composting to 12 days, enhanced compost water stability, and resulted in a seed germination index of 87.72 %. Additionally, T6 significantly reduced emissions of greenhouse gases (N₂O and CH₄) and ammonia (NH₃). The incorporation of hydrochar effectively delayed the transition of capillary water to free water, and enhanced the overall stability of the reactor. In conclusion, the combination of compost leachate and hydrochar is an efficient and environmentally friendly method for regulating the moisture content of fish manure compost. Our study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the resource utilization of fish manure.

工业循环水养殖系统（IRAS）在废水处理和将废水转化为可用资源方面表现出色，从而为水产养殖的可持续发展提供了至关重要的支持。在本研究中，我们的目的是确定合适的水分调节方法的堆肥从IRAS鱼粪。试验设置不补水（T1）、自来水补水（T2）、堆肥渗滤液补水（T3）、热液补水（T4）及其与水炭（T5-T7）组合7个处理组，研究水分调节策略的效果。结果表明，T6处理（堆肥渗滤液+水炭）效果最佳。除增加微生物多样性外，将堆肥高温期延长至12天，提高了堆肥水稳定性，种子萌发指数为87.72 %。此外，T6显著减少了温室气体（N2O和CH4）和氨（NH3）的排放。烃类的掺入有效延缓了毛细管水向自由水的过渡，提高了反应器的整体稳定性。综上所述，堆肥渗滤液与水炭相结合是一种高效环保的调节鱼粪堆肥含水率的方法。本研究为鱼粪资源化利用提供了理论依据和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

H3PO4-modified biochar derived from pear branches for efficient neonicotinoid removal 梨枝h3po4改性生物炭高效脱除新烟碱

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104747

Jing Li , Ping Han , Renke Zhang , Yan Tao , Jinwei Zhang , Pingzhong Yu , Ercheng Zhao , Junjie Jing , Kai Wang , Junxue Wu

The widespread presence of neonicotinoids (NEOs) in environmental matrices has raised significant concerns regarding their potential ecotoxicological effects and risks to human health. This study aims to address this issue by converting underutilized pear branch waste into a high-performance NEO adsorbent and elucidating the adsorption process. Pristine biochar (BC) and four modified biochars (H₃PO₄-, KOH-, humic acid-, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)-modified BC) were produced from pear branch waste through nonmetallic doping and pyrolysis at 700°C. The adsorption performance for four NEOs (clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid) was systematically evaluated. Batch experiments showed that H₃PO₄-BC had superior removal efficacy (67.8 %–81.0 %) for the four NEOs at an initial concentration of 10 mg L⁻¹, using a dosage of only 5 mg. This was attributed to its high specific surface area and abundance of oxygen-rich functional groups, which facilitated multi-mechanism adsorption. The adsorption process was heterogeneous and involved multisite binding. Furthermore, it was spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and endothermic (ΔH > 0), with an increase in entropy (ΔS > 0). Optimal adsorption occurred under acidic conditions owing to protonation of the NEOs. In addition, background ions caused minimal interference. The following adsorption pathways contributed to the overall process: hydrogen bonding (35.2 %–41.4 %), pore filling (14.4 %–38.3 %), hydrophobic partitioning (3.1 %–27.2 %), π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions (15.3 %–17.0 %), and ion exchange (1.5 %–8.7 %). This study directly addresses gaps in the literature by transforming pear branch waste into a high-value adsorbent and by providing a quantified, multi-mechanistic framework for designing adsorbents to remove NEOs from aquatic environments.

新烟碱类化合物在环境基质中的广泛存在引起了人们对其潜在生态毒理学效应和人类健康风险的严重关切。本研究旨在通过将未充分利用的梨枝废弃物转化为高性能NEO吸附剂并阐明吸附过程来解决这一问题。以梨枝废弃物为原料，通过非金属掺杂和700℃热解制备了原始生物炭（BC）和四种改性生物炭（H3PO4-、KOH-、腐植酸-和2,2,6,6-四甲基辣椒碱-1-基）氧（TEMPO）改性BC)。系统评价了四种neo（噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉和啶虫啉）的吸附性能。批量实验表明，当初始浓度为10 mg L−1时，H3PO4-BC对4种neo的去除率为67.8% % -81.0 %，投加量仅为5 mg。这是由于其高比表面积和丰富的富氧官能团，有利于多机理吸附。吸附过程是多相的，涉及多位点结合。该反应为自发反应（ΔG < 0）和吸热反应（ΔH > 0），且熵增加（ΔS > 0）。由于neo的质子化作用，在酸性条件下吸附效果最佳。此外，背景离子造成的干扰最小。以下吸附途径导致整个过程:氢键(35.2 % -41.4 %),孔隙填充(14.4 % -38.3 %),疏水性分区(3.1 % -27.2 %),π-π电子亲水相互作用(15.3 % -17.0 %),和离子交换(1.5 % -8.7 %)。本研究通过将梨枝废弃物转化为高价值吸附剂，并为设计吸附剂从水生环境中去除neo提供了一个量化的多机制框架，直接解决了文献中的空白。

