Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003157
S. A. Abed, Samah R. Hassan, Abdulrehman Jomah, Muammel M. Hanon
The abrasive wear rate of epoxy composites reinforced with fillers sourced from recycled natural waste consisting of pollen of palm (PPW) and seashells (SSW) was studied. Due to the importance of polymer composites used in the tribological couplings of machinery structures, as well as their possible use in brake pads as alternative materials for harmful components in environmentally polluted asbestos, the current research seeks to develop the tribological properties of composite materials reinforced with natural fillers and environmentally friendly. The research investigated the effect of two factors, the weight percentage of natural filler wt. % (0.5 %,1 %, and 1.5 %) and testing loads (1000 g, 2000 g, 3000 g) upon the wear resistance of epoxy composites. The importance of developing epoxy compounds is evident, especially since their work does not require lubricating conditions in various industrial fields, and therefore the development of their bonding properties will increase their operational life and achieve economic benefit for the industrial sector and the environment at the same time. The epoxy composites were subjected to abrasive wear tests under dry friction conditions using a pin-on-disc system. Signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis is adopted to study the influence of the two factors, wt. % and test loads, upon the tribological wear resistance of epoxy composites. A predictive model depending on the regression equation was developed to predict the wear resistance of epoxy composites. The results showed an improvement in the wear resistance of the composite material compared to the epoxy sample without filling by about 47 %. The optimum condition for wear resistance of epoxy composites has been achieved with a weight ratio of (1.5 %) and an applied load of 1000 g
{"title":"Prediction on the wear rate of epoxy composites reinforced micro-filler of the natural material residue using Taguchi – neural network","authors":"S. A. Abed, Samah R. Hassan, Abdulrehman Jomah, Muammel M. Hanon","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003157","url":null,"abstract":"The abrasive wear rate of epoxy composites reinforced with fillers sourced from recycled natural waste consisting of pollen of palm (PPW) and seashells (SSW) was studied. Due to the importance of polymer composites used in the tribological couplings of machinery structures, as well as their possible use in brake pads as alternative materials for harmful components in environmentally polluted asbestos, the current research seeks to develop the tribological properties of composite materials reinforced with natural fillers and environmentally friendly. The research investigated the effect of two factors, the weight percentage of natural filler wt. % (0.5 %,1 %, and 1.5 %) and testing loads (1000 g, 2000 g, 3000 g) upon the wear resistance of epoxy composites. The importance of developing epoxy compounds is evident, especially since their work does not require lubricating conditions in various industrial fields, and therefore the development of their bonding properties will increase their operational life and achieve economic benefit for the industrial sector and the environment at the same time. The epoxy composites were subjected to abrasive wear tests under dry friction conditions using a pin-on-disc system. Signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis is adopted to study the influence of the two factors, wt. % and test loads, upon the tribological wear resistance of epoxy composites. A predictive model depending on the regression equation was developed to predict the wear resistance of epoxy composites. The results showed an improvement in the wear resistance of the composite material compared to the epoxy sample without filling by about 47 %. The optimum condition for wear resistance of epoxy composites has been achieved with a weight ratio of (1.5 %) and an applied load of 1000 g","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003165
Samran Lertkonsarn, Chadarat Khwunnak, N. Angkawisittpan, Sivarit Sultornsanee
Bandpass filters are integral in modern communication systems for selecting specific frequency ranges to ensure interference-free signal transmission and reception. This paper explores various bandpass filter designs, including those using active inductors, transmission-line unit-cells, microstrip open-loop resonators, and dual-port dual-frequency integration antennas. The focus is on the 10.7-MHz bandpass filter, widely used in FM radio and television systems. The study evaluates current-controlled and balanced designs, analyzing their performance, advantages, and drawbacks. Unique trade-offs in terms of linearity, distortion, temperature sensitivity, and component variations are discussed. Additionally, advancements in filter technology and diverse design options are presented. The paper introduces a novel current-balanced, frequency-adjusted bandpass filter to address odd-order noise issues. This filter aims to achieve high linearity, harmonic distortion attenuation, and the elimination of even-order harmonics. Through synthesis, analysis, simulation, and comparison with traditional filters, the proposed design enhances signal quality and efficiency. The fully-balanced current-tunable bandpass filter with the Caprio technique at 10.7 MHz is developed, exhibiting symmetrical characteristics with lower total harmonic distortion. The circuit’s structure is simple and adaptable for integration, validated through consistent simulation results. The study concludes by emphasizing the constant sensitivity of transistor differential amplifier circuits to the center frequency and the linear relationship between center frequency and adjustable bias current. The suggested transistor and capacitor selection criteria contribute to optimizing the circuit’s performance, aligning with the Caprio technique’s recommendations. Overall, this research presents a promising solution for achieving high-quality signal transmission in contemporary communication systems
