Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0701003
Workishet Taye
Weeds are important hosts of insect pests and pathogens in agroecosystems. Van Emden and Dabrowski (1997) cites 442 references relating to weeds as reservoirs of pests. More than seventy families of arthropods affecting crops were reported as being primarily weeds associated (Bendixen and Horn, 1981). Many pest outbreaks can be traced to locally abundant weeds belonging to the same family as the affected crop plants. Many insect pests are sufficiently polyphagous and thus, weeds unrelated to the crop may also be pest reservoirs. For example, Aphis gossypii feeds on over twenty unrelated weed species within and around cotton fields. Weedy plants near crop fields can provide requisites for pest outbreaks. Gliessman (2001) reported that weed borders are used in an agroecosystem to attract insects, facilitating colonization in the adjacent cauliflower crop.
{"title":"Effect of Weed Management on Insect Pest Population on Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) At Werer, Ethiopia","authors":"Workishet Taye","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0701003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0701003","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are important hosts of insect pests and pathogens in agroecosystems. Van Emden and Dabrowski (1997) cites 442 references relating to weeds as reservoirs of pests. More than seventy families of arthropods affecting crops were reported as being primarily weeds associated (Bendixen and Horn, 1981). Many pest outbreaks can be traced to locally abundant weeds belonging to the same family as the affected crop plants. Many insect pests are sufficiently polyphagous and thus, weeds unrelated to the crop may also be pest reservoirs. For example, Aphis gossypii feeds on over twenty unrelated weed species within and around cotton fields. Weedy plants near crop fields can provide requisites for pest outbreaks. Gliessman (2001) reported that weed borders are used in an agroecosystem to attract insects, facilitating colonization in the adjacent cauliflower crop.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127362353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0309002
Wakuma Merga
Broadly, participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the development of a plant breeding program in collaboration between breeders and farmers, marketers, processors, consumers, and policy makers (food security, health and nutrition, employment)(Ceccarelli, 2012). In the context of plant breeding in the developing world, PPB is breeding that involves close farmer-researcher collaboration to bring about plant genetic improvement within a species. PPB is a strategy for plant breeding with its own set of methodologies that applies in situations where the demand for specific varietal traits among producers, traders, industries and consumers is poorly understood and difficult to diagnose with conventional market research methods. Depending on who controls the breeding process (researchers or farmers) and the scale on which the work is undertaken (community-centered or research to extrapolate results) two broad categories are usually differentiated: 'farmer-led' and 'formal-led' PPB(Probst, 2016).
{"title":"Review on Participatory Plant Breeding","authors":"Wakuma Merga","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0309002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0309002","url":null,"abstract":"Broadly, participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the development of a plant breeding program in collaboration between breeders and farmers, marketers, processors, consumers, and policy makers (food security, health and nutrition, employment)(Ceccarelli, 2012). In the context of plant breeding in the developing world, PPB is breeding that involves close farmer-researcher collaboration to bring about plant genetic improvement within a species. PPB is a strategy for plant breeding with its own set of methodologies that applies in situations where the demand for specific varietal traits among producers, traders, industries and consumers is poorly understood and difficult to diagnose with conventional market research methods. Depending on who controls the breeding process (researchers or farmers) and the scale on which the work is undertaken (community-centered or research to extrapolate results) two broad categories are usually differentiated: 'farmer-led' and 'formal-led' PPB(Probst, 2016).","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114266628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0510001
I. Arsana, Made J.Mejaya
International rice experts argue that Green Revolution technology negatively impacts soil physicalchemical conditions and calls thwas phenomenon soil soil fatigue or soil sickness. There was a tendency for input efficiency to be lower. To achieve the same level of rice production, more inputs were needed, and the rate of increase in production tends to be sloping, even decreasing (Fagi et.al, 2009). The interaction of the contribution of water irrigation x superior varieties x fertilizing accounted for 75%. So, even though irrigation water contributes the most, but it does not have a big impact if it was not planted with superior varieties, and superior varieties need high-dose fertilization. In total irrigated rice accounts for around 54% of national rice production (FAO, 1996; Huke and Huke, 1998).
