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Which is the best imaging modality to diagnose a manica flexoria tear? 哪种成像方式最适合诊断manica flexoria撕裂?
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14049
Rebecca L. Bacon, Rebecca Jones

The manica flexoria (MF) is an extension of the medial and lateral borders of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) that forms a sleeve around the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), within the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS), just proximal to the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint. Tears of the MF have been described associated with cases of nonseptic tenosynovitis presenting with lameness, with ponies and cobs being over-represented. Ultrasonography and contrast tenography are the predominant imaging modalities used to diagnose tears of the MF, with tenoscopic evaluation still serving as the gold standard. However, the sensitivity and specificity of additional techniques such as contrast computed tomographic tenography and MRI are now being investigated as other modalities that could be of value to identify MF tears. Additional techniques have been described to combine with traditional ultrasonography, with the aim to improve the sensitivity of identifying MF tears, such as dynamic extension/flexion techniques and saline injections of the DFTS. The overall aim of this paper was to review current evidence to determine the best noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality, with a high sensitivity and specificity, to more accurately diagnose MF tears and aid more thorough surgical planning.

腕屈肌腱(Manica flexoria,MF)是浅层数屈肌腱(SDFT)内侧和外侧边界的延伸,在数屈肌腱鞘(DFTS)内围绕深层数屈肌腱(DDFT)形成一个套筒,正好位于掌/跖指关节近端。据描述,MF撕裂与表现为跛行的非化脓性腱鞘炎病例有关,其中以小马和公马居多。超声波检查和造影剂腱鞘造影是诊断中趾骨撕裂的主要成像方式,而腱鞘镜评估仍是金标准。不过,目前正在研究对比计算机断层扫描韧带成像和核磁共振成像等其他技术的灵敏度和特异性,这些技术可能对识别中纤维肌撕裂有价值。为了提高识别中频撕裂的灵敏度,还介绍了与传统超声波检查相结合的其他技术,如动态伸展/屈曲技术和 DFTS 生理盐水注射。本文的总体目标是回顾目前的证据,以确定具有高灵敏度和特异性的最佳无创诊断成像方式,从而更准确地诊断中频撕裂并帮助制定更全面的手术计划。
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引用次数: 0
Equine coital exanthema: New approaches to minimise the negative impact on the equine industry 马阴道炎:减少对马业负面影响的新方法
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14059
M. A. Vissani

Equine coital exanthema (ECE), caused by Equid alphaherpesvirus 3 (EHV-3), is a highly contagious, venereally transmitted mucocutaneous disease, characterised by the formation of papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers on the external genital organs of mares and stallions. The infection is endemic worldwide, and the virus is transmitted mainly through direct contact during sexual intercourse and by contaminated instruments during reproductive manoeuvres in breeding facilities. The only known biological reservoir of EHV-3 is the latently infected horse; it is well-known that, as for other herpesviral infections, periods of reactivation from latency, with production and shedding of infectious virus, are the source of infection for other comingling susceptible animals. Episodes of reactivation and shedding, either with or without clinical manifestation, and together with variable levels of serum antibodies, have been observed. Although the disease is relatively benign and does not result in systemic illness, infertility or abortion, it does have a negative impact on the equine industry, as it forces to temporarily withdraw affected animals, consequently disrupting mating activities in breeding enterprises. Thus, outbreaks of ECE continue to be a major problem for the equine industry, mostly in those facilities with heavily scheduled breeding calendars during reproductive seasons. For affected stallions, such disruptions may translate into significant end-of-season decreases in the mare-book size. Similarly, affected mares may miss breeding opportunities. In artificial insemination and embryo transfer centres, affected mares may be reluctant to be inspected, inseminated or transferred, with the consequent loss of opportunities to become pregnant. In both scenarios (natural mating or artificial insemination), delayed foaling dates or reduced pregnancy rates may occur in mares that miss breeding opportunities because of the disease. In the interest of reducing the negative impact of EHV-3 infections on breeding centres, advances have been made during the last years as to diagnostic methodologies, treatment and prevention.