{"title":"The development of a 10.7-MHz fully balanced current-tunable bandpass filter with Caprio technique","authors":"Samran Lertkonsarn, Chadarat Khwunnak, N. Angkawisittpan, Sivarit Sultornsanee","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003165","url":null,"abstract":"Bandpass filters are integral in modern communication systems for selecting specific frequency ranges to ensure interference-free signal transmission and reception. This paper explores various bandpass filter designs, including those using active inductors, transmission-line unit-cells, microstrip open-loop resonators, and dual-port dual-frequency integration antennas. The focus is on the 10.7-MHz bandpass filter, widely used in FM radio and television systems. The study evaluates current-controlled and balanced designs, analyzing their performance, advantages, and drawbacks. Unique trade-offs in terms of linearity, distortion, temperature sensitivity, and component variations are discussed. Additionally, advancements in filter technology and diverse design options are presented. The paper introduces a novel current-balanced, frequency-adjusted bandpass filter to address odd-order noise issues. This filter aims to achieve high linearity, harmonic distortion attenuation, and the elimination of even-order harmonics. Through synthesis, analysis, simulation, and comparison with traditional filters, the proposed design enhances signal quality and efficiency. The fully-balanced current-tunable bandpass filter with the Caprio technique at 10.7 MHz is developed, exhibiting symmetrical characteristics with lower total harmonic distortion. The circuit’s structure is simple and adaptable for integration, validated through consistent simulation results. The study concludes by emphasizing the constant sensitivity of transistor differential amplifier circuits to the center frequency and the linear relationship between center frequency and adjustable bias current. The suggested transistor and capacitor selection criteria contribute to optimizing the circuit’s performance, aligning with the Caprio technique’s recommendations. Overall, this research presents a promising solution for achieving high-quality signal transmission in contemporary communication systems","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003164
Minira Aghahuseynova, Leyla Vazirova
As a result of scientific research, it was found that synthesized pure sorbents based on a composite of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and AlgBT have an increased adsorption capacity due to the inclusion of double hydroxides and an alginate matrix. The processes of complex formation occur according to the principle of maximum inheritance of the structural features of the original coordination compounds, which make it possible to predict and implement the hypothetical structures of new compounds. All this significantly improves the adsorption capacity of the developed adsorbents with respect to phosphate ions. Modified sorbents with a clay basis are therefore a particularly intriguing field. The current research constructed and described modified sorbents, and then conducted tests in the laboratory to determine how well they absorbed phosphate. This study used spectroscopic techniques (SEM, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and XRD analytical methods) to examine the structure and physicochemical characteristics of improved ecologically friendly sorbents based on alginates, bentonite, and nanoparticles. The alginate core may be physically and chemically modified and can take part in a variety of phosphate anion adsorption methods thanks to the active COOH and OH groups that are present there. The sorption efficiency was established for a modified Fe3O4NPs@AlgBT. Equilibrium in the system sorbent-an aqueous solution of Na2HPO4 is established in 10 hours after the start of sorption, while two-thirds of all sobbed anions pass into the solid phase during the first two hours. The limiting sorption of phosphate ions on modified Fe3O4NPs@AlgBT reaches 410 mg/g, which makes it possible to offer it as an effective sorbent for industrial wastewater treatment
