The objects of study are irregular galaxies and the corresponding systems of globular clusters (GCS). The purpose of this article is to compile a list of irregular galaxies containing GCS and find a statistical relationship between the physical parameters. Additionally, let’s aim to develop a method for constructing a non-stationary theory of their origin. It is noteworthy that only a limited number of results from observational data on the study of GCS in irregular galaxies have been published before. It has been identified 23 instances of GCS around irregular galaxies through observations. Based on observational data, lists of irregular galaxies containing the GCS were compiled. Im-type irregular galaxies are found to contain the largest number of GCS. Primarily, GCS are observed in Im-, Sm-, and dIr-type galaxies. The average number of clusters is dominated by Sm-type galaxies. In addition, dwarf irregular galaxies contain few clusters, and the absolute magnitude of their parent galaxies is smaller. Empirical relationships between the parameters of GCS and their parent galaxies are established. A linear dependence of the logarithm of the number of globular clusters in the system on the absolute magnitude of the host galaxy has been found. The study demonstrates that as the number of globular clusters increases, the mass of the host galaxy shows a linear growth. Additionally, a potential approach to the GCS origin theory has been explored in irregular galaxies by analyzing oscillation modes against the background of the collapse model
{"title":"Investigation of globular cluster of irregular galaxies","authors":"Ikram Tadjibaev, Komiljon Tillaboev, Nilufar Otojanova","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003162","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of study are irregular galaxies and the corresponding systems of globular clusters (GCS). The purpose of this article is to compile a list of irregular galaxies containing GCS and find a statistical relationship between the physical parameters. Additionally, let’s aim to develop a method for constructing a non-stationary theory of their origin. It is noteworthy that only a limited number of results from observational data on the study of GCS in irregular galaxies have been published before. It has been identified 23 instances of GCS around irregular galaxies through observations. Based on observational data, lists of irregular galaxies containing the GCS were compiled. Im-type irregular galaxies are found to contain the largest number of GCS. Primarily, GCS are observed in Im-, Sm-, and dIr-type galaxies. The average number of clusters is dominated by Sm-type galaxies. In addition, dwarf irregular galaxies contain few clusters, and the absolute magnitude of their parent galaxies is smaller. Empirical relationships between the parameters of GCS and their parent galaxies are established. A linear dependence of the logarithm of the number of globular clusters in the system on the absolute magnitude of the host galaxy has been found. The study demonstrates that as the number of globular clusters increases, the mass of the host galaxy shows a linear growth. Additionally, a potential approach to the GCS origin theory has been explored in irregular galaxies by analyzing oscillation modes against the background of the collapse model","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002894
Rafi M. Qasim, Ihsan A. Abdulhussein, Muna A. Hameed
The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of baffles presence at downstream system on weir gate hydraulic response. Two baffles configuration (triangle and angle shapes) are installed in bed flume. Two different spacing are used between the baffles and two different directions for baffles are also adopted. The study tries to investigate the variation in upstream Froude number, downstream Froude number, Reynolds number, actual discharge, discharge coefficient, downstream average water depth and the hydraulic system efficiency which is expressed as function of downstream water depth. It has been shown that the number of baffles has a direct and significant impact on flow hydraulic characteristics of weir-gate structure regardless of the spacing between baffles and the direction of baffles related to flow. Baffles number and spacing have essential impact on the water flow velocity of system and this impact leads to increase the flow resistance. The results clarify that the upstream Froude number, downstream Froude number, Reynolds number, actual discharge and discharge coefficient are decreased with the increase in baffles number except the average downstream water depth which increases with increase in baffles number. The efficiency of hydraulic system gives a good indicator for using baffles with weir-gate structure. At the end this paper shows a fruitful result of efficiency. This experiment run condense on the baffle’s numbers and directions with respect to the water flow direction at the downstream regime. So, the rises in the water level relies on the numbers and directions of the baffles as compare to the case without using baffles at the flume downstream region. The actual discharge and weir-gate discharge coefficient are more sensitive to the increase in the baffles’ numbers and the baffles direction with respect to the water flow direction
