Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104874
Ruiz-Sobremazas Diego , Coca Mario , Morales-Navas Miguel , Nerea Rios Nieto , Rodulfo-Cárdenas Rocío , Colomina Maria Teresa , López-Granero Caridad , Sanchez-Santed Fernando , Perez-Fernandez Cristian
Environmental exposure to air pollution, specially to particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy, plays a significant role in increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. This study investigated the long-term impact of oral gestational PM exposure (200 µg/kg/day) on memory in aged rats using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). After completing MWM, hippocampal tissue was collected and analyzed for gene expression. Our findings indicate that gestational PM exposure caused no major developmental alterations, aside from slightly poorer performance in the adherence test. No differences were detected in standard MWM manipulations, however, PM-offspring showed reduced latency in the test session, suggesting a possible compulsive-like behavior. Additionally, hippocampal gene expression revealed downregulation of several genes, including NMDA and GABAergic subunits. These effects depended on exposure and sex. The behavioral effects might reflect cognitive inflexibility linked to gene alterations. Further research is needed to clarify these outcomes.
{"title":"Long-term impact of oral gestational PM10 exposure on morris water maze performance and hippocampal gene expression","authors":"Ruiz-Sobremazas Diego , Coca Mario , Morales-Navas Miguel , Nerea Rios Nieto , Rodulfo-Cárdenas Rocío , Colomina Maria Teresa , López-Granero Caridad , Sanchez-Santed Fernando , Perez-Fernandez Cristian","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental exposure to air pollution, specially to particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy, plays a significant role in increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. This study investigated the long-term impact of oral gestational PM exposure (200 µg/kg/day) on memory in aged rats using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). After completing MWM, hippocampal tissue was collected and analyzed for gene expression. Our findings indicate that gestational PM exposure caused no major developmental alterations, aside from slightly poorer performance in the adherence test. No differences were detected in standard MWM manipulations, however, PM-offspring showed reduced latency in the test session, suggesting a possible compulsive-like behavior. Additionally, hippocampal gene expression revealed downregulation of several genes, including NMDA and GABAergic subunits. These effects depended on exposure and sex. The behavioral effects might reflect cognitive inflexibility linked to gene alterations. Further research is needed to clarify these outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104871
Jacqueline Hilgendorf , Vânia Calisto , Diogo N. Cardoso , Joana Fernandes , Diana L.D. Lima , José N. Pinto , Ana Eduardo Rodrigues , Jesper G. Sørensen , Érika M.L. Sousa , Susana Loureiro
Sediments play a key role in chemical partitioning in aquatic ecosystems, acting as sinks for lipophilic and persistent compounds. However, sediment hazard assessment is limited, often underestimating risks by focusing on short-term, lethal endpoints. Behavioural assays, although underused for sediment-dwellers, can provide faster, more sensitive assessments. This study adapted soil avoidance methods for sediment, testing avoidance in Lumbriculus variegatus exposed to lead, bixafen, and fluoxetine. We compared survival with conventional one-compartment (contaminated sediment only) and two-compartment (contaminated vs. control) assays. The two-compartment test detected significant avoidance at concentrations up to 428 times lower than survival and showed effects when conventional assays failed to detect any (e.g., for bixafen). It revealed significant responses at environmentally relevant levels (0.19 mg/kg fluoxetine, 550 mg/kg lead) and provided insights into chemical sensing and non-monotonic dose–response curves. Two-compartment avoidance assays are rapid, sensitive, and relevant for future sediment hazard assessments with potential population-level implications.