马生殖器疱疹(ECE)是由马甲疱疹病毒3型(EHV-3)引起的一种高度传染性、性传播的皮肤粘膜疾病,其特征是在母马和种马的外部生殖器官上形成丘疹、囊泡、脓疱和溃疡。这种感染在世界各地流行,病毒主要通过性交时的直接接触和在繁殖设施中进行生殖操作时受污染的器具传播。已知的唯一EHV-3的生物宿主是潜伏感染的马;众所周知,与其他疱疹病毒感染一样,潜伏期的再激活期以及传染性病毒的产生和脱落是其他易感动物的感染源。已观察到有或无临床表现的再激活和脱落的发作,并伴有血清抗体水平的变化。虽然这种疾病相对良性,不会导致全身性疾病、不育或流产,但它确实对马业产生了负面影响,因为它迫使受感染的动物暂时撤离,从而扰乱了育种企业的交配活动。因此,欧洲经委会的爆发仍然是马业的一个主要问题,主要发生在那些在繁殖季节有大量繁殖时间表的设施中。对于受影响的种马来说,这种干扰可能会导致季末母马的体型显著减少。同样,受感染的母马可能会错过繁殖机会。在人工授精和胚胎移植中心,受影响的母马可能不愿接受检查、授精或移植,从而失去怀孕的机会。在这两种情况下(自然交配或人工授精),由于疾病而错过繁殖机会的母马可能会延迟产驹日期或降低怀孕率。为了减少EHV-3感染对养殖中心的负面影响,过去几年在诊断方法、治疗和预防方面取得了进展。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and complications of prolonged nasogastric intubation in equine patients
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14066
C. A. Byrne

Managing equine patients that require prolonged periods of nasogastric intubation can be difficult and may require the use of repeated intubation or use of an in-dwelling nasogastric tube. Both approaches present potential risks for complications from nasal, pharyngeal and oesophageal trauma. Diagnosis and treatment of cranial oesophageal lesions can be particularly challenging due to the anatomy of this region.

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引用次数: 0
Correction to “Reproductive success in thoroughbred broodmares post large colon resection or colopexy” 修正“纯种母马大结肠切除或结肠术后的繁殖成功率”
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14064

Knudsen, A., Pye, J., Marsh, J. (2024) Reproductive success in thoroughbred broodmares post large colon resection or colopexy. Equine Veterinary Education, 36: 82–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.115_14008.

In the final two sentences of the ‘Results’ section, the text “In Group R, the first breeding season post-resection (5 foals out of 18 mares served, 27.8%), showed significantly less success than the second breeding season post resection (10 foals out of 14 mares served, 71.4%; Fisher's exact p = 0.03; Odds Ratio 0.17 (95% CI 0.024–0.90)). However, in Group P, the first breeding season post-surgery showed the same success rates as the second (5 foals out of 7 mares served, 71.4% in both seasons) and both groups achieved the same proportion of foals to number of mares bred in their second season (71.4%).” contained several errors.

This should have read: “In Group R, the first breeding season post-resection (5 foals out of 17 live mares, 29.4%), showed significantly less success than the second breeding season post resection (10 foals out of 14 live mares, 71.4%; Fisher's exact p = 0.03; Odds Ratio 0.18 (95% CI 0.026–0.98)). However, in Group P, the first breeding season post-surgery showed the same success rates as the second (5 foals out of 7 live mares, 71.4% in both seasons) and both groups achieved the same proportion of foals to number of live mares in their second season (71.4%).”

We apologize for this error.

