Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1177/27538796231174825
L. Odgaard, Kathryn C. Lavelle
Numerous scientific investigations and multilateral efforts have contributed to our understanding of environmental challenges and how to deal with them; yet little effective and coordinated action has been taken. We review existing literature on climate clubs and on international society in the English School of international relations in order to assess how environmental and security risks can result in the formation of international institutions that seek to transcend the free-rider problem. We then ask what factors explain the emergence of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) adopted in 2014, and how powerful states worked through the Arctic Council (AC) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) to establish it. We identify three parameters with respect to the shipping industry and Arctic region that made this advance possible at the nexus of environment and security: the identification of culprits, great power interest, and the socio-economic context. We find a degree of success even when substantive differences exist both inside and outside of the region and industry. Thus, the case study points to important applications of these parameters for future environmental peacebuilding.
{"title":"The Arctic Council, the International Maritime Organization, and the Polar Code","authors":"L. Odgaard, Kathryn C. Lavelle","doi":"10.1177/27538796231174825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27538796231174825","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous scientific investigations and multilateral efforts have contributed to our understanding of environmental challenges and how to deal with them; yet little effective and coordinated action has been taken. We review existing literature on climate clubs and on international society in the English School of international relations in order to assess how environmental and security risks can result in the formation of international institutions that seek to transcend the free-rider problem. We then ask what factors explain the emergence of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) adopted in 2014, and how powerful states worked through the Arctic Council (AC) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) to establish it. We identify three parameters with respect to the shipping industry and Arctic region that made this advance possible at the nexus of environment and security: the identification of culprits, great power interest, and the socio-economic context. We find a degree of success even when substantive differences exist both inside and outside of the region and industry. Thus, the case study points to important applications of these parameters for future environmental peacebuilding.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80638854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-06DOI: 10.1177/27538796231167286
Rita Floyd
{"title":"Book Review: Contemporary traditional, critical, and Critical environmental security studies explained and evaluated via three books","authors":"Rita Floyd","doi":"10.1177/27538796231167286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27538796231167286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73887701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1177/27538796221143850
T. Ide
Sampling bias poses enormous challenges to research as it can undermine the validity of results, cause significant knowledge gaps, result in research that is driven by convenience rather than need and limit the ability to provide policy advice. In this study, I assess potential sampling biases in the rapidly emerging research field of environmental peacebuilding based on a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature. The field frequently engages with difficult cases which are hard to access and/or unlikely to confirm theories, hence reducing concerns about sampling by convenience and result validity. By contrast, there are clear knowledge gaps regarding countries highly vulnerable to environmental change, regarding the Pacific region and Latin America, regarding intra-state peacebuilding dynamics in Asia, and regarding countries with weak or isolated civil societies. Voices from the Global South and female scholars are relatively well represented, but further improvements are desirable. Addressing these issues would support environmental peacebuilding in challenging one-sided environment-conflict narratives, adding to the wider peacebuilding literature, and providing policy advice on sustainable peace.
{"title":"Sampling bias in environmental peacebuilding research","authors":"T. Ide","doi":"10.1177/27538796221143850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27538796221143850","url":null,"abstract":"Sampling bias poses enormous challenges to research as it can undermine the validity of results, cause significant knowledge gaps, result in research that is driven by convenience rather than need and limit the ability to provide policy advice. In this study, I assess potential sampling biases in the rapidly emerging research field of environmental peacebuilding based on a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature. The field frequently engages with difficult cases which are hard to access and/or unlikely to confirm theories, hence reducing concerns about sampling by convenience and result validity. By contrast, there are clear knowledge gaps regarding countries highly vulnerable to environmental change, regarding the Pacific region and Latin America, regarding intra-state peacebuilding dynamics in Asia, and regarding countries with weak or isolated civil societies. Voices from the Global South and female scholars are relatively well represented, but further improvements are desirable. Addressing these issues would support environmental peacebuilding in challenging one-sided environment-conflict narratives, adding to the wider peacebuilding literature, and providing policy advice on sustainable peace.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89049362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1177/27538796221149609
A. Swain, Carl E. Bruch, T. Ide, Päivi Lujala, R. Matthew, Erika Weinthal
Our complex, globalized world has created an environment that presents new challenges to countries striving for peace and security. While inter-state wars have become less frequent in the last 50 years, civil wars have become more common and intractable. Today the number of internal armed conflicts is rising, and fatalities are also increasing after years of decline (Davies et al., 2022). Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and various human rights violations continue to endanger peace and security subnationally, nationally, regionally, and globally. Racism and xenophobia are being used to divide people and societies; and rising political and social polarization is leading to violence in many countries or regions
当今世界复杂、全球化，给各国谋求和平与安全带来了新的挑战。虽然在过去的50年里，国家间的战争变得不那么频繁了，但内战却变得更加普遍和棘手。如今，国内武装冲突的数量正在上升，死亡人数在多年下降后也在增加(Davies et al.， 2022)。种族灭绝、危害人类罪、战争罪和各种侵犯人权行为继续危害着次国家、国家、区域和全球的和平与安全。种族主义和仇外心理被用来分裂人民和社会;不断加剧的政治和社会两极分化正在导致许多国家或地区发生暴力事件