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引用次数: 0

Gas-phase release of 6PPD from tire materials under friction-relevant thermal conditions 在与摩擦相关的热条件下，轮胎材料中6PPD的气相释放

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104746

Min-Seok Choi , Sung-Hwan Kim , Yong-Hyun Kim

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its toxic oxidation product, 6PPD-quinone, are emerging environmental contaminants of global concern. While current research primarily focuses on particle-bound pathways, the potential for gas-phase release from tire materials under friction-induced thermal conditions remains poorly quantified. This gas-phase pathway is critical as it may facilitate rapid atmospheric conversion to 6PPD-quinone, contributing to complex near-field exposure risks. This study investigated the temperature dependence of gaseous 6PPD emissions using thermal desorption as a proxy for tire-road thermal regimes. Fragments of new tires, used tires, and recycled rubber products were heated isothermally (150–220°C) under an inert gas purge. For new tire fragments, significant emissions began at 190°C and exhibited a sharp, linear increase with temperature (R² > 0.9999). Detectable, albeit lower, temperature-responsive emissions were also observed in tires aged five years and in recycled playground mats, confirming the persistence of releasable 6PPD. Arrhenius-based extrapolation to a representative on-road surface temperature of 60°C suggests a lifetime cumulative gas-phase release of up to 0.543 g per tire. This magnitude is comparable to estimates of the particle-bound pathway (∼1 g per tire). However, it must be noted that these values are derived from accelerated high-temperature tests and represent an upper-bound emission potential; actual on-road fluxes will be influenced by specific aerodynamic and oxidative boundary conditions. Nonetheless, these findings indicate that the gas-phase pathway is likely significant and warrants inclusion in future exposure and risk assessment frameworks.

N-（1,3-二甲基丁基）-N′-苯基-对苯二胺（6PPD）及其有毒氧化产物6PPD-醌是全球关注的新兴环境污染物。虽然目前的研究主要集中在颗粒结合途径上，但在摩擦引起的热条件下，轮胎材料释放气相的可能性仍然很少量化。这种气相途径至关重要，因为它可以促进大气快速转化为6ppd -醌，从而导致复杂的近场暴露风险。本研究使用热解吸作为轮胎-道路热状态的代理，研究了气体6PPD排放的温度依赖性。新轮胎、旧轮胎和回收橡胶制品的碎片在惰性气体吹扫下等温加热（150-220°C）。对于新的轮胎碎片，在190°C时开始显著排放，并随温度呈急剧线性增加（R2 > 0.9999）。在使用五年的轮胎和回收的操场垫子中也观察到可检测到的温度响应性排放，尽管较低，这证实了可释放的6PPD的持久性。基于arrhenius的外推法表明，60°C的代表性路面温度表明，每个轮胎的终生累积气相释放量高达0.543 g。这一量级与粒子结合途径的估计相当（每轮胎约1 g）。然而，必须指出的是，这些值是从加速高温试验中得出的，代表了排放潜力的上限；具体的空气动力学和氧化边界条件会影响实际的道路通量。尽管如此，这些发现表明，气相途径可能是重要的，值得纳入未来的暴露和风险评估框架。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the mechanism of phytoremediation to Pb and Cd in Euonymus japonicus Thunb. using biophysiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses 日本卫矛植物对Pb和Cd的修复机制研究。使用生物生理学，转录组学和代谢组学分析

