Pub Date : 2008-11-13DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0027
J. Crisp
This chapter provides a historical perspective on the role of the United Nations in the areas of humanitarian action and coordination. It examines the UN’s emerging engagement in this domain in the aftermath of the Second World War, as well as the growth of the organization’s humanitarian role during the period of decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter argues that the end of the Cold War created a humanitarian landscape that was more complex and dangerous than had previously been the case, giving rise to a range of acute policy dilemmas in relation to the protection and provision of assistance to refugees, displaced people, and other civilians. The chapter suggests that effective interagency coordination has been a chronic challenge for the UN in the humanitarian realm and provides a critical review of the different organizational arrangements that have been established to address this concern.
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Pub Date : 2008-11-13DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0018
R. Mani
The chapter reviews the evolution—both in theory and practice—of the peaceful settlement of disputes and conflict prevention as innovated and practiced over more than seven decades by the United Nations. It considers the legal and historical basis for UN actions related to peacemaking and preventive diplomacy and the challenges faced in operationalizing these pivotal concepts in global affairs. The chapter concludes by foreshadowing the ‘sustaining peace’ agenda of UN Secretary-General António Guterres, with special reference to its emphasis on preventive action and mediating violent conflicts. The UN faces numerous challenges as it seeks to regain public trust in its capacity to prevent conflict and settle disputes. Entrusting women with an enhanced role is one belated, yet essential, first step in preventing conflict and ensuring lasting security with justice.
{"title":"Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and Conflict Prevention","authors":"R. Mani","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter reviews the evolution—both in theory and practice—of the peaceful settlement of disputes and conflict prevention as innovated and practiced over more than seven decades by the United Nations. It considers the legal and historical basis for UN actions related to peacemaking and preventive diplomacy and the challenges faced in operationalizing these pivotal concepts in global affairs. The chapter concludes by foreshadowing the ‘sustaining peace’ agenda of UN Secretary-General António Guterres, with special reference to its emphasis on preventive action and mediating violent conflicts. The UN faces numerous challenges as it seeks to regain public trust in its capacity to prevent conflict and settle disputes. Entrusting women with an enhanced role is one belated, yet essential, first step in preventing conflict and ensuring lasting security with justice.","PeriodicalId":117675,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122903527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-13DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0033
G. Burci
The chapter offers a critical review of the development of a legal and political framework for the prevention and control of international disease outbreaks. Historically, such development focused on the role and functions of the World Health Organization, culminating in the 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations. The effectiveness of that framework has come under intense criticism as a result of the inadequate international response to the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa and has led to global efforts to build a more credible system of global health security. The chapter analyzes recent legal and policy developments in this area, with particular emphasis on the inclusion of health threats into the international security agenda and the complex interactions between the international protection of biodiversity and sharing of human pathogens for public health protection.
{"title":"Health and Infectious Disease","authors":"G. Burci","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0033","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter offers a critical review of the development of a legal and political framework for the prevention and control of international disease outbreaks. Historically, such development focused on the role and functions of the World Health Organization, culminating in the 2005 revision of the International Health Regulations. The effectiveness of that framework has come under intense criticism as a result of the inadequate international response to the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa and has led to global efforts to build a more credible system of global health security. The chapter analyzes recent legal and policy developments in this area, with particular emphasis on the inclusion of health threats into the international security agenda and the complex interactions between the international protection of biodiversity and sharing of human pathogens for public health protection.","PeriodicalId":117675,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125518829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-13DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0036
W. Andy Knight
This chapter examines the UN’s role in promoting and encouraging democracy and good governance. The world organizations is in a pivotal position to help promote and strengthen the global norm that posits that democracy validates the quality of governance today. In order to be considered ‘democratic,’ governments should not only hold periodic free and fair elections and demonstrate the ability to govern inclusively and humanely. In addition, they should also respect human rights and the rule of law. Concurrently, the chapter argues that the UN should practice what it preaches and address its own democratic deficit, even as it helps to strengthen democracy at the national level.
{"title":"Democracy and Good Governance","authors":"W. Andy Knight","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199560103.003.0036","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the UN’s role in promoting and encouraging democracy and good governance. The world organizations is in a pivotal position to help promote and strengthen the global norm that posits that democracy validates the quality of governance today. In order to be considered ‘democratic,’ governments should not only hold periodic free and fair elections and demonstrate the ability to govern inclusively and humanely. In addition, they should also respect human rights and the rule of law. Concurrently, the chapter argues that the UN should practice what it preaches and address its own democratic deficit, even as it helps to strengthen democracy at the national level.","PeriodicalId":117675,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114524227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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