{"title":"Development of environmentally-friendly modified bioadsorbents for water treatment","authors":"Minira Aghahuseynova, Leyla Vazirova","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003164","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of scientific research, it was found that synthesized pure sorbents based on a composite of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and AlgBT have an increased adsorption capacity due to the inclusion of double hydroxides and an alginate matrix. The processes of complex formation occur according to the principle of maximum inheritance of the structural features of the original coordination compounds, which make it possible to predict and implement the hypothetical structures of new compounds. All this significantly improves the adsorption capacity of the developed adsorbents with respect to phosphate ions. Modified sorbents with a clay basis are therefore a particularly intriguing field. The current research constructed and described modified sorbents, and then conducted tests in the laboratory to determine how well they absorbed phosphate. This study used spectroscopic techniques (SEM, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and XRD analytical methods) to examine the structure and physicochemical characteristics of improved ecologically friendly sorbents based on alginates, bentonite, and nanoparticles. The alginate core may be physically and chemically modified and can take part in a variety of phosphate anion adsorption methods thanks to the active COOH and OH groups that are present there. The sorption efficiency was established for a modified Fe3O4NPs@AlgBT. Equilibrium in the system sorbent-an aqueous solution of Na2HPO4 is established in 10 hours after the start of sorption, while two-thirds of all sobbed anions pass into the solid phase during the first two hours. The limiting sorption of phosphate ions on modified Fe3O4NPs@AlgBT reaches 410 mg/g, which makes it possible to offer it as an effective sorbent for industrial wastewater treatment","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003161
Tuan-Linh Nguyen, Hong Tien Nguyen, Van Thien Nguyen, Duc Duong Khuat
Porosity and coating hardness are two very important properties of the coating. In order to achieve low coating porosity and high hardness, a suitable spray mode is desired. In the particular application for press screws with the complex surface, a suitable spray mode plays a significant role in the formation of the coating properties. This paper employs the Taguchi experimental design method combined with ANOVA analysis to evaluate the impact of the spray mode on the porosity and hardness of the coating while spraying the screw surface using the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) method. The injection material used is WC HMSP1060-00 +60 % 4070, with its main components being Nickel and Carbide Wolfram. And the press screw material is 1045 steel. The impactful parameters of the spray mode investigated and tested are the flow rate of spray (F) with a range varying from 25 g/min to 35 g/min, spray distance (D) with a range of values varying from 0.25 m to 0.35 m, and an oxygen/propane ratio (R) from 4 to 6. The analysis shows that the spray mode significantly affects the coating properties, and a suitable set of spray parameters is found to achieve low coating porosity and high coating hardness. The spray mode with the lowest porosity is achieved at a spray rate (F) of 35 g/min, a spray distance (D) of 0.3 m, and an oxygen/propane ratio (R) of 6. The interactions between D and R, as well as between F and D, are statistically significant, influencing each other's effects on porosity. However, the interaction between F and R is relatively low, indicating that changes in one parameter have less impact on porosity when the other parameter is varied. Similarly, for the highest coating hardness, the optimal spray mode includes an F of 35 g/min, D of 0.25 m, and R of 6. There is a significant interaction between F and D, while the interaction between F and R is relatively low. Notably, there is no interaction between F and R
{"title":"Analysis of the effect of spray mode on coating porosity and hardness when spraying press screws by the high velocity oxy fuel method","authors":"Tuan-Linh Nguyen, Hong Tien Nguyen, Van Thien Nguyen, Duc Duong Khuat","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003161","url":null,"abstract":"Porosity and coating hardness are two very important properties of the coating. In order to achieve low coating porosity and high hardness, a suitable spray mode is desired. In the particular application for press screws with the complex surface, a suitable spray mode plays a significant role in the formation of the coating properties. This paper employs the Taguchi experimental design method combined with ANOVA analysis to evaluate the impact of the spray mode on the porosity and hardness of the coating while spraying the screw surface using the High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) method. The injection material used is WC HMSP1060-00 +60 % 4070, with its main components being Nickel and Carbide Wolfram. And the press screw material is 1045 steel. The impactful parameters of the spray mode investigated and tested are the flow rate of spray (F) with a range varying from 25 g/min to 35 g/min, spray distance (D) with a range of values varying from 0.25 m to 0.35 m, and an oxygen/propane ratio (R) from 4 to 6. The analysis shows that the spray mode significantly affects the coating properties, and a suitable set of spray parameters is found to achieve low coating porosity and high coating hardness. The spray mode with the lowest porosity is achieved at a spray rate (F) of 35 g/min, a spray distance (D) of 0.3 m, and an oxygen/propane ratio (R) of 6. The interactions between D and R, as well as between F and D, are statistically significant, influencing each other's effects on porosity. However, the interaction between F and R is relatively low, indicating that changes in one parameter have less impact on porosity when the other parameter is varied. Similarly, for the highest coating hardness, the optimal spray mode includes an F of 35 g/min, D of 0.25 m, and R of 6. There is a significant interaction between F and D, while the interaction between F and R is relatively low. Notably, there is no interaction between F and R","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002843