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104737

Haolang Liu , Yongwei Gong , Yuqi Qi , Yu Wang

Urban heavy metals (HMs) contamination necessitates sustainable eco-remediation for ecological-health security. Urban green plants are overlooked sinks for HMs, yet their molecular remediation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we elucidate the physiological and molecular responses of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Results demonstrate that E. japonicus Thunb. exhibits high tolerance to Pb and Cd (tolerance index > 60), with predominant sequestration of these metals in root tissues (580.0 mg·kg⁻¹ and 83.1 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively, under high concentrations of HMs), inducing ultrastructural alterations. Detoxification under severe stress is mediated by catalase and peroxidase, rather than superoxide dismutase or glutathione. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of 15 core genes associated with detoxification, including ABCG4, ZnT2, and Nramp3. Metabolomic analysis revealed that root cells remodeled their metabolic regulation, including the following three aspects: (I.) amino acids and peptides (such as glycyl-phenylalanine, glutamyltyrosine, and betonicine); (II.) flavonoids (including catechin, myricetin, and persiconin); and (III.) lignan glycosides (such as occidentoside and ramontoside), thereby orchestrating stress adaptation. Multiomics analysis indicates that protein synthesis, processing, and regulation, involving amino acids, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, along with the reprogramming of the sugar co-metabolism network and plant adaptation and stress regulation, collectively contribute to the detoxification process under Pb and Cd stress. These findings indicate that E. japonicus Thunb. serves as a root-accumulating plant capable of stabilizing HMs in soils severely co-contaminated with Pb and Cd, highlighting its potential for sustainable phytostabilization in urban environments.

城市重金属污染需要可持续的生态修复来保障生态健康安全。城市绿色植物是被忽视的HMs汇，但其分子修复机制尚不明确。本文对日本卫矛的生理和分子反应进行了研究。铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）结果表明：黄芪；表现出对铅和镉的高耐受性（耐受性指数>； 60），这些金属主要在根组织中被吸收（在高浓度的HMs下，分别为580.0 mg·kg⁻¹和83.1 mg·kg⁻¹），引起超微结构的改变。严重应激下的解毒是由过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶介导的，而不是超氧化物歧化酶或谷胱甘肽。转录组学分析显示15个与解毒相关的核心基因上调，包括ABCG4、ZnT2和Nramp3。代谢组学分析表明，根细胞的代谢调节发生了重塑，包括以下三个方面：(1)氨基酸和多肽（如甘酰苯丙氨酸、谷氨酰基酪氨酸和倍桃碱）；（II）黄酮类化合物（包括儿茶素、杨梅素和persiconin）；（III）木脂素苷（如西花楸苷和雷蒙花苷），从而协调应激适应。多组学分析表明，蛋白质的合成、加工和调控，包括氨基酸、核糖体和内质网，以及糖共代谢网络的重编程和植物适应和胁迫调节，共同参与了铅和镉胁迫下的解毒过程。这些结果表明，日本黄颡鱼属。作为一种根系积累植物，能够稳定铅镉严重共污染土壤中的土壤有机质，突出了其在城市环境中可持续植物稳定的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The role of proper deep tillage in balancing soil aggregate stability, salinity, and crop yield in the early stages of salinized farmland improvement 盐渍化农田改良初期适当深耕在平衡土壤团聚体稳定性、盐度和作物产量中的作用

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104744

Zhijie Li , Yanjie Li , Ling Li , Xuyong Yu , Hongguang Liu , Ping Gong

Deep tillage can reduce soil salinity, improve soil health, and enhance productivity. However, the effects of deep tillage on soil aggregate stability and the mechanisms underlying salinity mitigation remain poorly understood during the early stages of salinized farmland reclamation. This study conducted a two-year experiment (2022–2023) in southern Xinjiang, China, with three tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT, 20 cm depth), and two deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) treatments: continuous DVRT (CDT) and alternating DVRT with CT (DT) at three depths (20, 40, 60 cm). Deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) effectively disrupts the plow pan, significantly reducing soil bulk density and enhancing pore connectivity throughout the soil profile. This structural improvement promotes irrigation-driven downward salt migration. Desalination was most pronounced under the CDT40 and CDT60 treatments, with the largest reductions observed in soluble sulfate and chloride ions. DVRT shifted the aggregate-size distribution toward finer fractions, resulting in reduced macro-aggregate proportions and lower mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates. These changes were primarily driven by mechanical fragmentation and irrigation-induced salt leaching, which reduced root-zone ionic strength and weakened salt-induced flocculation. Electrical conductivity (EC) and salt stock were significantly negatively correlated with crop yield, whereas effective desalination was associated with reduced MWD and GMD and increased yield. However, continuous deep disturbance (CDT), although enhancing early-stage desalination, reduced root-zone water storage due to excessive soil loosening and induced salt re-accumulation during the late growing season. Post-harvest EC in the 0–60 cm soil profile increased by 20 % and 35 % under CDT40 and CDT60, respectively, and EC under CDT60 exceeded that under DT60, ultimately resulting in yield reduction. Overall, the agronomic benefits of DVRT depend on balancing salt removal with root-zone water conservation, and moderate deep tillage is more conducive to achieving stable yield improvement during the early stages of salinized farmland reclamation.