{"title":"Analysis of the hydraulic interference between the baffles and the composite hydraulic structure","authors":"Rafi M. Qasim, Ihsan A. Abdulhussein, Muna A. Hameed","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002894","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of baffles presence at downstream system on weir gate hydraulic response. Two baffles configuration (triangle and angle shapes) are installed in bed flume. Two different spacing are used between the baffles and two different directions for baffles are also adopted. The study tries to investigate the variation in upstream Froude number, downstream Froude number, Reynolds number, actual discharge, discharge coefficient, downstream average water depth and the hydraulic system efficiency which is expressed as function of downstream water depth. It has been shown that the number of baffles has a direct and significant impact on flow hydraulic characteristics of weir-gate structure regardless of the spacing between baffles and the direction of baffles related to flow. Baffles number and spacing have essential impact on the water flow velocity of system and this impact leads to increase the flow resistance. The results clarify that the upstream Froude number, downstream Froude number, Reynolds number, actual discharge and discharge coefficient are decreased with the increase in baffles number except the average downstream water depth which increases with increase in baffles number. The efficiency of hydraulic system gives a good indicator for using baffles with weir-gate structure. At the end this paper shows a fruitful result of efficiency. This experiment run condense on the baffle’s numbers and directions with respect to the water flow direction at the downstream regime. So, the rises in the water level relies on the numbers and directions of the baffles as compare to the case without using baffles at the flume downstream region. The actual discharge and weir-gate discharge coefficient are more sensitive to the increase in the baffles’ numbers and the baffles direction with respect to the water flow direction","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002956
Giang Truong Duong
Brakes are used to stop movement or adjust speed to ensure safety for mechanisms or machines. In this paper, the brake applied to hand winch will be studied. This hand winch has been studied by us in previous stages. However, the disadvantage of the winch is that the drum wall attached to the friction surfaces is not reasonable in terms of layout, as well as the parameters to optimize braking moment have not been calculated. A new brake structure is proposed in this study to solve the above problem. This structure does not use the drum wall as the friction surface. It does not affect the drum wall and it is easy to replace the friction surface when necessary. Instead, the cone brake is suitable for the structure brake and the size, structure, and design load. To determine the optimal parameters of the brake structure, the article will analyze the theory, and experiment design. The objective function is the maximum braking torque. Constraints are hand winch parameters, installation, friction surface material, and loading conditions. The corresponding factors are coded according to the Taguchi method, the orthogonal planning matrix is L18. Using Minitab software to analyze the Signal/Noise ratio, the study determined the optimal values for five factors including screw thread pitch, coefficient of friction (screw thread), cone angle, friction coefficient (brake), and large cone brake radius. Research results have selected the optimal parameters of the brake, and the optimal values have satisfied the constraints. The torque at the cone brake is greater than that of the disc brake approximately 37.7 %. The pressure at the friction surface is reduced by about 55 % compared to the disc brake surface
{"title":"Application of the Taguchi method to determine optimized parameters for designing brake of hand winch","authors":"Giang Truong Duong","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002956","url":null,"abstract":"Brakes are used to stop movement or adjust speed to ensure safety for mechanisms or machines. In this paper, the brake applied to hand winch will be studied. This hand winch has been studied by us in previous stages. However, the disadvantage of the winch is that the drum wall attached to the friction surfaces is not reasonable in terms of layout, as well as the parameters to optimize braking moment have not been calculated. A new brake structure is proposed in this study to solve the above problem. This structure does not use the drum wall as the friction surface. It does not affect the drum wall and it is easy to replace the friction surface when necessary. Instead, the cone brake is suitable for the structure brake and the size, structure, and design load. To determine the optimal parameters of the brake structure, the article will analyze the theory, and experiment design. The objective function is the maximum braking torque. Constraints are hand winch parameters, installation, friction surface material, and loading conditions. The corresponding factors are coded according to the Taguchi method, the orthogonal planning matrix is L18. Using Minitab software to analyze the Signal/Noise ratio, the study determined the optimal values for five factors including screw thread pitch, coefficient of friction (screw thread), cone angle, friction coefficient (brake), and large cone brake radius. Research results have selected the optimal parameters of the brake, and the optimal values have satisfied the constraints. The torque at the cone brake is greater than that of the disc brake approximately 37.7 %. The pressure at the friction surface is reduced by about 55 % compared to the disc brake surface","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003102