{"title":"Environment and security in the 21st century","authors":"A. Swain, Carl E. Bruch, T. Ide, Päivi Lujala, R. Matthew, Erika Weinthal","doi":"10.1177/27538796221149609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27538796221149609","url":null,"abstract":"Our complex, globalized world has created an environment that presents new challenges to countries striving for peace and security. While inter-state wars have become less frequent in the last 50 years, civil wars have become more common and intractable. Today the number of internal armed conflicts is rising, and fatalities are also increasing after years of decline (Davies et al., 2022). Genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and various human rights violations continue to endanger peace and security subnationally, nationally, regionally, and globally. Racism and xenophobia are being used to divide people and societies; and rising political and social polarization is leading to violence in many countries or regions","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2023.199013.1213
T. El-Gaafarey, Samar S. A. Elsayed, S. El-Nahrawy
{"title":"Enhancement the productivity of teosintina, Millet and Sourgham crops for resistance to common smut and downy mildew diseases","authors":"T. El-Gaafarey, Samar S. A. Elsayed, S. El-Nahrawy","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2023.199013.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2023.199013.1213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79414563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2023.219835.1222
Amany K. Elhabbak, Amira El-mehy
{"title":"Eco-friendly treatments for weed control in maize fields intercropped with cowpea","authors":"Amany K. Elhabbak, Amira El-mehy","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2023.219835.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2023.219835.1222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82645735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2023.228951.1227
Hitham Nemeat Alla, Samar Helmy, Noran Bassiony
WO field experiments were carried out in sandy soil at Wady El-Natron, Beheira Governorate, Egypt , at (30° 23' 09'' N: 30° 25' 31'' E. 23 m above sea level) in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons to evaluate the performance of three sugar beet varieties and their response to different levels of nitrogen and zinc fertilization, on growth, yield, and quality. The present work included twenty-seven treatments, which were the combinations of three multi-germ sugar beet varieties namely Aladdin, Lulu and Zoom; three nitrogen levels (70, 95 and 120 kg/fed) and three levels of zinc (zero, 2.25 and 4.50 g/L zinc sulphate). Randomized complete block design in a split-split plot arrangement was used. The results showed that the Zoom variety outperformed the other ones, producing the thickest and heaviest roots with the highest sucrose, extracted sugar percentages, root, top and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons. Fertilizing beets with 120 kg N/fed increased root diameter, fresh weight/plant, LAI, root, top and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons. Adding 95 kg N/fed produced the highest extracted sugar, sucrose percentages and quality index, in both seasons. Spraying beets with 4.50 g/L zinc gave the highest values of root diameter, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages, root, top, and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons. The highest values of root diameter, root and sugar yields/fed were obtained by fertilizing the Zoom variety with 120 kg N/fed and spraying 4.50 g/L zinc sulphate.
{"title":"Response of Some Sugar Beet Varieties to Nitrogen and Zinc Application in Sandy Soil","authors":"Hitham Nemeat Alla, Samar Helmy, Noran Bassiony","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2023.228951.1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2023.228951.1227","url":null,"abstract":"WO field experiments were carried out in sandy soil at Wady El-Natron, Beheira Governorate, Egypt , at (30° 23' 09'' N: 30° 25' 31'' E. 23 m above sea level) in 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons to evaluate the performance of three sugar beet varieties and their response to different levels of nitrogen and zinc fertilization, on growth, yield, and quality. The present work included twenty-seven treatments, which were the combinations of three multi-germ sugar beet varieties namely Aladdin, Lulu and Zoom; three nitrogen levels (70, 95 and 120 kg/fed) and three levels of zinc (zero, 2.25 and 4.50 g/L zinc sulphate). Randomized complete block design in a split-split plot arrangement was used. The results showed that the Zoom variety outperformed the other ones, producing the thickest and heaviest roots with the highest sucrose, extracted sugar percentages, root, top and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons. Fertilizing beets with 120 kg N/fed increased root diameter, fresh weight/plant, LAI, root, top and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons. Adding 95 kg N/fed produced the highest extracted sugar, sucrose percentages and quality index, in both seasons. Spraying beets with 4.50 g/L zinc gave the highest values of root diameter, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages, root, top, and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons. The highest values of root diameter, root and sugar yields/fed were obtained by fertilizing the Zoom variety with 120 kg N/fed and spraying 4.50 g/L zinc sulphate.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135753589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2023.197433.1211
G. Farahat, Mohamed Sehsahb, N. Salama
{"title":"Scop in Ag, Zn, Ti nanoparticles bioproduction by pathogenic fungi , antimicrobial , agricultural applications, toxicity and safety","authors":"G. Farahat, Mohamed Sehsahb, N. Salama","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2023.197433.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2023.197433.1211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74143365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2023.222204.1224
Ihab M. Farid, Omar H. M. El-Hussieny, R. El-Shinawy, H. Abbas, Mohamed Abbas, M. Bassouny
{"title":"Impacts of P inputs on availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and Se in soils","authors":"Ihab M. Farid, Omar H. M. El-Hussieny, R. El-Shinawy, H. Abbas, Mohamed Abbas, M. Bassouny","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2023.222204.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2023.222204.1224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81995530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2023.221177.1223
Ihab M. Farid, M. Abbas, Ahmed El-Ghozoli
{"title":"Increasing Wheat Production in Arid Soils: Integrated Management of chemical, Organic- and Bio P and K-inputs","authors":"Ihab M. Farid, M. Abbas, Ahmed El-Ghozoli","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2023.221177.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2023.221177.1223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77721731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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