深耕可以降低土壤盐分，改善土壤健康，提高生产力。然而，在盐渍化农田复垦的早期阶段，深耕对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响和盐渍化缓解的机制仍然知之甚少。本研究在中国南疆进行了为期两年（2022-2023）的试验，采用三种耕作处理：常规耕作（CT，深度20 cm）和两种深垂直旋耕法（DVRT）处理：连续垂直旋耕法（CDT）和三种深度（20、40、60 cm）的垂直旋耕法与CT （DT）交替耕作。深垂直旋转耕作（DVRT）有效地破坏了犁盘，显著降低了土壤容重，增强了整个土壤剖面的孔隙连通性。这种结构的改善促进了灌溉驱动的盐的向下迁移。在CDT40和CDT60处理下，海水淡化最为明显，可溶性硫酸盐和氯离子的减少幅度最大。DVRT使团聚体粒度分布向更细的组分转移，导致宏观团聚体比例降低，团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）降低。这些变化主要是由机械破碎和灌溉诱导的盐淋溶驱动的，这降低了根区离子强度，减弱了盐诱导的絮凝作用。电导率（EC）和盐存量与作物产量呈显著负相关，而有效的海水淡化与MWD和GMD的降低以及产量的增加相关。然而，持续深度扰动（CDT）虽然增强了早期脱盐，但由于土壤过度松动而降低了根区储水量，并在生长季后期引起盐的再积累。CDT40和CDT60处理下0 ~ 60 cm土壤剖面采后EC分别增加了20 %和35 %，且CDT60处理下EC超过了DT60处理，最终导致产量下降。综上所述，DVRT的农艺效益依赖于平衡脱盐和根区保水，适度深耕更有利于盐渍化农田复垦初期实现稳定增产。

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引用次数: 0

In situ synthesis of superabsorbent polymer in soil: A dual-mechanism study on desiccation crack suppression and self-healing behavior 土壤中原位合成高吸水性聚合物：干裂抑制和自愈行为的双机制研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104745

Senbiao Liu , Jianfeng Zhu , Yao Zheng , Yifan Zhang , Miao Li , Xichen Zhao , Xuelin Li

Soil desiccation cracking is ubiquitous in arid and semi-arid environments, and its evolution directly affects foundation stability and ecosystem functions. To improve the operability of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) incorporation and the crack-control performance, this study proposes a “liquid–solid mixing” in situ polymerization strategy, enabling SAP to form a three-dimensional network within the soil matrix, and systematically evaluates the effects of SAP content on water processes and crack evolution. The in situ generated SAP was characterized in terms of structure and morphology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultra-depth-of-field microscopic imaging (EDOF). Combined with laboratory drying tests and quantitative image analysis, the temporal variations in Water content decay, evaporation kinetics, Crack ratio, and crack geometric parameters were tracked. The results indicate that SAP can be successfully polymerized in situ within soil and can significantly slow water loss and suppress crack propagation. At a dosage of 12 %, compared with the blank sample (CK), the average Evaporation rate decreased by approximately 20.6 % and the total drying time increased by approximately 38.4 %; crack development was effectively controlled, with the final Crack ratio approaching 0 %. With increasing SAP dosage, Total crack length, Average crack width, and crack morphological complexity all decreased markedly. Under high-dosage conditions, crack openings exhibited a closure tendency during continued drying, suggesting a certain potential for crack self-healing. These findings demonstrate that the proposed in situ polymerization strategy not only expands a convenient route for SAP incorporation into geotechnical media, but also provides a feasible technical pathway and mechanistic basis for the coupled regulation of “water retention–crack suppression” in soils under drying conditions.