国际水稻专家认为，绿色革命技术会对土壤的物理化学条件产生负面影响，并将这种现象称为土壤疲劳或土壤疾病。投入效率有降低的趋势。为了达到相同的水稻产量水平，需要更多的投入，产量的增长率趋于倾斜，甚至下降(Fagi et.al, 2009)。灌水+优势品种+施肥互作贡献占75%。因此，即使灌溉用水贡献最大，但如果不种植优良品种，影响也不大，而优良品种需要大剂量施肥。总的来说，灌溉水稻约占全国水稻产量的54%(粮农组织，1996;Huke and Huke, 1998)。
{"title":"Intermitten Irrigation on Rice Varieties in Watersheds","authors":"I. Arsana, Made J.Mejaya","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0510001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0510001","url":null,"abstract":"International rice experts argue that Green Revolution technology negatively impacts soil physicalchemical conditions and calls thwas phenomenon soil soil fatigue or soil sickness. There was a tendency for input efficiency to be lower. To achieve the same level of rice production, more inputs were needed, and the rate of increase in production tends to be sloping, even decreasing (Fagi et.al, 2009). The interaction of the contribution of water irrigation x superior varieties x fertilizing accounted for 75%. So, even though irrigation water contributes the most, but it does not have a big impact if it was not planted with superior varieties, and superior varieties need high-dose fertilization. In total irrigated rice accounts for around 54% of national rice production (FAO, 1996; Huke and Huke, 1998).","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122291708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0306003
I. Bushara, Hind A.Salih, A. Idris, O. Abdelhadi, M. Elemam, Dafalla M.Mekki
Thirty five male and female Sudan Desert and Taggar goat kids has been investigated to study the effect of sex of kids on birth weight, growth rate and weaning weight of Desert and Taggar goats under traditional management system depended on natural grazing in South Kordofan state at Al Debabat locality. The result revealed that Desert male kids had significantly (p<0.0l) higher birth weight (2.25±0.08kg) than Taggar male kids (2.00±0.06 kg) and Taggar female kids had a significantly (p<0.0l) lower birth weight (1.91±0.04) than Desert female kids (2.08±0.10 kg).The growth rate for three month of age was significantly (p<0.0l) higher for desert male and female kids compared with male and female of Taggar kids. Large body weight gain per day (p<0.0l) scored by Desert kid. Sex of kids had higher significantly (p<0.0l) effect on body weight at weaning, where Desert male kids had significantly (p<0.0l) higher weaning weight (11.88±0.45kg) than Taggar male kids (8.70±0.20 kg) and Desert female kids had a significantly (p<0.0l) higher weaning weight (10.07±0.20) than Taggar female kids (8.12±0.28 kg). Also there was significantly (p<0.0l) higher between male and female of Desert kids.
{"title":"Effect of Sex of Desert and Taggar Kids on Growth Performance under Extensive System in South Kordofan State","authors":"I. Bushara, Hind A.Salih, A. Idris, O. Abdelhadi, M. Elemam, Dafalla M.Mekki","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0306003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0306003","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty five male and female Sudan Desert and Taggar goat kids has been investigated to study the effect of sex of kids on birth weight, growth rate and weaning weight of Desert and Taggar goats under traditional management system depended on natural grazing in South Kordofan state at Al Debabat locality. The result revealed that Desert male kids had significantly (p<0.0l) higher birth weight (2.25±0.08kg) than Taggar male kids (2.00±0.06 kg) and Taggar female kids had a significantly (p<0.0l) lower birth weight (1.91±0.04) than Desert female kids (2.08±0.10 kg).The growth rate for three month of age was significantly (p<0.0l) higher for desert male and female kids compared with male and female of Taggar kids. Large body weight gain per day (p<0.0l) scored by Desert kid. Sex of kids had higher significantly (p<0.0l) effect on body weight at weaning, where Desert male kids had significantly (p<0.0l) higher weaning weight (11.88±0.45kg) than Taggar male kids (8.70±0.20 kg) and Desert female kids had a significantly (p<0.0l) higher weaning weight (10.07±0.20) than Taggar female kids (8.12±0.28 kg). Also there was significantly (p<0.0l) higher between male and female of Desert kids.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122434694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0310001
H. Kheyrodin, Sadafkheyrodin
Pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.), from family Punicaceae, has been traditionally used for thousands of years as a medicinal fruit Fig.1. Mediterranean regions (including Iran, India and Pakistan) have the highest rate of pomegranate cultivation in the world. Based on excavations of the Early Bronze Age (3500–2000 BC), it is believed that the pomegranate was one of the first cultivated fruits for its beneficial properties. Pomegranate was held sacred by many of the world’s major religions and nations. In the Holy Quran, pomegranate has been described as a paradise fruit and a symbol of insurgence and life everlasting in Christian art. In China, pomegranate is widely represented in art symbolizing fertility, posterity, abundance, numerous and virtuous offspring, and a blessed future. It was also a symbol of invincibility in battle by the Persians 7-9 . For over 4,000 years, human beings have cultivated pomegranate for its medicinal properties. Juice, seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and roots of pomegranate have various effects. Lowering fever, treating diabetes, anthelmintic, anti-diarrhea, blood tonic, stopping the bleeding, and healing ulcers are the most important traditional uses of pomegranate 10-14 .