Juan Botero-Valencia, Daniel Sanin-Villa, Juliana Valencia-Aguirre
Energy harvesting models are the focus of most countries, given that governments are becoming aware of the limitations of natural resources and the need to optimize them. On the other hand, different systems used in everyday life and in industrial environments involve the use of heat cycles, but in most cases, their thermoelectric energy is not recovered from these processes. Accordingly, this paper proposes to implement a model based on a low-cost Peltier array that can be attached to commonly used devices with heat cycles involving small temperature differences (∆T=25 °C). A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was used to extract the maximum power from this array. This device is thought to take advantage of home and industrial elements’ heat to power low-power system applications. The results show that this technology allows acceptable use and represents an effective recovery mechanism. This work represents a new approximation of the energy harvesting solutions from thermoelectric energy with future benefits, especially on the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which has been one of the technology areas of most significant expansion and growth in recent decades. The IoT has opened significant challenges in the scientific community, especially regarding the energy supply methods of the IoT elements or nodes, considering that these elements can be located in places where it is impossible to wire to supply power and that use of batteries is unsustainable in the long term, also generating a negative environmental impact. The proposed system harvests energy from the temperature difference generated at a window, considering that the device is controlled environment within a room
{"title":"A simple method for harvesting thermoelectric energy in home and industrial appliances heat cycle using peltier cells","authors":"Juan Botero-Valencia, Daniel Sanin-Villa, Juliana Valencia-Aguirre","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003102","url":null,"abstract":"Energy harvesting models are the focus of most countries, given that governments are becoming aware of the limitations of natural resources and the need to optimize them. On the other hand, different systems used in everyday life and in industrial environments involve the use of heat cycles, but in most cases, their thermoelectric energy is not recovered from these processes. Accordingly, this paper proposes to implement a model based on a low-cost Peltier array that can be attached to commonly used devices with heat cycles involving small temperature differences (∆T=25 °C). A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method was used to extract the maximum power from this array. This device is thought to take advantage of home and industrial elements’ heat to power low-power system applications. The results show that this technology allows acceptable use and represents an effective recovery mechanism. This work represents a new approximation of the energy harvesting solutions from thermoelectric energy with future benefits, especially on the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which has been one of the technology areas of most significant expansion and growth in recent decades. The IoT has opened significant challenges in the scientific community, especially regarding the energy supply methods of the IoT elements or nodes, considering that these elements can be located in places where it is impossible to wire to supply power and that use of batteries is unsustainable in the long term, also generating a negative environmental impact. The proposed system harvests energy from the temperature difference generated at a window, considering that the device is controlled environment within a room","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrocarbon resources were considered as the basis of Azerbaijan's energy security. Ensuring the most complete and rational use of oil-associated gas resources is important for improving the efficiency of the oil industry and the national economy as a whole. Associated gas from oil fields remains the least demanded hydrocarbon raw material. The perspectives for the use of oil-associated gas are associated with new directions in the technique and technology of its use as a result of the creation and implementation of mobile and stationary power plants that consume gas. Unlike natural gas produced from gas and gas condensate fields, propane-butanoic and pentane fractions, there are hexanes, heptane’s and heavy hydrocarbons, including aromatic and naphthene tic compounding. The properties of APG were studied in the laboratories. It is known that the composition of petroleum gas in a particular area, due to changes in the volume of its production on fields, is constantly changing, so it is necessary to periodically update characteristics. The standard technology on gas conditioning for combustion is supplemented with an operation to remove heavy fractions of hydrocarbons in order to prevent these fractions from sticking to the surfaces of these installations with plugs formation and to support optimal fuel burning conditions. The problem of using oil gas in small power must be solved through new, cost-efficient developments that will be widely used both in high-output and small fields. To prepare associated oil gases for combustion, the design of an adsorption device is proposed, which makes it possible to reduce such phenomena when using this type of fuel as the formation of oil and paraffin deposits on the design details of gas burners, the accumulation of products of incomplete combustion of fuel on the heating elements of power plants. With the help of the newly proposed adsorption plant, the process of emulsifying and transporting petroleum gases has become more efficient. The use of this device has increased economic efficiency