Knudsen, A, Pye, J, Marsh, J.(2024)大结肠切除术或结肠切除术后纯种马的繁殖成功率。马兽医教育,36(6):82-83。https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.115_14008.In“结果”部分的最后两句文字“在R组中,切除后的第一个繁殖季节(18匹母马中有5匹,27.8%)的成功率明显低于切除后的第二个繁殖季节(14匹母马中有10匹,71.4%;费雪精确p = 0.03;优势比0.17 (95% CI 0.024-0.90))。然而,在P组,术后第一个繁殖季节与第二个繁殖季节的成功率相同(7匹母马中有5匹,两个季节均为71.4%),两组在第二个繁殖季节获得的马驹数量比例相同(71.4%)。包含几个错误。这应该是这样写的:“在R组,切除后的第一个繁殖季节(17匹活马中有5匹,29.4%)的成功率明显低于切除后的第二个繁殖季节(14匹活马中有10匹,71.4%;费雪精确p = 0.03;优势比0.18 (95% CI 0.026-0.98))。然而,在P组,术后第一个繁殖季节的成功率与第二个繁殖季节相同(7匹活马中有5匹小马驹,两个季节均为71.4%),两组在第二个繁殖季节的小马驹与活马数量的比例相同(71.4%)。我们为这个错误道歉。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical presentation and treatment of a bronchocutaneous fistula with intrathoracic abscessation in a yearling
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14056
M. R. Garcia-Collao, A. L. Curtiss, J. L. Mendez-Angulo

This case report describes the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, post-operative management and outcome of a bronchocutaneous fistula with intrathoracic abscessation in a yearling horse. The animal was presented with a history of several months of persistent coughing and a cutaneous fistula located over the right ventral hemithorax. The yearling had purulent discharge similar in character from both nares and draining out of the fistula. A bronchocutaneous fistula with intrathoracic abscessation was diagnosed by endoscopic examination of the cutaneous fistula. The treatment initially consisted of cyanoacrylate applied topically to the affected bronchi under endoscopic guidance, which was not successful. The fistula was successfully sealed with a diode laser used to create local inflammation at the site. One week after the second intervention, the patient's clinical signs resolved and the fistula was completely sealed 10 weeks following intervention. Follow-up at 16 months revealed that the patient was doing well and clinically normal.

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引用次数: 0
Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers 近期临床相关论文集锦
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14042
Sue Wright
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引用次数: 0
Successful remission of a recurrent metacarpal osteosarcoma of a Warmblood gelding after radiation therapy
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14052
M. Laekeman, M. Haspeslagh, M. Oosterlinck, K. Vanderperren, A. Soukup, E. Rooms, A. Martens, M. Gruyaert

A 15-year-old Warmblood gelding was presented with recurrence of a histologically confirmed osteosarcoma of the left second and third metacarpal bones 3 years after initial diagnosis and treatment. Initially, surgical excision was performed, followed by local injection of carboplatin 11 weeks later. The horse was sound after surgery and was used for low-level dressage and jumping. Three years later, the horse developed an acute onset of lameness in the left forelimb and a painful soft tissue swelling at the proximomedial metacarpal region. Radiographs showed a spiculated periosteal reaction on the medial aspect of the third metacarpal bone, indicating re-activation of the lesion. Stereotactic radiation therapy was performed with a protocol consisting of three fractions under general anaesthesia (Mo-We-Fr schedule), and a total dose of 30 Gy. The technique used was volumetric-modulated arc therapy guided by cone beam computed tomography for daily positioning. Following the radiation therapy, the horse became sound at walk, and 1 month later, it became sound at trot. Follow-up by veterinary examination 18 months after final treatment revealed no lameness at walk and trot, and a stable radiographic appearance.

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引用次数: 0
Carpometacarpal joint arthrodesis to treat a luxation of the fourth carpal bone in a filly
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14051
Anna Charbonnel, Antoine Meurice, Claire de Fourmestraux

A 1-month-old Paint filly was diagnosed with a latero-distal luxation of the fourth carpal bone associated with avulsion fractures of the third and fourth carpal bones and rupture of intercarpal ligaments based on clinical, radiography and computed tomography examination. A carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthrodesis was performed using a lateral 3.5 mm 5-hole Locking Compression Plate (LCP) T-plate and a medial 3.5 mm 5-hole narrow LCP plate associated with mediocarpal arthroscopic exploration. An external coaptation was maintained for 6 weeks. No complication was reported and the filly was full loading the day after surgery. Radiographical follow-up was available 6 and 14 weeks after surgery showing an intact construct and stable fixation with a complete fusion of the lateral part of the carpometacarpal joint at 14 weeks postoperatively. The filly was sound on pasture without angular deformity 4 months after surgery. Luxation of the fourth carpal bone was successfully stabilised using two LCP plates, leading to complete soundness and preservation of middle carpal joint motion.

