The manica flexoria (MF) is an extension of the medial and lateral borders of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) that forms a sleeve around the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), within the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS), just proximal to the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint. Tears of the MF have been described associated with cases of nonseptic tenosynovitis presenting with lameness, with ponies and cobs being over-represented. Ultrasonography and contrast tenography are the predominant imaging modalities used to diagnose tears of the MF, with tenoscopic evaluation still serving as the gold standard. However, the sensitivity and specificity of additional techniques such as contrast computed tomographic tenography and MRI are now being investigated as other modalities that could be of value to identify MF tears. Additional techniques have been described to combine with traditional ultrasonography, with the aim to improve the sensitivity of identifying MF tears, such as dynamic extension/flexion techniques and saline injections of the DFTS. The overall aim of this paper was to review current evidence to determine the best noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality, with a high sensitivity and specificity, to more accurately diagnose MF tears and aid more thorough surgical planning.
Equine coital exanthema (ECE), caused by Equid alphaherpesvirus 3 (EHV-3), is a highly contagious, venereally transmitted mucocutaneous disease, characterised by the formation of papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers on the external genital organs of mares and stallions. The infection is endemic worldwide, and the virus is transmitted mainly through direct contact during sexual intercourse and by contaminated instruments during reproductive manoeuvres in breeding facilities. The only known biological reservoir of EHV-3 is the latently infected horse; it is well-known that, as for other herpesviral infections, periods of reactivation from latency, with production and shedding of infectious virus, are the source of infection for other comingling susceptible animals. Episodes of reactivation and shedding, either with or without clinical manifestation, and together with variable levels of serum antibodies, have been observed. Although the disease is relatively benign and does not result in systemic illness, infertility or abortion, it does have a negative impact on the equine industry, as it forces to temporarily withdraw affected animals, consequently disrupting mating activities in breeding enterprises. Thus, outbreaks of ECE continue to be a major problem for the equine industry, mostly in those facilities with heavily scheduled breeding calendars during reproductive seasons. For affected stallions, such disruptions may translate into significant end-of-season decreases in the mare-book size. Similarly, affected mares may miss breeding opportunities. In artificial insemination and embryo transfer centres, affected mares may be reluctant to be inspected, inseminated or transferred, with the consequent loss of opportunities to become pregnant. In both scenarios (natural mating or artificial insemination), delayed foaling dates or reduced pregnancy rates may occur in mares that miss breeding opportunities because of the disease. In the interest of reducing the negative impact of EHV-3 infections on breeding centres, advances have been made during the last years as to diagnostic methodologies, treatment and prevention.
Knudsen, A., Pye, J., Marsh, J. (2024) Reproductive success in thoroughbred broodmares post large colon resection or colopexy. Equine Veterinary Education, 36: 82–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.115_14008.
In the final two sentences of the ‘Results’ section, the text “In Group R, the first breeding season post-resection (5 foals out of 18 mares served, 27.8%), showed significantly less success than the second breeding season post resection (10 foals out of 14 mares served, 71.4%; Fisher's exact p = 0.03; Odds Ratio 0.17 (95% CI 0.024–0.90)). However, in Group P, the first breeding season post-surgery showed the same success rates as the second (5 foals out of 7 mares served, 71.4% in both seasons) and both groups achieved the same proportion of foals to number of mares bred in their second season (71.4%).” contained several errors.
This should have read: “In Group R, the first breeding season post-resection (5 foals out of 17 live mares, 29.4%), showed significantly less success than the second breeding season post resection (10 foals out of 14 live mares, 71.4%; Fisher's exact p = 0.03; Odds Ratio 0.18 (95% CI 0.026–0.98)). However, in Group P, the first breeding season post-surgery showed the same success rates as the second (5 foals out of 7 live mares, 71.4% in both seasons) and both groups achieved the same proportion of foals to number of live mares in their second season (71.4%).”
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This case report describes a novel fixation technique of scapular neck fracture in a 2-week-old Arabian foal using two 3.5 mm tibial-plateau-levelling-osteotomy (TPLO) locking plates originally designed for small animal orthopaedic surgery. The foal presented with a traumatic short oblique scapular neck fracture. Fracture fixation was performed under general anaesthesia using two anatomically pre-shaped 3.5 mm TPLO locking plates; one on each side of the spine of the scapula. Fracture fixation was successful using two TPLO locking plates. Minimal soft tissue manipulation and identification of the suprascapular nerve allowed for relatively atraumatic application of the implants. The implants were left in place. Follow-up evaluation 2 years after surgical intervention confirmed the horse to be sound with no clinical or gait abnormalities. Stabilisation of a short oblique scapular neck fracture in a 2-week-old foal with an anatomically pre-shaped implant led to a good outcome in this case report. No complications were encountered during the recovery period. The use of an anatomically pre-shaped locking plate intended for use on dogs, which is widely available in the veterinary industry, has proven to be a viable alternative for a scapular neck fracture fixation in this foal.
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