{"title":"Important of Pomegranates in Iran","authors":"H. Kheyrodin, Sadafkheyrodin","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0310001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0310001","url":null,"abstract":"Pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.), from family Punicaceae, has been traditionally used for thousands of years as a medicinal fruit Fig.1. Mediterranean regions (including Iran, India and Pakistan) have the highest rate of pomegranate cultivation in the world. Based on excavations of the Early Bronze Age (3500–2000 BC), it is believed that the pomegranate was one of the first cultivated fruits for its beneficial properties. Pomegranate was held sacred by many of the world’s major religions and nations. In the Holy Quran, pomegranate has been described as a paradise fruit and a symbol of insurgence and life everlasting in Christian art. In China, pomegranate is widely represented in art symbolizing fertility, posterity, abundance, numerous and virtuous offspring, and a blessed future. It was also a symbol of invincibility in battle by the Persians 7-9 . For over 4,000 years, human beings have cultivated pomegranate for its medicinal properties. Juice, seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and roots of pomegranate have various effects. Lowering fever, treating diabetes, anthelmintic, anti-diarrhea, blood tonic, stopping the bleeding, and healing ulcers are the most important traditional uses of pomegranate 10-14 .","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122237685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0702003
Birhanu Mengistu Aboye
Niger seed is among the most important oilseeds in Ethiopian Agriculture. The genetic divergence of niger seed genotypes collected from diverse ecologies of Ethiopia were evaluated using simple lattice design based on 12 quantitative traits to assess the genetic diversity of Ethiopian niger seed genotypes using multivariate techniques. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five distinct groups. Each group showed admixtures of accessions rather than traceable patterns of geographical origin. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and V (D2=94.75) and the lowest divergence was observed between cluster II and IV (D2=19.80). The first five Principle components explained 81 % of the total variation. The first component strongly influenced by days to flowering (-0.438) and number of head (0.377). Component two highly influenced by yield per plot (-0.542) and oil content (-0.532). Number of seed per head (0.623), number of primary branch and days to maturity (0.651) strongly influence component three, four and five respectively. Therefore, the study indicates the existence of genetic divergence among the tested genotypes and the possibility to identify divergent material with desirable agronomic features for the development of new superior niger seed cultivars through hybridization and selection by crossing accessions from different clusters.