{"title":"The agony of choice: Advancing sediment hazard assessment by using avoidance behaviour assays with Lumbriculus variegatus","authors":"Jacqueline Hilgendorf , Vânia Calisto , Diogo N. Cardoso , Joana Fernandes , Diana L.D. Lima , José N. Pinto , Ana Eduardo Rodrigues , Jesper G. Sørensen , Érika M.L. Sousa , Susana Loureiro","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediments play a key role in chemical partitioning in aquatic ecosystems, acting as sinks for lipophilic and persistent compounds. However, sediment hazard assessment is limited, often underestimating risks by focusing on short-term, lethal endpoints. Behavioural assays, although underused for sediment-dwellers, can provide faster, more sensitive assessments. This study adapted soil avoidance methods for sediment, testing avoidance in <em>Lumbriculus variegatus</em> exposed to lead, bixafen, and fluoxetine. We compared survival with conventional one-compartment (contaminated sediment only) and two-compartment (contaminated vs. control) assays. The two-compartment test detected significant avoidance at concentrations up to 428 times lower than survival and showed effects when conventional assays failed to detect any (e.g., for bixafen). It revealed significant responses at environmentally relevant levels (0.19 mg/kg fluoxetine, 550 mg/kg lead) and provided insights into chemical sensing and non-monotonic dose–response curves. Two-compartment avoidance assays are rapid, sensitive, and relevant for future sediment hazard assessments with potential population-level implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104851
Dalia I. Hamdan , Mona F. Mahmoud , Michael Wink , Assem M. El-Shazly
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Effect of hesperidin and neohesperidin from bittersweet orange (Citrus aurantium var. bigaradia) peel on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcers in rats” [Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 37 (2014) 907–915]","authors":"Dalia I. Hamdan , Mona F. Mahmoud , Michael Wink , Assem M. El-Shazly","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104876
Zeineb Lakehal, Jonathan Côté, Sami Haddad, Michèle Bouchard
Pyrethroid metabolites are used as biomarkers of human exposure but the influence of exposure levels on their toxicokinetics remains unclear. We examined the effect of administered dose on the toxicokinetics of permethrin metabolites. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered single gavage doses of permethrin (trans/cis 60:40) at 0.004, 0.04, 0.4 and 4 mg/kg bw. Serial blood, urine and fecal samples were collected. Trans- and cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids (trans/cis-DCCA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH3PBA) were quantified. A clear effect of dose on metabolite profiles in blood was observed: appearance rate increased with doses, while terminal elimination half-life and mean residence time decreased. In urine, the predominant elimination route, fraction of metabolites recovered declined significantly at 0.4 and 4 mg/kg bw, whereas minor fecal excretion pathway was unaffected by dose. These findings show that permethrin dose governs both rates and extent of metabolite disposition, with key implications for exposure reconstruction from biomonitoring data.
{"title":"Dose-dependent toxicokinetics of permethrin in rats: A comparative analysis of four exposure levels","authors":"Zeineb Lakehal, Jonathan Côté, Sami Haddad, Michèle Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrethroid metabolites are used as biomarkers of human exposure but the influence of exposure levels on their toxicokinetics remains unclear. We examined the effect of administered dose on the toxicokinetics of permethrin metabolites. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered single gavage doses of permethrin (<em>trans</em>/<em>cis</em> 60:40) at 0.004, 0.04, 0.4 and 4 mg/kg bw. Serial blood, urine and fecal samples were collected. <em>Trans</em>- and <em>cis</em>-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids (<em>trans</em>/<em>cis</em>-DCCA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH3PBA) were quantified. A clear effect of dose on metabolite profiles in blood was observed: appearance rate increased with doses, while terminal elimination half-life and mean residence time decreased. In urine, the predominant elimination route, fraction of metabolites recovered declined significantly at 0.4 and 4 mg/kg bw, whereas minor fecal excretion pathway was unaffected by dose. These findings show that permethrin dose governs both rates and extent of metabolite disposition, with key implications for exposure reconstruction from biomonitoring data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145593131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104877
Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini , Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira , Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi , Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo , Monica Beatriz Perez , Lisandra Menendez , Maria Guerra de Navarro , Mymuna Monem , Florence George , Piero Gardinali , Daniel M. Bagner , Natalia Quinete
Children are vulnerable to environmental contaminants due to physiological immaturity and behaviors that increase contact with exogenous compounds. These exposures can disrupt central metabolic pathways, potentially affecting development and long-term health. A non-targeted analysis approach and advanced chemical annotation tools was used to characterize environmental compounds and urinary metabolites in South Florida children, exploring possible interactions through correlation analyses. Urine samples from children aged 9 months to 6 years were processed by online solid-phase extraction (Online SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), followed by molecular annotation using the Compound Discoverer software. Correlation analyses identified statistical associations between detected environmental compounds and endogenous metabolites. The results showed co-variation patterns suggesting possible metabolic changes involving amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and neurotransmitter-related processes. Although no specific associations were found with compounds linked to ingestion, the data indicated broader biological disruptions, possibly from combined environmental and dietary exposures.