Waskito, Randi Purnama Putra, Junil Adri, Dori Yuvenda, Jasman, Irzal
The humidity used in the painting process greatly determines the result of painting the car body. This study aims to develop a dry air compressor that can be used to overcome car paint defects. This system consists of a 2 HP compressor engine for sucking air from the atmosphere, two air collection tubes where the first tube contains air obtained from the atmosphere and the second tube contains dry air obtained from the first tube. The inside of the first tube is given a copper coil measuring 5 mm in diameter which is connected to a 120-watt cooler while the second tube is not given a copper coil. Each tube has a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 100 cm. The addition of copper coil aims to separate air from water by means of the condensation process which is the development of this study. Testing of compressor performance is done by turning on the compressor with the exhaust valve closed. After 60 minutes, the air pressure in each tube increased from 0 Psi to 89 Psi, the humidity decreased from 52 % to 38 %, and the temperature decreased from 31.6 °C to 18.2 °C. To see the effect of cooling on the air, the exhaust valves on both tubes were opened. In the first tube there is water coming out, as much as approximately 100 ml while in the second tube there is no water coming out. The water that comes out of the first tube is caused by the condensation process that separates the air from the water and due to the influence of gravity the water falls to the bottom of the tube. The dry air contained at the top of the first tube is flowed into the second tube and is ready to be used for painting the car body. The painting results show that there are no more small holes or paint defects on the paint surface
{"title":"Dry air compressor for car painting quality improvement","authors":"Waskito, Randi Purnama Putra, Junil Adri, Dori Yuvenda, Jasman, Irzal","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002843","url":null,"abstract":"The humidity used in the painting process greatly determines the result of painting the car body. This study aims to develop a dry air compressor that can be used to overcome car paint defects. This system consists of a 2 HP compressor engine for sucking air from the atmosphere, two air collection tubes where the first tube contains air obtained from the atmosphere and the second tube contains dry air obtained from the first tube. The inside of the first tube is given a copper coil measuring 5 mm in diameter which is connected to a 120-watt cooler while the second tube is not given a copper coil. Each tube has a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 100 cm. The addition of copper coil aims to separate air from water by means of the condensation process which is the development of this study. Testing of compressor performance is done by turning on the compressor with the exhaust valve closed. After 60 minutes, the air pressure in each tube increased from 0 Psi to 89 Psi, the humidity decreased from 52 % to 38 %, and the temperature decreased from 31.6 °C to 18.2 °C. To see the effect of cooling on the air, the exhaust valves on both tubes were opened. In the first tube there is water coming out, as much as approximately 100 ml while in the second tube there is no water coming out. The water that comes out of the first tube is caused by the condensation process that separates the air from the water and due to the influence of gravity the water falls to the bottom of the tube. The dry air contained at the top of the first tube is flowed into the second tube and is ready to be used for painting the car body. The painting results show that there are no more small holes or paint defects on the paint surface","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002865
Sulistiyanto, Ranu Setyobudi, Tijaniyah
Carp is a type of consumption fish that is much favored by people in Indonesia, because Carp has a lot of protein and meat with good taste. In addition, Carp can be cultivated using tarpaulin ponds, because it saves land and land rental costs. In addition, Carp can be harvested in just 7 months. According to carp cultivators, market demand tends to increase every day, making the need for carp increase and causing Indonesian people to cultivate carp. In this case, it is necessary to apply technology that can help the community in the field of aquaculture, which can be controlled remotely and can monitor the condition of the water in the ponds. The purpose of this study is to find out how pool water filtration works and monitor water conditions using a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensor. The selection of sensor inputs and set point values must be in accordance with the