{"title":"Cluster, Divergence and Principal Component Analysis of Niger seed (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.) Genotypes","authors":"Birhanu Mengistu Aboye","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0702003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0702003","url":null,"abstract":"Niger seed is among the most important oilseeds in Ethiopian Agriculture. The genetic divergence of niger seed genotypes collected from diverse ecologies of Ethiopia were evaluated using simple lattice design based on 12 quantitative traits to assess the genetic diversity of Ethiopian niger seed genotypes using multivariate techniques. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into five distinct groups. Each group showed admixtures of accessions rather than traceable patterns of geographical origin. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and V (D2=94.75) and the lowest divergence was observed between cluster II and IV (D2=19.80). The first five Principle components explained 81 % of the total variation. The first component strongly influenced by days to flowering (-0.438) and number of head (0.377). Component two highly influenced by yield per plot (-0.542) and oil content (-0.532). Number of seed per head (0.623), number of primary branch and days to maturity (0.651) strongly influence component three, four and five respectively. Therefore, the study indicates the existence of genetic divergence among the tested genotypes and the possibility to identify divergent material with desirable agronomic features for the development of new superior niger seed cultivars through hybridization and selection by crossing accessions from different clusters.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122813637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0607005
Temesgen Begna
Agriculture is the major economic backbone of the world in improving the livelihood the population and contributing the highest GDP of the world. However, agricultural productivity is limited by diverse biotic and abiotic constraints. Biotic stress is the adverse conditions for crop growth and production caused by biological factors. These are diseases, insects, wild animals, lack of high yielding crop variety and parasitic weeds. These all are the major impeding factors and contributing to the low productivity of crop production. An abiotic stress is the adverse conditions for crop growth and production caused by environmental factors. Such as deficiency or excess of nutrition, moisture, drought, salinity, soil acidity, light, freeze, chill, heat, shortage of agriculture inputs like fertilizers, herbicides and air pollution. All are already important abiotic stress factors that cause large and widespread yield reductions. Crop losses are a major threat to the wellbeing of rural families, to the economy of traders and governments, and to food security worldwide. Agricultural production in the world is characterized by subsistence orientation, low productivity, low level of technology and inputs, lack of infrastructures and market institutions, and extremely vulnerable to rainfall variability. Productivity performance in the agriculture sector is critical to improvement in overall economic well-being in world. Low availability of improved or hybrid seed, lack of seed multiplication capacity, low profitability and efficiency of fertilizer, lack of irrigation development, lack of transport infrastructure, inaccessibility of market and prevalence of land degradation, unfertile soil, over-grazing, deforestation and desertification are among the constraints to agricultural productivity in the world. Future crop yields and global food security may well hinge on the ability of farmers around the world to narrow the gap between current yields and yield potential ceilings, especially as progress in the latter may slow because of climate change and diminishing returns in breeding. Because average crop yields are critical drivers of food prices, food security, and crop land expansion, there is tremendous value in better quantification and understanding of yield gaps. Generally, the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants. Overall, improvement in agricultural sustainability by means of increasing yields of low-input production systems is not only possible, but also urgently needed. By using breeding methods that are geared to the common limitations experienced by farmers around the globe, varieties with superior trait
{"title":"Major Challenging Constraints to Crop Production Farming System and Possible Breeding to Overcome the Constraints","authors":"Temesgen Begna","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0607005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0607005","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the major economic backbone of the world in improving the livelihood the population and contributing the highest GDP of the world. However, agricultural productivity is limited by diverse biotic and abiotic constraints. Biotic stress is the adverse conditions for crop growth and production caused by biological factors. These are diseases, insects, wild animals, lack of high yielding crop variety and parasitic weeds. These all are the major impeding factors and contributing to the low productivity of crop production. An abiotic stress is the adverse conditions for crop growth and production caused by environmental factors. Such as deficiency or excess of nutrition, moisture, drought, salinity, soil acidity, light, freeze, chill, heat, shortage of agriculture inputs like fertilizers, herbicides