{"title":"Adsorption device treatment of associated petroleum gas for power generation","authors":"Abdulaga Gurbanov, Ijabika Sardarova, Javida Damirova, Ismayil Huseynov","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003025","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocarbon resources were considered as the basis of Azerbaijan's energy security. Ensuring the most complete and rational use of oil-associated gas resources is important for improving the efficiency of the oil industry and the national economy as a whole. Associated gas from oil fields remains the least demanded hydrocarbon raw material. The perspectives for the use of oil-associated gas are associated with new directions in the technique and technology of its use as a result of the creation and implementation of mobile and stationary power plants that consume gas. Unlike natural gas produced from gas and gas condensate fields, propane-butanoic and pentane fractions, there are hexanes, heptane’s and heavy hydrocarbons, including aromatic and naphthene tic compounding. The properties of APG were studied in the laboratories. It is known that the composition of petroleum gas in a particular area, due to changes in the volume of its production on fields, is constantly changing, so it is necessary to periodically update characteristics. The standard technology on gas conditioning for combustion is supplemented with an operation to remove heavy fractions of hydrocarbons in order to prevent these fractions from sticking to the surfaces of these installations with plugs formation and to support optimal fuel burning conditions. The problem of using oil gas in small power must be solved through new, cost-efficient developments that will be widely used both in high-output and small fields. To prepare associated oil gases for combustion, the design of an adsorption device is proposed, which makes it possible to reduce such phenomena when using this type of fuel as the formation of oil and paraffin deposits on the design details of gas burners, the accumulation of products of incomplete combustion of fuel on the heating elements of power plants. With the help of the newly proposed adsorption plant, the process of emulsifying and transporting petroleum gases has become more efficient. The use of this device has increased economic efficiency","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003109
Yuriy Gevorkyan
This paper provides another proof of Fermat's theorem. As in the previous work, a geometric approach is used, namely: instead of integers a, b, c, a triangle with side lengths a, b, c is considered. To preserve the completeness of the proof of the theorem in this work, the proof is repeated for the cases of right and obtuse triangles. In this case, the Fermat equation ap+bp=cp has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and arbitrary numbers a, b, c. When considering the case when the numbers a, b, c are sides of an acute triangle, it is proven that Fermat’s equation has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and non-zero integer numbers a, b, c. Numbers a=k, b=k+m, c=k+n, where k, m, n are natural numbers that satisfy the inequalities n>m, n
本文给出了费马定理的另一个证明。与之前的工作一样，使用了几何方法，即:考虑边长为a, b, c的三角形，而不是整数a, b, c。为了保持本工作中定理证明的完整性，对直角三角形和钝角三角形重复证明。在这种情况下,费马方程ap + bp = cp没有任何自然数p>解决方案2和任意数字a, b, c。当考虑当数字,b, c是一个锐角三角形,这是证明费马方程没有任何自然数p>解决方案2和非零的整数数字a, b, c。数字= k b = k + m, c = k + n, k, m, n是自然数,满足不等式n> m, n< k + m,耗尽所有可能的变体的自然数,b, c,它们是三角形的两条边。在锐角三角形中，还满足下列条件:
为了研究费马方程，引入一个辅助函数f(k,p)=kp+(k+m)p - (k+n)p，它是变量k的自然次p的多项式，方程f(k,p)=0对任意自然
都有一个正根;证明了一个连接函数f(k,p+1)和f(k,p)的循环公式:f(k,p+1)=kf(k,p)-[n(k+n)p-m(k+m)p]。主要命题2的证明是基于考虑方程f(k,p+1)=0的假设整数解与该解对应的数
之间的所有可能关系;这个证明是用数论的数学工具、高等代数的基本原理和数学分析的基础来完成的。这些研究是作者对费马定理的一些特殊情况的证明工作的延续
{"title":"The proof of Fermat’s last theorem based on the geometric principle","authors":"Yuriy Gevorkyan","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides another proof of Fermat's theorem. As in the previous work, a geometric approach is used, namely: instead of integers a, b, c, a triangle with side lengths a, b, c is considered. To preserve the completeness of the proof of the theorem in this work, the proof is repeated for the cases of right and obtuse triangles. In this case, the Fermat equation ap+bp=cp has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and arbitrary numbers a, b, c. When considering the case when the numbers a, b, c are sides of an acute triangle, it is proven that Fermat’s equation has no solutions for any natural number p>2 and non-zero integer numbers a, b, c. Numbers a=k, b=k+m, c=k+n, where k, m, n are natural numbers that satisfy the inequalities n>m, n<k+m, exhaust all possible variants of natural numbers a, b, c, which are the sides of the triangle. In an acute triangle, the following condition is additionally satisfied:
 To study the Fermat equation, an auxiliary function f(k,p)=kp+(k+m)p–(k+n)p, is introduced, which is a polynomial of natural degree p in the variable k. The equation f(k,p)=0 has a single positive root for any natural
 A recurrent formula connecting the functions f(k,p+1) and f(k,p) has been proven: f(k,p+1)=kf(k,p)-[n(k+n)p-m(k+m)p]. The proof of the main proposition 2 is based on considering all possible relationships between the assumed integer solution of the equation f(k,p+1)=0 and the number corresponding to this solution
 The proof was carried out using the mathematical apparatus of number theory, elements of higher algebra and the foundations of mathematical analysis. These studies are a continuation of the author’s works, in which some special cases of Fermat’s theorem were proved","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135292709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002798
I Made Astika, I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya, I Dewa Gede Ary Subagia, I Ketut Gede Wirawan
The construction industry represents the largest energy-consuming sector globally, primarily due to its substantial operational processes power demand. To address this, there has been an increased emphasis on using materials capable of absorbing and storing heat as alternative energy storage in buildings. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) demonstrate this capability, harnessing the latent heat principle to absorb surplus heat energy and subsequently release it in times of deficiency. This study examines the mechanical and thermal properties of wall cladding materials integrated with PCMs, specifically beef tallow and rice husk charcoal. These composites were produced via direct incorporation, with rice husk charcoal weight fractions of 8, 10, and 12 %. This approach resulted in weight fractions of 28, 30, and 32 % in the plaster layer material. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests confirmed the PCM composite's chemical compatibility across all its components, with the composite morphology appearing as microcapsules. In terms of thermal conductivity, the addition of rice husk charcoal to beef tallow enhanced the PCM composite's performance. This enhancement indicated that approximately 10 % of rice husk charcoal weight fraction could be successfully incorporated into the plaster layer material without leakage. At an ambient temperature of 45 °C, a plaster composite with 30 wt. % PCM met the standard compressive strength for plaster coating. Furthermore, it was found that this composite could reduce the temperature by 2.4 °C. The results concluded that beef-tallow PCM exhibits promising potential as a heat storage system for buildings, contributing to energy conservation in the construction industry
{"title":"Mechanical and thermal properties of beef tallow/rice husk charcoal-based plaster for building applications","authors":"I Made Astika, I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya, I Dewa Gede Ary Subagia, I Ketut Gede Wirawan","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002798","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry represents the largest energy-consuming sector globally, primarily due to its substantial operational processes power demand. To address this, there has been an increased emphasis on using materials capable of absorbing and storing heat as alternative energy storage in buildings. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) demonstrate this capability, harnessing the latent heat principle to absorb surplus heat energy and subsequently release it in times of deficiency. This study examines the mechanical and thermal properties of wall cladding materials integrated with PCMs, specifically beef tallow and rice husk charcoal. These composites were produced via direct incorporation, with rice husk charcoal weight fractions of 8, 10, and 12 %. This approach resulted in weight fractions of 28, 30, and 32 % in the plaster layer material. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests confirmed the PCM composite's chemical compatibility across all its components, with the composite morphology appearing as microcapsules. In terms of thermal conductivity, the addition of rice husk charcoal to beef tallow enhanced the PCM composite's performance. This enhancement indicated that approximately 10 % of rice husk charcoal weight fraction could be successfully incorporated into the plaster layer material without leakage. At an ambient temperature of 45 °C, a plaster composite with 30 wt. % PCM met the standard compressive strength for plaster coating. Furthermore, it was found that this composite could reduce the temperature by 2.4 °C. The results concluded that beef-tallow PCM exhibits promising potential as a heat storage system for buildings, contributing to energy conservation in the construction industry","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003104
Oleg Anipko, Dmitro Baulin, Stanislav Horielyshev, Igor Boikov, Yurii Babkov, Oleksandr Oleksenko, Halyna Misiuk, Volodymyr Kutsenko, Mykhailo Ivanets, Valerii Voinov
World experience in storing ammunition shows that during long-term storage, pyroxylin gunpowders used in ammunition are capable of arbitrarily undergoing various physical and chemical transformations, which negatively affects the ballistic characteristics of ammunition. In some countries, ammunition is in use with a shelf life of 30–35 years or more.