{"title":"Characterizing urinary metabolites by non-targeted analysis and their associations with endogenous metabolism in children from South Florida","authors":"Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini , Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira , Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi , Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo , Monica Beatriz Perez , Lisandra Menendez , Maria Guerra de Navarro , Mymuna Monem , Florence George , Piero Gardinali , Daniel M. Bagner , Natalia Quinete","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children are vulnerable to environmental contaminants due to physiological immaturity and behaviors that increase contact with exogenous compounds. These exposures can disrupt central metabolic pathways, potentially affecting development and long-term health. A non-targeted analysis approach and advanced chemical annotation tools was used to characterize environmental compounds and urinary metabolites in South Florida children, exploring possible interactions through correlation analyses. Urine samples from children aged 9 months to 6 years were processed by online solid-phase extraction (Online SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), followed by molecular annotation using the Compound Discoverer software. Correlation analyses identified statistical associations between detected environmental compounds and endogenous metabolites. The results showed co-variation patterns suggesting possible metabolic changes involving amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and neurotransmitter-related processes. Although no specific associations were found with compounds linked to ingestion, the data indicated broader biological disruptions, possibly from combined environmental and dietary exposures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145593521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104882
Georges Khoury , Laura Deen , Harald William Meyer , Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen , Jens Peter Bonde , Karin Sørig Hougaard , Marie Frederiksen , Marcus Kjær Sørensen , Sidsel Dan Hull , Regitze Sølling Wils , Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
Background
Lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) can evaporate from original materials in older buildings and be inhaled by inhabitants. Prenatal exposure to LC-PCBs may interfere with fetal lung development, with consequences for adult lung function.
Objective
Determine the effect of prenatal LC-PCB exposure on adult lung function.
Methods
We included 184 adult males whose mothers lived in two partially LC-PCB contaminated residential areas leading up to their pregnancy. Spirometry assessed forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Z-scores standardized measurements. Associations were estimated using linear regression, with subsequent smoking stratification.
Results
Prenatally exposed individuals (n = 72) had 120 mL lower FEV1 (95 % CI: −280, 30) and 120 mL lower FVC (95 % CI: −310, 70) compared to unexposed individuals. Responses were intensified in ever smokers, and absent in never smokers.
Conclusion
Prenatal LC-PCBs exposure may reduce lung function in adult males, with later smoking potentially enhancing susceptibility
{"title":"Prenatal exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and male lung function","authors":"Georges Khoury , Laura Deen , Harald William Meyer , Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen , Jens Peter Bonde , Karin Sørig Hougaard , Marie Frederiksen , Marcus Kjær Sørensen , Sidsel Dan Hull , Regitze Sølling Wils , Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) can evaporate from original materials in older buildings and be inhaled by inhabitants. Prenatal exposure to LC-PCBs may interfere with fetal lung development, with consequences for adult lung function.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Determine the effect of prenatal LC-PCB exposure on adult lung function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 184 adult males whose mothers lived in two partially LC-PCB contaminated residential areas leading up to their pregnancy. Spirometry assessed forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Z-scores standardized measurements. Associations were estimated using linear regression, with subsequent smoking stratification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prenatally exposed individuals (n = 72) had 120 mL lower FEV<sub>1</sub> (95 % CI: −280, 30) and 120 mL lower FVC (95 % CI: −310, 70) compared to unexposed individuals. Responses were intensified in ever smokers, and absent in never smokers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prenatal LC-PCBs exposure may reduce lung function in adult males, with later smoking potentially enhancing susceptibility</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104878
Alexandre Folador , Inete Cleide Bau , Guilherme Felicioni , Bruna Caprini , Aline Pompermaier , Wagner Antonio Tamagno , Carla Alves , Paulo Afonso Hartmann , Marilia Hartmann
Aquatic environments are amongst the ecosystems most impacted by pesticides, with amphibians being a particularly vulnerable group. This study investigated the cytotoxic, body condition and biochemical effects of a commercial formulation of imazethapyr-based herbicide (IBH), on Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles at developmental stage 25 exposed to a broad concentration gradient (0–500 µg/L) for 14 days. Notably, even the lowest concentration (1 µg/L) significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, and scaled mass index, while inducing multiple erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs). All tested concentrations caused these effects in ENAs (e.g., micronuclei, lobed nuclei) and impaired energy allocation patterns. IBH was also neurotoxic and induced oxidative stress at higher concentrations (400–500 µg/L). The cellular damage observed suggests the difficulty for tadpoles in maintaining energy reserves for growth and metamorphosis, as evidenced by significant body weight loss. Together, these results indicate that IBH is cytotoxic at environmentally relevant concentrations and may consequently compromise the health of P. cuvieri populations.