and air pollution. All are already important abiotic stress factors that cause large and widespread yield reductions. Crop losses are a major threat to the wellbeing of rural families, to the economy of traders and governments, and to food security worldwide. Agricultural production in the world is characterized by subsistence orientation, low productivity, low level of technology and inputs, lack of infrastructures and market institutions, and extremely vulnerable to rainfall variability. Productivity performance in the agriculture sector is critical to improvement in overall economic well-being in world. Low availability of improved or hybrid seed, lack of seed multiplication capacity, low profitability and efficiency of fertilizer, lack of irrigation development, lack of transport infrastructure, inaccessibility of market and prevalence of land degradation, unfertile soil, over-grazing, deforestation and desertification are among the constraints to agricultural productivity in the world. Future crop yields and global food security may well hinge on the ability of farmers around the world to narrow the gap between current yields and yield potential ceilings, especially as progress in the latter may slow because of climate change and diminishing returns in breeding. Because average crop yields are critical drivers of food prices, food security, and crop land expansion, there is tremendous value in better quantification and understanding of yield gaps. Generally, the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants. Overall, improvement in agricultural sustainability by means of increasing yields of low-input production systems is not only possible, but also urgently needed. By using breeding methods that are geared to the common limitations experienced by farmers around the globe, varieties with superior trait","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122709550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0303004
L. N. Londe, Emanuelle Ferreira Melo de Pinho
The work aimed was the characterization of gene expression of the expansins family in C. procera plants subjected to water stress. Plants at five months were subjected to drought stress for 30 days. Were collected leaves and roots, which were washed, frozen in liquid N2 and stored in a freezer at -80°C, until the conclusion of the analysis. Were performed RNA extraction, cDNA obtain and real-time quantitative PCR using specific primers for the expansins gene family CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4. Seedlings of C. procera resist water stress by up to 30 days, with wilting and yellowing of the upper leaves and leaf fall lower. The quantification of RNA ranged from 482,6 ng/μL until 2553,8 ng/ μL. The conversion of the RNA into cDNA showed good quality ranging from 48,8 to 176,1 μL. The expression of the gene expansins family showed significant differences only when this expression was evaluated in the leaves. The roots showed no significant differences between treatments. The highest levels of expression were found in isoforms CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4, where we observed an increase in expression of the same due to water stress.
{"title":"Gene Expression of the Expansin Family in Silk Cotton under Water Stress","authors":"L. N. Londe, Emanuelle Ferreira Melo de Pinho","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0303004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0303004","url":null,"abstract":"The work aimed was the characterization of gene expression of the expansins family in C. procera plants subjected to water stress. Plants at five months were subjected to drought stress for 30 days. Were collected leaves and roots, which were washed, frozen in liquid N2 and stored in a freezer at -80°C, until the conclusion of the analysis. Were performed RNA extraction, cDNA obtain and real-time quantitative PCR using specific primers for the expansins gene family CpEXPA1, CpEXPA2, CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4. Seedlings of C. procera resist water stress by up to 30 days, with wilting and yellowing of the upper leaves and leaf fall lower. The quantification of RNA ranged from 482,6 ng/μL until 2553,8 ng/ μL. The conversion of the RNA into cDNA showed good quality ranging from 48,8 to 176,1 μL. The expression of the gene expansins family showed significant differences only when this expression was evaluated in the leaves. The roots showed no significant differences between treatments. The highest levels of expression were found in isoforms CpEXPA3 and CpEXPA4, where we observed an increase in expression of the same due to water stress.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124468026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0401004
A. Salman, A. Desoky, S. A. Abd-El-Samea, M. Youssef
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the staple foods for the majority of Egyptian farmers. Maize foliage is also a major constituent in cattle feeds. It is cultivated in an area of about 1.7 million feddan annually (Anonymous 2001). Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in much of the developing world. It grows over wider geographical range and different ecological conditions than any other cereal crop, the maize considered to be the second most important cereal crops to wheat on global basis (CIMMYT & EARO, 1999). The annual cultivated area with maize covers about two million feddan. (Mesbah et al., 2002). The Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest threatening maize (Zea mays L.) plants in Egypt Metwally (2015).