土壤干裂在干旱半干旱环境中普遍存在，其演变直接影响到地基稳定性和生态系统功能。为了提高高吸水性聚合物（SAP）掺入的可操作性和裂缝控制性能，本研究提出了一种“液固混合”原位聚合策略，使SAP在土壤基质内形成三维网络，并系统评价了SAP含量对水过程和裂缝演化的影响。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和超景深显微成像（EDOF）对原位生成的SAP进行了结构和形态表征。结合室内干燥试验和定量图像分析，跟踪了含水率衰减、蒸发动力学、裂纹比和裂纹几何参数的时间变化。结果表明，SAP能够成功地在土壤中原位聚合，并能显著减缓水分流失和抑制裂缝扩展。在添加量为12 %时，与空白样品（CK）相比，平均蒸发速率降低了约20.6 %，总干燥时间增加了约38.4 %；裂纹发展得到有效控制，最终裂纹率接近0 %。随着SAP用量的增加，总裂缝长度、平均裂缝宽度和裂缝形态复杂度均显著降低。在高剂量条件下，裂纹开口在持续干燥过程中呈现闭合趋势，表明裂纹具有一定的自愈潜力。研究结果表明，本文提出的原位聚合策略不仅为SAP在岩土介质中的掺入开辟了一条便捷的途径，而且为干燥条件下土体“保水—抑裂”耦合调控提供了可行的技术途径和机理基础。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost CO₂ sensors reveal seasonal and management-driven soil carbon fluxes in a Mediterranean agroecosystem 低成本CO 2传感器揭示了地中海农业生态系统中季节性和管理驱动的土壤碳通量

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104743

Humberto Flores-Landeros , Ana Grace Alvarado , Anna Jurusik , Jorge Andres Morande , Emily Waring , Thomas C. Harmon

Soil is the Earth’s second-largest carbon sink, and understanding soil carbon dynamics is critical for sustainable climate mitigation. Monitoring soil gas emissions offers an effective way to track changes in soil carbon storage driven by climate and agricultural practices. This study assessed seasonal soil CO₂ efflux from 5 ha of agricultural land in Merced, California, a Hot-Summer Mediterranean climate region, as it transitioned from flood-irrigated pasture to sprinkler-irrigated cropland. Five distinct land management events or practices were examined: flood irrigation, pasture grazing, soil disking, rainfed winter forage cultivation, and sprinkler-irrigated row cropping. We hypothesize that efflux regimes are primarily driven by seasonal changes in soil moisture, temperature, and vegetation and that land management activities will restructure these conditions to produce distinct efflux responses. Efflux rates were measured using low-cost portable CO₂ sensors during synoptic sampling campaigns from Summer/Fall 2022 through Fall 2024. The highest mean CO₂ efflux occurred during flood (5.1 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and sprinkler irrigation (3.5 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), approximately 2–4 × greater than during disking, pasture, or cultivation periods. Ordinary least squares regression identified soil moisture as the strongest predictor of efflux (β = 5.91, p < 0.001), followed by vegetation cover (β = 2.92, p < 0.001), and soil temperature (β = 0.04, p < 0.043). Unsupervised cluster analysis grouped observations into three distinct seasonal regimes: (1) Winter (Pasture), (2) Summer (Flood), and (3) Fall (Disking, Pasture, and Sprinkler). These results mainly supported our hypothesis advancing the understanding of how seasonal and management-driven factors shape carbon cycling in Mediterranean agroecosystems and inform practical strategies for monitoring and managing CO₂.