{"title":"Ecotoxicological impacts of imazethapyr herbicide on amphibian larvae: Evidence from Physalaemus cuvieri","authors":"Alexandre Folador , Inete Cleide Bau , Guilherme Felicioni , Bruna Caprini , Aline Pompermaier , Wagner Antonio Tamagno , Carla Alves , Paulo Afonso Hartmann , Marilia Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic environments are amongst the ecosystems most impacted by pesticides, with amphibians being a particularly vulnerable group. This study investigated the cytotoxic, body condition and biochemical effects of a commercial formulation of imazethapyr-based herbicide (IBH), on <em>Physalaemus cuvieri</em> tadpoles at developmental stage 25 exposed to a broad concentration gradient (0–500 µg/L) for 14 days. Notably, even the lowest concentration (1 µg/L) significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, and scaled mass index, while inducing multiple erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs). All tested concentrations caused these effects in ENAs (e.g., micronuclei, lobed nuclei) and impaired energy allocation patterns. IBH was also neurotoxic and induced oxidative stress at higher concentrations (400–500 µg/L). The cellular damage observed suggests the difficulty for tadpoles in maintaining energy reserves for growth and metamorphosis, as evidenced by significant body weight loss. Together, these results indicate that IBH is cytotoxic at environmentally relevant concentrations and may consequently compromise the health of <em>P. cuvieri</em> populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbonaceous air pollution particulate matter (PM) and xenobiotic heavy metals, Pb2+ and Cd2+, are hazardous toxicants. PM-associated Pb2+ and Cd2+ are substantial metal components of PM2.5. Here, we analysed general toxicity and ACE2 concentration/expression in rats after combined oral administration of water-suspended smoke PM preparations from wood (WS) or polypropylene (PS) and Pb2+/Cd2+. After combined exposure to Pb2+/Cd2 and WS/PS, turnover of erythrocytes increased (an increase in volume of MCV erythrocytes). The combined effect of Cd2+ and PS had a lymphosuppressive effect. Pb2+/Cd2+ with WS/PS increased the level of myeloperoxidase activity in the mucous membrane of rat colon in all groups. ACE2 concentrations in the blood plasma were not changed in all groups. WS and PS reduced the intensity of positive staining of ACE2 receptors in the mucous membrane of the colon of rats. Therefore, multipollutant heavy metal- and PM-induced effects on general toxicity parameters and ACE2 concentration/expression were revealed.
{"title":"Mutual oral administration of wood/plastic smoke PM and heavy metals Pb2+/Cd2+: General toxicity effects and ACE2 expression in rats","authors":"Nataliya Dziubenko , Iryna Byelinska , Taisa Dovbynchuk , Arsen Ishchuk , Viktoriia Velmyk , Mariia Korbush , Konstantin Paliienko , Liliia Kalynovska , Nataliya Krisanova , Nataliya Pozdnyakova , Tatiana Borisova , Ganna Tolstanova","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonaceous air pollution particulate matter (PM) and xenobiotic heavy metals, Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>, are hazardous toxicants. PM-associated Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> are substantial metal components of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Here, we analysed general toxicity and ACE2 concentration/expression in rats after combined oral administration of water-suspended smoke PM preparations from wood (WS) or polypropylene (PS) and Pb<sup>2+</sup>/Cd<sup>2+</sup>. After combined exposure to Pb<sup>2+</sup>/Cd<sup>2</sup> and WS/PS, turnover of erythrocytes increased (an increase in volume of MCV erythrocytes). The combined effect of Cd<sup>2+</sup> and PS had a lymphosuppressive effect. Pb<sup>2+</sup>/Cd<sup>2+</sup> with WS/PS increased the level of myeloperoxidase activity in the mucous membrane of rat colon in all groups. ACE2 concentrations in the blood plasma were not changed in all groups. WS and PS reduced the intensity of positive staining of ACE2 receptors in the mucous membrane of the colon of rats. Therefore, multipollutant heavy metal- and PM-induced effects on general toxicity parameters and ACE2 concentration/expression were revealed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1,4-dioxane (DON) has been widely used as a pharmaceutical ingredient, a solvent in organic synthesis reactions, and a stabilizer in chlorinated organic solvents. Although DON shows hepatocarcinogenicity in mice and rats, the mode of action has not fully been elucidated. Therefore, to understand the toxicological potential of DON in high doses after repeated oral administration and the adverse effects on the liver in terms of molecular mechanisms, we analyzed a results of repeated dose 14-day oral toxicity test integrating a gene expression analysis using DNA microarray. Rats were orally administered a dose of DON (0, 150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg/day) and examinations on hematology, blood biochemistry, organ weights and histopathology were conducted. Surplus liver was harvested to gene expression analysis to identify genes and molecular pathways related to the adverse effect of DON. As a result, centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes (liver), tubular vacuolation/basophilic change (kidney), and vacuolation (pituitary posterior lobe) were observed as pathological findings. Gene expression analysis revealed genes related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic receptor response, immune response, and hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly enriched. Under middle dose group, DNA damage response related genes were not significantly enriched and histopathological change in liver was not observed suggesting a threshold. Continuous alteration of these gene expression profiles related to hepato-carcinogenesis may have an important role in the non-genotoxic mode of action of DON. Our results would be useful in further understanding the general toxicity of DON and in considering early changes in the liver which lead to carcinogenesis.