{"title":"Larval Feeding and Ovipositional Preference of Sesamia Cretica Led. On Certain Corn Hybrids","authors":"A. Salman, A. Desoky, S. A. Abd-El-Samea, M. Youssef","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0401004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0401004","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the staple foods for the majority of Egyptian farmers. Maize foliage is also a major constituent in cattle feeds. It is cultivated in an area of about 1.7 million feddan annually (Anonymous 2001). Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in much of the developing world. It grows over wider geographical range and different ecological conditions than any other cereal crop, the maize considered to be the second most important cereal crops to wheat on global basis (CIMMYT & EARO, 1999). The annual cultivated area with maize covers about two million feddan. (Mesbah et al., 2002). The Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest threatening maize (Zea mays L.) plants in Egypt Metwally (2015).","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127736185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0707002
Rigin, Lassification, istribution
Sorghum is the most widely cultivated cereal crop in the world, particularly in the semi-arid tropical region of the countries and is staple food crop for millions of the food-insecure people. However, number of biotic and abiotic factors are limiting sorghum grain yield. These constraints are: diseases, drought, soil fertility, and pests, notably parasitic weed striga species. Among biotic stress, striga weed species are one of the most biological constraints which cause yield losses and perturb food security and human welfares in the world. Striga is an important parasitic weed causing substantial economic losses in cereal and legume crop production in subSaharan Africa. Striga spps are obligate root-parasitic plants of the major agricultural cereal crops including sorghum, maize and millets in tropical and semi-arid regions of Africa, Middle East, Asia and Australia. Striga can cause severe to complete losses in crop grain yield. Production of cereal crops such as sorghum, maize, rice and millet is threatened by striga species in different parts of the world particularly in semi-arid tropics of Africa. The percentage of crop yield loss due to striga infestations depends on amount of striga seeds in the soil, distribution of rainfall, soil fertility and variety of cereal species grown. Striga species spend most of their life cycle underground and develop above ground for stem formation and flowering. Striga stands for the principal biological constraints of crop production than any other biological pests such as insects, birds, or plant diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum production in world is seriously constrained by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses is witchweed (Striga spp.), a noxious parasitic weed causing major damage in cereal crops. However, resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant composition provides a sustainable and most effective way for managing the parasitic weeds. Integrated striga management approaches such as a combined use of Striga resistant varieties and Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent of striga, is an option to control the parasite and to boost sorghum productivity. Understanding host gene action influencing striga resistance, with or without FOS treatment, is key to develop improved sorghum varieties with durable resistance and high yield. Varying levels of resistance have been identified and exploited in the breeding programs of several crops. Considerable efforts have been invested in breeding for striga resistance in cereals and significant progress has been made in the development of improved selection methods.
{"title":"Effect of Striga Species on Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L Moench) Production and its Integrated Management Approaches","authors":"Rigin, Lassification, istribution","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0707002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0707002","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum is the most widely cultivated cereal crop in the world, particularly in the semi-arid tropical region of the countries and is staple food crop for millions of the food-insecure people. However, number of biotic and abiotic factors are limiting sorghum grain yield. These constraints are: diseases, drought, soil fertility, and pests, notably parasitic weed striga species. Among biotic stress, striga weed species are one of the most biological constraints which cause yield losses and perturb food security and human welfares in the world. Striga is an important parasitic weed causing substantial economic losses in cereal and legume crop production in subSaharan Africa. Striga spps are obligate root-parasitic plants of the major agricultural cereal crops including sorghum, maize and millets in tropical and semi-arid regions of Africa, Middle East, Asia and Australia. Striga can cause severe to complete losses in crop grain yield. Production of cereal crops such as sorghum, maize, rice and millet is threatened by striga species in different parts of the world particularly in semi-arid tropics of Africa. The percentage of crop yield loss due to striga infestations depends on amount of striga seeds in the soil, distribution of rainfall, soil fertility and variety of cereal species grown. Striga species spend most of their life cycle underground and develop above ground for stem formation and flowering. Striga stands for the principal biological constraints of crop production than any other biological pests such as insects, birds, or plant diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum production in world is seriously constrained by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses is witchweed (Striga spp.), a noxious parasitic weed causing major damage in cereal crops. However, resistance through reduced germination stimulant production or altered germination stimulant composition provides a sustainable and most effective way for managing the parasitic weeds. Integrated striga management approaches such as a combined use of Striga resistant varieties and Fusarium oxysporum fsp. Strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent of striga, is an option to control the parasite and to boost sorghum productivity. Understanding host gene action influencing striga resistance, with or without FOS treatment, is key to develop improved sorghum varieties with durable resistance and high yield. Varying levels of resistance have been identified and exploited in the breeding programs of several crops. Considerable efforts have been invested in breeding for striga resistance in cereals and significant progress has been made in the development of improved selection methods.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：