Factors influencing the physicochemical stability of gunpowder charges during long-term storage have been identified.
An analysis of the chemical processes occurring in nitrocellulose gunpowders (NCP) during long-term storage is carried out, and the possibility of regenerating NCP by treatment with hydrogen peroxide is substantiated.
It is indicated that there are no methods for regenerating gunpowder charges with long shelf life. It has been shown that one of the ways to increase the ballistic and energy characteristics of long-term storage ammunition can be the regeneration of nitrocellulose gunpowder charges.
Data are presented on an experimental study to determine the characteristics of NCP after regeneration. It has been shown that when regenerating nitrocellulose gunpowder charges with hydrogen peroxide, the calorific value of the starting material increases.
Based on the results obtained, an approach to assessing the feasibility of using regeneration technology is proposed. This approach is based on the effect of mass replenishment during the regeneration process due to ongoing chemical processes and heat and mass transfer.
The ways for further research on the use of nitrocellulose as a high-calorie fuel are presented
{"title":"Study of the nitrocellulose gunpowder regeneration process using hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Oleg Anipko, Dmitro Baulin, Stanislav Horielyshev, Igor Boikov, Yurii Babkov, Oleksandr Oleksenko, Halyna Misiuk, Volodymyr Kutsenko, Mykhailo Ivanets, Valerii Voinov","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003104","url":null,"abstract":"World experience in storing ammunition shows that during long-term storage, pyroxylin gunpowders used in ammunition are capable of arbitrarily undergoing various physical and chemical transformations, which negatively affects the ballistic characteristics of ammunition. In some countries, ammunition is in use with a shelf life of 30–35 years or more.
 Factors influencing the physicochemical stability of gunpowder charges during long-term storage have been identified.
 An analysis of the chemical processes occurring in nitrocellulose gunpowders (NCP) during long-term storage is carried out, and the possibility of regenerating NCP by treatment with hydrogen peroxide is substantiated.
 It is indicated that there are no methods for regenerating gunpowder charges with long shelf life. It has been shown that one of the ways to increase the ballistic and energy characteristics of long-term storage ammunition can be the regeneration of nitrocellulose gunpowder charges.
 Data are presented on an experimental study to determine the characteristics of NCP after regeneration. It has been shown that when regenerating nitrocellulose gunpowder charges with hydrogen peroxide, the calorific value of the starting material increases.
 Based on the results obtained, an approach to assessing the feasibility of using regeneration technology is proposed. This approach is based on the effect of mass replenishment during the regeneration process due to ongoing chemical processes and heat and mass transfer.
