The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) consists of phylogenetically distinct pathogenic species. Isolates from various regions display genetic variety worldwide. Three type B trichothecene chemotypes have been identified within the FGSC: nivalenol, 3-deoxynivalenol and 15-deoxynivalenol. The variations in morphological, genetic and virulence traits of FGSC fungi can be attributed mainly to their geographic boundaries. The geographic range of host plants, type of farming system and weather conditions also influence the prevalence of FGSC taxa. The geographic distribution of FGSC members may reflect not
{"title":"Chemotypes and geographic distribution of the Fusarium graminearum species complex","authors":"S. Przemieniecki, T. Kurowski, K. Korzekwa","doi":"10.14799/EBMS241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS241","url":null,"abstract":"The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) consists of phylogenetically distinct pathogenic species. Isolates from various regions display genetic variety worldwide. Three type B trichothecene chemotypes have been identified within the FGSC: nivalenol, 3-deoxynivalenol and 15-deoxynivalenol. The variations in morphological, genetic and virulence traits of FGSC fungi can be attributed mainly to their geographic boundaries. The geographic range of host plants, type of farming system and weather conditions also influence the prevalence of FGSC taxa. The geographic distribution of FGSC members may reflect not","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86801545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Stolarski, M. Krzyżaniak, M. Śnieg, M. Christou, E. Alexopoulou
abyssinica grown in two variants (with and without herbicides). In addition, the quality of by-products (straw and cake) as energy feedstocks was evaluated. Costs of production of Crambe abyssinica seeds in the variant with herbicides were nearly 140€·ha-1 higher than in the variant without herbicides. The yield of pure seeds was by over 110kg·ha-1 higher in the herbicidetreated variant than in the treatment without weed control. However, the yield of straw was higher on fields without application of herbicides, but that straw had a higher moisture content due to the presence of weeds. The lower heating value of crambe straw was 15.3MJ·kg-1 on average and the straw content of ash was 5.68% D.M. The cake obtained from the crop had a much higher lower heating value (21.95MJ·kg-1) and ash content 6.41% D.M. Moreover, it was found to contain much more carbon and hydrogen, as well as five-fold more sulfur than straw. Production costs and residues evaluation of Crambe abyssinica as an energy feedstock*
{"title":"Production costs and residues evaluation of Crambe abyssinica as an energy feedstock","authors":"M. Stolarski, M. Krzyżaniak, M. Śnieg, M. Christou, E. Alexopoulou","doi":"10.14799/EBMS219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS219","url":null,"abstract":"abyssinica grown in two variants (with and without herbicides). In addition, the quality of by-products (straw and cake) as energy feedstocks was evaluated. Costs of production of Crambe abyssinica seeds in the variant with herbicides were nearly 140€·ha-1 higher than in the variant without herbicides. The yield of pure seeds was by over 110kg·ha-1 higher in the herbicidetreated variant than in the treatment without weed control. However, the yield of straw was higher on fields without application of herbicides, but that straw had a higher moisture content due to the presence of weeds. The lower heating value of crambe straw was 15.3MJ·kg-1 on average and the straw content of ash was 5.68% D.M. The cake obtained from the crop had a much higher lower heating value (21.95MJ·kg-1) and ash content 6.41% D.M. Moreover, it was found to contain much more carbon and hydrogen, as well as five-fold more sulfur than straw. Production costs and residues evaluation of Crambe abyssinica as an energy feedstock*","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87406108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moustogianni, Stamatia Bellou, I. Triantaphyllidou, G. Aggelis
∆9C18:1/C18:0, ∆9,12C18:2/∆9C18:1 and ∆6,9,12C18:3/∆9,12C18:2 used as indices for ∆9, ∆12 and ∆6 desaturase activity, respectively, we suggest that in the presence of EO, the activity of ∆9 desaturase involved in the desaturation of stearic acid was significantly increased. During this process both ∆12 and ∆6 desaturases involved in the desaturation of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively, decreased. We conclude that EO could be used for the in vivo modification of microbial lipids. Alterations in fatty acid composition of Cunninghamella echinulata lipids induced by orange essential oil
{"title":"Alterations in fatty acid composition of Cunninghamella echinulata lipids induced by orange essential oil","authors":"A. Moustogianni, Stamatia Bellou, I. Triantaphyllidou, G. Aggelis","doi":"10.14799/EBMS237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS237","url":null,"abstract":"∆9C18:1/C18:0, ∆9,12C18:2/∆9C18:1 and ∆6,9,12C18:3/∆9,12C18:2 used as indices for ∆9, ∆12 and ∆6 desaturase activity, respectively, we suggest that in the presence of EO, the activity of ∆9 desaturase involved in the desaturation of stearic acid was significantly increased. During this process both ∆12 and ∆6 desaturases involved in the desaturation of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively, decreased. We conclude that EO could be used for the in vivo modification of microbial lipids. Alterations in fatty acid composition of Cunninghamella echinulata lipids induced by orange essential oil","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78409581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eutrophication of marine- and fresh-waters can lead to excessive development of cyanobacterial blooms, which may contain strains that produce toxins. These toxins are secondary metabolites which can accumulate in the food chain and contaminate drinking water, thus posing a potential threat to the health of humans and aquatic organisms. These toxins include a variety of compounds with different mechanisms. This review focuses on the neurotoxicity of microcystin and other cyanotoxins. Although the hepatotoxic action of microcystins is commonly known, its neurotoxic effects have also been described, e.g. oxidative stress, cytoskeletal changes and