water quality conditions in the Carp pond. The use of the TDS sensor here functions as a detector for turbidity values in Carp ponds that have been set on the NodeMCU ESP32, a submersible water pump as output and the Blynk application as monitoring. The method used, Literature Study, Research Design, Field Study, Functional Testing, Data Processing, Analysis. Because it uses Internet of Thing (IoT) technology in this study, the monitoring and filtering control process can be done anywhere and anytime as long as it is connected to the internet network. From the results of testing the tool on 3 types of water, namely mineral water, clean water, and turbid water, the results for turbid water with 400–600 ppm turned out to be 479 ppm, the value is in the middle between 478 ppm mineral water and 480 ppm clean water. So it can be concluded that this tool works well and can be used in Carp ponds
{"title":"Utilization of tds sensors for water quality monitoring and water filtering of carp pools using IoT","authors":"Sulistiyanto, Ranu Setyobudi, Tijaniyah","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002865","url":null,"abstract":"Carp is a type of consumption fish that is much favored by people in Indonesia, because Carp has a lot of protein and meat with good taste. In addition, Carp can be cultivated using tarpaulin ponds, because it saves land and land rental costs. In addition, Carp can be harvested in just 7 months. According to carp cultivators, market demand tends to increase every day, making the need for carp increase and causing Indonesian people to cultivate carp. In this case, it is necessary to apply technology that can help the community in the field of aquaculture, which can be controlled remotely and can monitor the condition of the water in the ponds. The purpose of this study is to find out how pool water filtration works and monitor water conditions using a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensor. The selection of sensor inputs and set point values must be in accordance with the water quality conditions in the Carp pond. The use of the TDS sensor here functions as a detector for turbidity values in Carp ponds that have been set on the NodeMCU ESP32, a submersible water pump as output and the Blynk application as monitoring. The method used, Literature Study, Research Design, Field Study, Functional Testing, Data Processing, Analysis. Because it uses Internet of Thing (IoT) technology in this study, the monitoring and filtering control process can be done anywhere and anytime as long as it is connected to the internet network. From the results of testing the tool on 3 types of water, namely mineral water, clean water, and turbid water, the results for turbid water with 400–600 ppm turned out to be 479 ppm, the value is in the middle between 478 ppm mineral water and 480 ppm clean water. So it can be concluded that this tool works well and can be used in Carp ponds","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002862
Randi Purnama Putra, Waskito, Dori Yuvenda, Junil Adri
The extent of existing corn land in Indonesia and the activities carried out by farmers in corn farming requires the innovation of an effective and efficient corn harvesting machine. This underlies the Research Center for Appropriate Technology located at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang to design a corn harvesting tractor that can facilitate the community in carrying out activities in the agricultural sector. The design of the corn harvester tractor consists of the harvester mechanism, the frame, the engine, and the powertrain. The frame is a crucial component of the corn harvester tractor, and its strength depends on its shape and proportions. The construction's strength of the frame must take into account both safety considerations and the structure's strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frame strength of a corn harvester tractor made of steel of the ASTM A36 type. In this study, the von Mises stress that exists in the frame is used to calculate the strength of the frame of a corn harvester tractor. In numerical analysis, the chassis utilizes two tests with various load variations, namely the concentrated load and the load that is evenly distributed on the surface. The simulation results show that the frame of the corn harvester tractor can withstand the load well. The results of the stress analysis that occurs on the frame of the corn harvester tractor are that the maximum stress that occurs due to the concentrated load on the frame is 3.248 MPa. While the maximum stress that occurs due to the distributed load acting on the frame is 3.510 MPa. In addition, information was obtained that the value of the safety factor for the frame with ASTM A36 type met the component requirements that could withstand concentrated loads and distributed loads