 The ways for further research on the use of nitrocellulose as a high-calorie fuel are presented","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002791
Pham Quang Trung
The new designs or new materials used in foundries for sand casting products in Vietnam now often rely on experience and adopt the try-to-fix method to gradually find the best implementation. This method is very time-consuming, and the product is often unsatisfactory in the first many castings. This study developed a casting simulation model to compare experimental and simulated results using the Fenotec molding technology for the RV95 engine body. The 3D simulation model that was used to simulate the casting process with the same boundary conditions as the experiment also gave similar results. The results show that when making new castings for the first time from experience, there are many casting defects such as cracking, metal deficiency, porosity, etc. In order to improve the casting results, the pouring gate, the arrangement of additional risers and the size of the runner were studied on the simulation to improve the defect results on the casting. After that, the parameters in the simulation model used in the experiment reveal that the molded product meets the required quality and no longer has defects. This molded product, after checking the mechanical and geometric parameters, can be put into mass production
{"title":"Simulation and experimental study on the Fenotec casting method of the engine block RV95","authors":"Pham Quang Trung","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002791","url":null,"abstract":"The new designs or new materials used in foundries for sand casting products in Vietnam now often rely on experience and adopt the try-to-fix method to gradually find the best implementation. This method is very time-consuming, and the product is often unsatisfactory in the first many castings. This study developed a casting simulation model to compare experimental and simulated results using the Fenotec molding technology for the RV95 engine body. The 3D simulation model that was used to simulate the casting process with the same boundary conditions as the experiment also gave similar results. The results show that when making new castings for the first time from experience, there are many casting defects such as cracking, metal deficiency, porosity, etc. In order to improve the casting results, the pouring gate, the arrangement of additional risers and the size of the runner were studied on the simulation to improve the defect results on the casting. After that, the parameters in the simulation model used in the experiment reveal that the molded product meets the required quality and no longer has defects. This molded product, after checking the mechanical and geometric parameters, can be put into mass production","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase in energy consumption and demand is a problem that needs to be resolved immediately, one of the viable solutions is to develop a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) prototype. This solar cell precursor can also be used as a prototype of STEAM Education for improving students' knowledge, skills, and motivation. Consequently, it is aimed to identify the best preparation technique for DSSC and provide recommendations for designing STEAM Education prototypes in physics learning. This is a preliminary study that employs a quantitative-qualitative descriptive research approach. Based on the results of the output voltage produced by the DSSC, which was given three kinds of immersion variations, quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out to show the type of DSSC with the best preparation technique. Based on the research data, the best preparation technique for DSSC was obtained by immersing the TiO2 layer in a dye solution for 144 hours. There is a positive correlation between the duration of immersion in the dye solution and the voltage generated in the DSSC. Furthermore, the DSSC-based STEAM Education prototype could explain the concept of photo electricity effect, electromagnetic induction, converting light energy into motion, and various other science concepts in applying physics learning. The STEAM Education approach and integrating the three pillars of Education for Sustainable Development explain how science concepts can answer sustainable energy problems related to the environment, society, and economy. This implies preparing students to be the next generation of leaders with the knowledge and abilities to carry on with long-term development plans
{"title":"Development of dye-sensitized solar cells STEAM learning prototype for supporting educational for sustainable development","authors":"Eko Hariyono, Nadi Suprapto, Isna Zakhiyah, Mohamad Hisyam Ismail","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002928","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in energy consumption and demand is a problem that needs to be resolved immediately, one of the viable solutions is to develop a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) prototype. This solar cell precursor can also be used as a prototype of STEAM Education for improving students' knowledge, skills, and motivation. Consequently, it is aimed to identify the best preparation technique for DSSC and provide recommendations for designing STEAM Education prototypes in physics learning. This is a preliminary study that employs a quantitative-qualitative descriptive research approach. Based on the results of the output voltage produced by the DSSC, which was given three kinds of immersion variations, quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out to show the type of DSSC with the best preparation technique. Based on the research data, the best preparation technique for DSSC was obtained by immersing the TiO2 layer in a dye solution for 144 hours. There is a positive correlation between the duration of immersion in the dye solution and the voltage generated in the DSSC. Furthermore, the DSSC-based STEAM Education prototype could explain the concept of photo electricity effect, electromagnetic induction, converting light energy into motion, and various other science concepts in applying physics learning. The STEAM Education approach and integrating the three pillars of Education for Sustainable Development explain how science concepts can answer sustainable energy problems related to the environment, society, and economy. This implies preparing students to be the next generation of leaders with the knowledge and abilities to carry on with long-term development plans","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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