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引用次数: 0
Haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident or stroke in a 16-year-old Cob mare
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14050
Julie F. N. Potier, Jamie S. W. Prutton

This paper describes the clinical and histopathological features of a 16-year-old Cob mare who sustained a haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident or stroke. The mare presented with an acute onset of neurological signs, with a neuroanatomical localisation to the midbrain and thalamus regions. The mare was reported to have suffered from ataxia on all four limbs which started 7 days prior to referral and was also showing several signs of left-sided cranial nerve deficits. On initial examination, the mare presented with quadrilateral ataxia, left-sided facial paralysis, weak tongue tone and a left-sided nose tilt as well as a hemineglect syndrome characterised by an inability to eat food presented on the right side of her mouth. Complete blood count and biochemistry analyses did not reveal any abnormalities, and a standing head CT revealed the presence of a hyperdense lesion localised in the left ventral cortex and thalamus region, which could be consistent with a vascular lesion, cholesterol granuloma or a mass. The mare was monitored, and as her condition slightly improved, was discharged from the hospital. Four weeks later, the clinical signs recurred and as the ataxia presented a danger for the mare and anyone handling her, the decision was made to euthanise the mare. A post-mortem CT scan of the head revealed an enlargement of the previous lesion, and the histopathological examination confirmed the presence of a haemorrhage within the brain, associated with neoplastic emboli. Haemorrhagic stroke has not previously been well described in horses therefore presents a challenge in diagnosis. Treatment in small animals is mainly conservative.

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引用次数: 0
Internal fixation of a short oblique scapular neck fracture in a foal using two 3.5-mm tibial-plateau-levelling-osteotomy (TPLO) locking plates 使用两个3.5 mm胫骨-平台-水平-截骨(TPLO)锁定钢板内固定马驹短斜肩胛骨颈骨折
IF 0.8 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14048
Sonia Marcos-Serralta, Andrew Scott Gray

This case report describes a novel fixation technique of scapular neck fracture in a 2-week-old Arabian foal using two 3.5 mm tibial-plateau-levelling-osteotomy (TPLO) locking plates originally designed for small animal orthopaedic surgery. The foal presented with a traumatic short oblique scapular neck fracture. Fracture fixation was performed under general anaesthesia using two anatomically pre-shaped 3.5 mm TPLO locking plates; one on each side of the spine of the scapula. Fracture fixation was successful using two TPLO locking plates. Minimal soft tissue manipulation and identification of the suprascapular nerve allowed for relatively atraumatic application of the implants. The implants were left in place. Follow-up evaluation 2 years after surgical intervention confirmed the horse to be sound with no clinical or gait abnormalities. Stabilisation of a short oblique scapular neck fracture in a 2-week-old foal with an anatomically pre-shaped implant led to a good outcome in this case report. No complications were encountered during the recovery period. The use of an anatomically pre-shaped locking plate intended for use on dogs, which is widely available in the veterinary industry, has proven to be a viable alternative for a scapular neck fracture fixation in this foal.

本病例报告描述了一种用于2周大阿拉伯马驹肩胛骨颈骨折的新型固定技术,使用两个3.5 mm胫骨-平台-水平-截骨(TPLO)锁定钢板,该钢板最初是为小动物骨科手术设计的。马驹表现为外伤性短斜肩胛骨颈骨折。在全身麻醉下使用两块解剖预成型的3.5 mm TPLO锁定钢板进行骨折固定;肩胛骨两侧各有一个。使用两个TPLO锁定钢板成功固定骨折。最小的软组织操作和肩胛上神经的识别使得植入物的应用相对无伤性。植入物留在原位。手术干预后2年的随访评估证实马身体健康,无临床或步态异常。本病例报告采用解剖预成形植入物对2周马驹短斜肩胛骨颈骨折进行稳定治疗,结果良好。康复期间无并发症发生。在兽医行业中广泛使用的解剖预成型锁定钢板用于狗,已被证明是该马驹肩胛骨颈骨折固定的可行替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Equine Veterinary Education
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