{"title":"Stress analysis of the frame of a corn harvesting tractor","authors":"Randi Purnama Putra, Waskito, Dori Yuvenda, Junil Adri","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002862","url":null,"abstract":"The extent of existing corn land in Indonesia and the activities carried out by farmers in corn farming requires the innovation of an effective and efficient corn harvesting machine. This underlies the Research Center for Appropriate Technology located at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang to design a corn harvesting tractor that can facilitate the community in carrying out activities in the agricultural sector. The design of the corn harvester tractor consists of the harvester mechanism, the frame, the engine, and the powertrain. The frame is a crucial component of the corn harvester tractor, and its strength depends on its shape and proportions. The construction's strength of the frame must take into account both safety considerations and the structure's strength. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frame strength of a corn harvester tractor made of steel of the ASTM A36 type. In this study, the von Mises stress that exists in the frame is used to calculate the strength of the frame of a corn harvester tractor. In numerical analysis, the chassis utilizes two tests with various load variations, namely the concentrated load and the load that is evenly distributed on the surface. The simulation results show that the frame of the corn harvester tractor can withstand the load well. The results of the stress analysis that occurs on the frame of the corn harvester tractor are that the maximum stress that occurs due to the concentrated load on the frame is 3.248 MPa. While the maximum stress that occurs due to the distributed load acting on the frame is 3.510 MPa. In addition, information was obtained that the value of the safety factor for the frame with ASTM A36 type met the component requirements that could withstand concentrated loads and distributed loads","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.003046
H. Thinh, N. Mai
Transmission rod is an indispensable part in diesel and gasoline engines. Its job is to convert rotation into translational motion or vice versa. The transmission rod material selection plays a very important role, affecting its working function and durability. This study was conducted to compare two Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods in transmission rod material selection. They are PIV (Proximity Indexed Value) method, and FUCA (Faire Un Choi Adéquat) method. Seven types of steel commonly used in transmission rods were reviewed for ranking, inclusive of: 20 steel, 40 steel, 45 steel, 18Cr2Ni4WA steel, 30 CrMoA steel, 45Mn2 steel and 40CrNi steel. Nine parameters were used as criteria to evaluate each steel including minimum yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, minimum elongation ratio, contraction ratio, modulus of elasticity, mean coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, specific thermal capacity, and density. The weights of the criteria were calculated using three methods inclusive of MEAN weight method, Entropy weight method and MEREC weight method (Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria). Each MCDM method was combined with the three weight methods mentioned above to rank the alternatives. The obtained results show that when using both PIV and FUCA methods to rank the alternatives, the best and worst alternatives are found regardless of the weight of the criteria. The best alternative determined using the PIV method is also the best alternative determined using the FUCA method. It means that the two PIV and FUCA methods have been shown to be equally effective. Among the seven transmission rod materials reviewed, 20 steel was identified as the best, and 40CrNi steel was identified as the worst
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Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002847
Carlos Alberto Romero Piedrahita, Mauricio Monroy Jaramillo, Juan David Ramírez Alzate
As mechanical efficiency has great relevance in the alternative engine performance, the authors research in the development of testing facilities to characterize the sources of engine mechanical losses. The present paper deals with the realization of a hardware platform to conduct experimental studies in small combustion engines to experimentally characterize the mechanical losses of a single-cylinder internal combustion engine by means of the indicated diagram and motoring methods. The system was completed by means of an electrical motor-generator coupled to a single-cylinder air-cooled spark ignition engine, a self-developed electronic hardware control, and a PC-based instrumentation and data acquisition system. Specifications of load-motoring-starting system, including the description of the proprietary electronic load regulation system, are detailed. Also, the instrumentation system of in-cylinder and intake pressures; Temperatures of intake air, exhaust gases, lubricant oil, and engine block; effective torque and crankshaft position are described, including the signal acquisition system. The methodologies for indicated diagram and motoring method are described, mentioning the required measurements to apply each method and the engine load-temperature considerations when an engine is tested in fired or motored conditions. The platform was used to study the mechanical losses of the engine under motored and fired conditions under a wide range of rotational speeds and throttle openings, allowing to draw conclusions about the operating features of the developed test bench in itself, and also about the mechanical losses of the engine tested. Initially, samples of cylinder pressure, torque, intake pressure as function of crank angle and indicate diagram were obtained, showing similar waveforms present in related literature. Then, variations of the aforementioned temperatures against rotation speed and throttle opening and results for the mechanical losses determined by indicated diagram and motoring methods are shown. Finally, two empirical correlations are proposed to estimate the mechanical losses. In the future the hardware platform will be utilized to investigate in-cylinder engine parameters, detailed thermal and mechanical engine performance