{"title":"Histopathological and toxicogenomic evaluation of 1,4-dioxane toxicity after a 14-day repeated oral administration","authors":"Hiroshi Honda , Kentaro Yamamoto , Mutsumi Shiraishi","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1,4-dioxane (DON) has been widely used as a pharmaceutical ingredient, a solvent in organic synthesis reactions, and a stabilizer in chlorinated organic solvents. Although DON shows hepatocarcinogenicity in mice and rats, the mode of action has not fully been elucidated. Therefore, to understand the toxicological potential of DON in high doses after repeated oral administration and the adverse effects on the liver in terms of molecular mechanisms, we analyzed a results of repeated dose 14-day oral toxicity test integrating a gene expression analysis using DNA microarray. Rats were orally administered a dose of DON (0, 150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg/day) and examinations on hematology, blood biochemistry, organ weights and histopathology were conducted. Surplus liver was harvested to gene expression analysis to identify genes and molecular pathways related to the adverse effect of DON. As a result, centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes (liver), tubular vacuolation/basophilic change (kidney), and vacuolation (pituitary posterior lobe) were observed as pathological findings. Gene expression analysis revealed genes related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic receptor response, immune response, and hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly enriched. Under middle dose group, DNA damage response related genes were not significantly enriched and histopathological change in liver was not observed suggesting a threshold. Continuous alteration of these gene expression profiles related to hepato-carcinogenesis may have an important role in the non-genotoxic mode of action of DON. Our results would be useful in further understanding the general toxicity of DON and in considering early changes in the liver which lead to carcinogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, soil pollution from emerging contaminants has attracted significant global attention. These contaminants comprise a wide range of substances, including industrial by-products, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, microplastics, phthalates, nanomaterials, and their transformation products. Their diverse nature and persistence in environment pose serious threats to soil functionality, plant health. Every year, the production and discharge of these compounds contribute to their extensive distribution worldwide. Many of these emerging contaminants exhibit strong soil adsorption and bioaccumulation capacity within food webs, leading to their persistence in both terrestrial and aquatic systems leading to complex, often unpredictable ecological consequences. This review synthesizes recent findings on the sources and environmental impacts of emerging contaminants, with a particular focus on plants. It highlights their effects on plant growth, the mechanisms of phytotoxicity, and the broader implications for crop productivity, soil health, and agricultural sustainability. By elucidating the interactions between these contaminants and plant systems, this work also underscores the need for effective mitigation strategies to protect ecosystems, food security, and human well-being.
{"title":"Emerging contaminants and their influence on plants: An in-depth review","authors":"Sadia Aziz , Sania Zaib , Azhar Iqbal , Muhammad Asif Chuadhry , Shaheen Shahzad , Bikram Dhara , Athanasios Alexiou , Partha Biswas , Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim , Shabana Bibi","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, soil pollution from emerging contaminants has attracted significant global attention. These contaminants comprise a wide range of substances, including industrial by-products, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, microplastics, phthalates, nanomaterials, and their transformation products. Their diverse nature and persistence in environment pose serious threats to soil functionality, plant health. Every year, the production and discharge of these compounds contribute to their extensive distribution worldwide. Many of these emerging contaminants exhibit strong soil adsorption and bioaccumulation capacity within food webs, leading to their persistence in both terrestrial and aquatic systems leading to complex, often unpredictable ecological consequences. This review synthesizes recent findings on the sources and environmental impacts of emerging contaminants, with a particular focus on plants. It highlights their effects on plant growth, the mechanisms of phytotoxicity, and the broader implications for crop productivity, soil health, and agricultural sustainability. By elucidating the interactions between these contaminants and plant systems, this work also underscores the need for effective mitigation strategies to protect ecosystems, food security, and human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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