{"title":"Neurotoxicity of cyanobacterial toxins","authors":"M. Florczyk, A. Łakomiak, M. Woźny, P. Brzuzan","doi":"10.14799/EBMS246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS246","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication of marine- and fresh-waters can lead to excessive development of cyanobacterial blooms, which may contain strains that produce toxins. These toxins are secondary metabolites which can accumulate in the food chain and contaminate drinking water, thus posing a potential threat to the health of humans and aquatic organisms. These toxins include a variety of compounds with different mechanisms. This review focuses on the neurotoxicity of microcystin and other cyanotoxins. Although the hepatotoxic action of microcystins is commonly known, its neurotoxic effects have also been described, e.g. oxidative stress, cytoskeletal changes and","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88511026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Urniaz, Ewelina Rutkowska, J. Jastrzębski, Paweł Książek, K. Rudnicka
Over the last few decades significant increase in computational methods ( in silico ) was annotated. Novel methods have been developed and applied for hypothesis improvement and testing in regions of industrial, pharmaceutical and environmental research. The term in silico methods include variety of approaches. Considerable attention has been attracted to databases, data analysis tools, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacophore models, molecular docking and dynamics, pharmacokinetics and other molecular modelling techniques. In silico methods are often accompanied
{"title":"Molecular modelling techniques in environmental research","authors":"R. Urniaz, Ewelina Rutkowska, J. Jastrzębski, Paweł Książek, K. Rudnicka","doi":"10.14799/EBMS198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS198","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few decades significant increase in computational methods ( in silico ) was annotated. Novel methods have been developed and applied for hypothesis improvement and testing in regions of industrial, pharmaceutical and environmental research. The term in silico methods include variety of approaches. Considerable attention has been attracted to databases, data analysis tools, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacophore models, molecular docking and dynamics, pharmacokinetics and other molecular modelling techniques. In silico methods are often accompanied","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Woźny, M. Kowal, S. Ciesielski, M. Florczyk, R. Wiśniewski, E. Malicka, P. Brzuzan
Identification of differentially expressed genes that could be potentially used as biomarkers of PAH exposure of common invertebrate animal (like freshwater snail) would be a valuable resource for investigators interested in toxicology and biomonitoring of aquatic environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate effects of waterborne benzo[ a]pyrene (B[ a]P) exposure on mRNA expression in the pond snail’s (Lymnaea stagnalis ) hepatopancreatic gland. Toward this end, mature individuals of pond snail ( L. stagnalis ) were treated with 50µM B[ a]P solution in a short 36h static exposure test. Differential Display PCR (DD-PCR) was used to generate a unique cDNA fingerprint of genes that were differentially expressed in the tissues of exposed and unexposed snails. To assess the putative identity of the isolated cDNA amplicons (ESTs), BLAST queries were performed to find similarities in their nucleotide sequence. Real-Time qPCR analysis was used to verify the DDPCR expression profile. Finally, an additional independent exposure study, including higher dose of B[ a]P (100µM), was conducted to validate the expression of selected ESTs. BLAST
{"title":"cDNA fingerprint from the hepatopancreatic glands of pond snails (Lymnaea stagnalis ) exposed to benzo( a)pyrene","authors":"M. Woźny, M. Kowal, S. Ciesielski, M. Florczyk, R. Wiśniewski, E. Malicka, P. Brzuzan","doi":"10.14799/EBMS229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS229","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of differentially expressed genes that could be potentially used as biomarkers of PAH exposure of common invertebrate animal (like freshwater snail) would be a valuable resource for investigators interested in toxicology and biomonitoring of aquatic environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate effects of waterborne benzo[ a]pyrene (B[ a]P) exposure on mRNA expression in the pond snail’s (Lymnaea stagnalis ) hepatopancreatic gland. Toward this end, mature individuals of pond snail ( L. stagnalis ) were treated with 50µM B[ a]P solution in a short 36h static exposure test. Differential Display PCR (DD-PCR) was used to generate a unique cDNA fingerprint of genes that were differentially expressed in the tissues of exposed and unexposed snails. To assess the putative identity of the isolated cDNA amplicons (ESTs), BLAST queries were performed to find similarities in their nucleotide sequence. Real-Time qPCR analysis was used to verify the DDPCR expression profile. Finally, an additional independent exposure study, including higher dose of B[ a]P (100µM), was conducted to validate the expression of selected ESTs. BLAST","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81632614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