由于机械效率与替代发动机的性能密切相关，作者研究开发了测试设备，以确定发动机机械损失的来源。本文论述了在小型内燃机中进行实验研究的硬件平台的实现情况，以通过指示图和发动机方法对单缸内燃机的机械损耗进行实验表征。该系统由一个与单缸风冷火花点火发动机耦合的电动发电机、一个自主开发的电子硬件控制装置以及一个基于 PC 的仪器和数据采集系统组成。详细介绍了负载电机启动系统的规格，包括专有电子负载调节系统的说明。此外，还介绍了缸内压力和进气压力；进气、废气、润滑油和发动机缸体的温度；有效扭矩和曲轴位置的仪表系统，包括信号采集系统。介绍了指示图和发动机方法，提到了应用每种方法所需的测量值，以及发动机在点火或点火条件下进行测试时对发动机负荷-温度的考虑。该平台用于研究发动机在各种转速和节气门开度条件下，在起动和点火条件下的机械损耗，从而得出关于所开发测试台本身的运行特征以及所测试发动机机械损耗的结论。首先，获得了气缸压力、扭矩、进气压力与曲柄角度的函数关系样本和指示图，显示了相关文献中的类似波形。然后，显示了上述温度随转速和节气门开度的变化，以及通过指示图和驾驶方法确定的机械损失结果。最后，提出了两个经验相关系数来估算机械损耗。未来将利用该硬件平台研究发动机缸内参数、发动机的详细热性能和机械性能。
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The discrete element method (DEM) is a computational technique extensively utilized for simulating particles on a large scale, specifically focusing on granular materials. Nonetheless, its implementation requires a substantial amount of computational power and accurate material properties. Consequently, this study delves into an alternative approach referred to as volume-based scaled-up modeling, aiming to simulate polypropylene particles using DEM while mitigating the computational burden and regenerating new material properties. This novel method aims to reduce the CPU time required for the simulation process and represent both the macro mechanical behavior and micro material properties of polypropylene particles. To accomplish this, the dimensions of the polypropylene particles in the DEM simulation were magnified by a factor of two compared to the original size of the prolate spheroid particles. In order to determine the virtual micro material properties of the polypropylene particles, a calibration method incorporating the design of experiments (DOE) and repose surface methodology was employed. The predicted bulk angle of repose (AOR) derived from the upscaled DEM parameters exhibited a remarkably close agreement with the empirical AOR test, demonstrating a small relative error of merely 1.69 %. Moreover, the CPU time required for the upscaled particle model proved to be less than 71 % of that necessary for the actual-scale model of polypropylene particles. These compelling results confirm the effectiveness of enlarging the particle volume used to calibrate micro-material properties in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) through the DOE technique. This approach proves to be a reliable and efficient method
离散元法（DEM）是一种广泛应用于大规模颗粒模拟的计算技术，尤其侧重于颗粒材料。然而，其实施需要大量的计算能力和精确的材料属性。因此，本研究探讨了一种替代方法，即基于体积的放大建模，旨在使用 DEM 模拟聚丙烯颗粒，同时减轻计算负担并重新生成新的材料属性。这种新方法旨在减少模拟过程所需的 CPU 时间，同时表现聚丙烯粒子的宏观机械行为和微观材料特性。为此，在 DEM 模拟中，聚丙烯颗粒的尺寸比原始球形颗粒的尺寸放大了两倍。为了确定聚丙烯颗粒的虚拟微观材料特性，采用了一种结合了实验设计 (DOE) 和静止面方法的校准方法。从放大的 DEM 参数得出的预测体型休止角 (AOR) 与经验 AOR 测试非常接近，相对误差很小，仅为 1.69%。此外，事实证明，放大颗粒模型所需的 CPU 时间不到聚丙烯颗粒实际尺寸模型所需时间的 71%。这些令人信服的结果证实了通过 DOE 技术扩大离散元素法（DEM）中用于校准微观材料特性的颗粒体积的有效性。这种方法被证明是一种可靠而高效的方法
{"title":"Calibrating polypropylene particle model parameters with upscaling and repose surface method","authors":"Supattarachai Sudsawat, Pornchai Chongchitpaisan, Pirapat Arunyanart","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002968","url":null,"abstract":"The discrete element method (DEM) is a computational technique extensively utilized for simulating particles on a large scale, specifically focusing on granular materials. Nonetheless, its implementation requires a substantial amount of computational power and accurate material properties. Consequently, this study delves into an alternative approach referred to as volume-based scaled-up modeling, aiming to simulate polypropylene particles using DEM while mitigating the computational burden and regenerating new material properties. This novel method aims to reduce the CPU time required for the simulation process and represent both the macro mechanical behavior and micro material properties of polypropylene particles. To accomplish this, the dimensions of the polypropylene particles in the DEM simulation were magnified by a factor of two compared to the original size of the prolate spheroid particles. In order to determine the virtual micro material properties of the polypropylene particles, a calibration method incorporating the design of experiments (DOE) and repose surface methodology was employed. The predicted bulk angle of repose (AOR) derived from the upscaled DEM parameters exhibited a remarkably close agreement with the empirical AOR test, demonstrating a small relative error of merely 1.69 %. Moreover, the CPU time required for the upscaled particle model proved to be less than 71 % of that necessary for the actual-scale model of polypropylene particles. These compelling results confirm the effectiveness of enlarging the particle volume used to calibrate micro-material properties in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) through the DOE technique. This approach proves to be a reliable and efficient method","PeriodicalId":11804,"journal":{"name":"EUREKA: Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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