土壤是地球上第二大碳汇，了解土壤碳动态对可持续减缓气候变化至关重要。监测土壤气体排放为跟踪气候和农业实践驱动的土壤碳储量变化提供了一种有效方法。本研究评估了加州默塞德5 ha农业用地的季节性土壤CO₂外流，这是一个炎热的夏季地中海气候区，从洪水灌溉的牧场过渡到喷灌的农田。研究考察了五种不同的土地管理事件或实践：洪水灌溉、牧场放牧、土壤圆盘化、雨养冬季饲料种植和喷灌行作。我们假设外排机制主要是由土壤湿度、温度和植被的季节性变化驱动的，土地管理活动将重构这些条件，以产生不同的外排响应。在2022年夏秋至2024年秋的天气性采样活动中，使用低成本便携式CO₂传感器测量了外排率。最高的平均CO₂外流发生在洪水（5.1µmol m⁻²s⁻¹）和喷灌（3.5µmol m⁻²s⁻¹）期间，大约比盘田、牧场或耕种时期多2-4 × 。普通最小二乘回归发现土壤湿度是最强的预测因子（β = 5.91, p <； 0.001），其次是植被覆盖（β = 2.92, p <； 0.001）和土壤温度（β = 0.04, p <； 0.043）。无监督聚类分析将观测结果分为三个不同的季节状态：(1)冬季（牧场），(2)夏季（洪水）和(3)秋季（圆盘、牧场和洒水器）。这些结果主要支持了我们的假设，促进了对季节和管理驱动因素如何影响地中海农业生态系统碳循环的理解，并为监测和管理CO₂提供了实用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Bi2O3@folic acid nanoparticles: An effective sonosensitizer for melanoma sonodynamic therapy Bi2O3@folic酸性纳米粒子：黑色素瘤声动力治疗的有效声敏剂

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104741

M. Sarani , H. Haghighi , P. Tamaddon , M. Darroudi , A. Safari , S.A. Dastgheib , N. Sattarahmady

Nanosized materials demonstrate considerable promise in sonodynamic therapy (SDT), particularly in addressing the limitations of conventional cancer treatments. This study focuses on the synthesis of bismuth oxide and folic acid (FA)-functionalized bismuth oxide NPs (FA-bismuth oxide NPs), using Rheum turkestanicum extracts as an eco-friendly method. Characterization of the synthesized NPs was performed using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Crystallite sizes of bismuth oxide and FA-bismuth oxide NPs were obtained as 43.42 and 57.90 nm, respectively, suggesting that FA incorporation facilitated particle growth. Additionally, FA modified the morphology of bismuth oxide NPs, transforming them from an amorphous structure to a conical-like shape in FA-bismuth oxide NPs. SDT effects of bismuth oxide and FA-bismuth oxide NPs on C540 (B16/F10) melanoma cells were evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glutathione degradation, apoptosis induction, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell migration suppression, and spheroid formation analyses. In vivo hemocompatibility in balb/c mice was also performed. Notably, FA-bismuth oxide NPs produced elevated level of ROS, leading to a marked reduction in intracellular glutathione level, and increased apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane potential decrement. The FA-bismuth oxide NPs also had in vivo hemocompatibility, and demonstrated in vitro enhanced therapeutic efficacy by significant inhibiting both cell migration and deep penetration in the spheroid. These findings established FA-bismuth oxide NPs as a highly effective sonosensitizer, offering potential advantages for SDT-based cancer treatments.

纳米材料在声动力治疗（SDT）中表现出相当大的前景，特别是在解决传统癌症治疗的局限性方面。本研究以大黄提取物为原料，以生态友好的方式合成氧化铋和叶酸功能化氧化铋NPs （FA-铋氧化物NPs）。采用粉末x射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、能量色散x射线光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、动态光散射、zeta电位测量和紫外可见光谱对合成的NPs进行了表征。氧化铋和FA-氧化铋NPs的晶粒尺寸分别为43.42和57.90 nm，表明FA的加入促进了颗粒的生长。此外，FA修饰了氧化铋NPs的形态，使其从无定形结构转变为FA-氧化铋NPs的圆锥形结构。通过体外细胞毒性实验、活性氧（ROS）生成、谷胱甘肽降解、细胞凋亡诱导、线粒体膜电位、细胞迁移抑制和球体形成分析，评估氧化铋和fa -氧化铋NPs对C540 （B16/F10）黑色素瘤细胞的SDT作用。balb/c小鼠体内血液相容性测定。值得注意的是，fa -铋氧化物NPs产生ROS水平升高，导致细胞内谷胱甘肽水平显著降低，并通过线粒体膜电位衰减增加凋亡。fa -铋氧化物NPs还具有体内血液相容性，并通过显著抑制细胞迁移和在球体中的深度渗透而显示出体外增强的治疗效果。这些发现证实了fa -铋氧化物NPs是一种高效的声敏剂，为基于sdt的癌症治疗提供了潜在的优势。

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引用次数: 0