pooled analysis of the frequency of binucleated cells and condensed chromatin cells in 18 studied women, statistically significant differences were noted only in epithelial cells from the oral cavity in comparison to those of the urinary tract. Non-pooled results demonstrated no differences in cytogenetic damage frequency in cells collected from the oral cavity and isolated from the urine. The lack of differences in the observed frequencies of micronuclei in buccal and urothelial cells could be an effect of the small size of the sampled group, smoking pattern of the women and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Micronucleus assay in epithelial cells from the oral cavity
{"title":"Micronucleus assay in epithelial cells from the oral cavity and urinary tract in female smokers and non-smokers","authors":"E. Błaszczyk, Danuta Mielżyńska-Švach","doi":"10.14799/EBMS248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS248","url":null,"abstract":"pooled analysis of the frequency of binucleated cells and condensed chromatin cells in 18 studied women, statistically significant differences were noted only in epithelial cells from the oral cavity in comparison to those of the urinary tract. Non-pooled results demonstrated no differences in cytogenetic damage frequency in cells collected from the oral cavity and isolated from the urine. The lack of differences in the observed frequencies of micronuclei in buccal and urothelial cells could be an effect of the small size of the sampled group, smoking pattern of the women and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Micronucleus assay in epithelial cells from the oral cavity","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86806650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Krzyżaniak, M. Stolarski, M. Śnieg, M. Christou, E. Alexopoulou
For decades, energy and chemical industry markets have been dominated by resources acquired from fossil fuels. The resources are steadily shrinking and access to them is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, alternative methods of producing fuels or chemicals from renewable sources are being sought. The crambe ( Crambe abyssinica ) is an oil plant with a high content of erucic acid, regarded as a feedstock for integrated biorefineries. Production of fuels or chemicals from biomass should be conducted in a sustainable way. Therefore, the aim of the study was to use the life cycle assessment method to determine the impact on the environment of the production of crambe
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of Crambe abyssinica production for an integrated multi-product biorefinery","authors":"M. Krzyżaniak, M. Stolarski, M. Śnieg, M. Christou, E. Alexopoulou","doi":"10.14799/EBMS220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS220","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, energy and chemical industry markets have been dominated by resources acquired from fossil fuels. The resources are steadily shrinking and access to them is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, alternative methods of producing fuels or chemicals from renewable sources are being sought. The crambe ( Crambe abyssinica ) is an oil plant with a high content of erucic acid, regarded as a feedstock for integrated biorefineries. Production of fuels or chemicals from biomass should be conducted in a sustainable way. Therefore, the aim of the study was to use the life cycle assessment method to determine the impact on the environment of the production of crambe","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80640439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
exposure, the cells of fish showed signs of destructive processes: strong vacuolization of cytoplasm and partial destruction of the cell membrane. In the cell nucleus the chromatin was condensed, the perinuclear space had expanded and the nuclear membrane had been partly destroyed. In another experiment, stone sculpin and perch were first exposed to phenol for 30 days and then they were kept for another 30 days in water without phenol. In the kidneys and spleen of stone sculpin the processes of lymphopoiesis were observed, whereas in perch the processes of lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis occurred. Ultrastructural changes in blood cells in the hematopoietic organs of Lake Baikal fish exposed to phenol
{"title":"Ultrastructural changes in blood cells in the hematopoietic organs of Lake Baikal fish exposed to phenol","authors":"V. Yakhnenko, I. Klimenkov, A. Belyshenko","doi":"10.14799/EBMS223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14799/EBMS223","url":null,"abstract":"exposure, the cells of fish showed signs of destructive processes: strong vacuolization of cytoplasm and partial destruction of the cell membrane. In the cell nucleus the chromatin was condensed, the perinuclear space had expanded and the nuclear membrane had been partly destroyed. In another experiment, stone sculpin and perch were first exposed to phenol for 30 days and then they were kept for another 30 days in water without phenol. In the kidneys and spleen of stone sculpin the processes of lymphopoiesis were observed, whereas in perch the processes of lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis occurred. Ultrastructural changes in blood cells in the hematopoietic organs of Lake Baikal fish exposed to phenol","PeriodicalId":11733,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89247296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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