The dripping behaviour of polymers is often observed experimentally through the UL94 flammability standard test. In this work, polymeric dripping under fire is investigated numerically using particle finite element method. A parametric analysis was carried out to observe the influence of a single property on overall dripping behaviour via a UL94 vertical test model. Surrogates and property ranges were defined for variation of the following parameters: glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), decomposition temperature (Td), density (ρ), specific heat capacity (Cp), apparent effective heat of combustion of the volatiles, char yield (µ), thermal conductivity (k), and viscosity (η). Polyamide, poly(ether ether ketone), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polysulfone were used as benchmarks. Simulated results showed that specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and char yield allied with viscosity were the properties that most influenced dripping behaviour (starting time and occurrence).
{"title":"The effects of property variation on the dripping behaviour of polymers during UL94 test simulated by particle finite element method","authors":"Analice Turski Silva Diniz, Bernhard Schartel","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0194","url":null,"abstract":"The dripping behaviour of polymers is often observed experimentally through the UL94 flammability standard test. In this work, polymeric dripping under fire is investigated numerically using particle finite element method. A parametric analysis was carried out to observe the influence of a single property on overall dripping behaviour via a UL94 vertical test model. Surrogates and property ranges were defined for variation of the following parameters: glass transition temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>g</jats:sub>), melting temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub>), decomposition temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>d</jats:sub>), density (<jats:italic>ρ</jats:italic>), specific heat capacity (Cp), apparent effective heat of combustion of the volatiles, char yield (<jats:italic>µ</jats:italic>), thermal conductivity (<jats:italic>k</jats:italic>), and viscosity (<jats:italic>η</jats:italic>). Polyamide, poly(ether ether ketone), poly(methyl methacrylate), and polysulfone were used as benchmarks. Simulated results showed that specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and char yield allied with viscosity were the properties that most influenced dripping behaviour (starting time and occurrence).","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140167971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capacitive deionization electrode prepared by coating was commonly investigated, with polymer solution as binder and active particles as adsorbent. In the coating process, microstructure constituted by the two components was damaged by shear, then rebuilt when shear was removed. The microstructure strongly influenced the surface structure of the coated electrodes, further to performance and cycle life. The discussion of the interaction between the components in the coating process facilitates the identification of structural mechanisms. Rheology bridged the flow regimes in macroscale and interaction in microscale, through which the interaction between the polymer and particles can be investigated in a macroscopic phenomenon. In this study, hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were used as binders to prepare the suspension for coating. The influence of polymer molecular structure to interaction and microstructure was investigated by rheology. Results showed that the flexibility of polymer determined the adsorption morphology, leading to different flocculation structures. For rigid PVA, a 3d-crosslinked network was formed, giving a tough coating. While for flexible PEO, encapsulation structure was formed, leading to a brittle coating. A model based on bridging flocculation was evaluated to describe the formation and destruction of the flocculation structure. And a rheological method for binder selection and coating operation was proposed.
以聚合物溶液为粘合剂，活性颗粒为吸附剂，通过涂层制备电容式去离子电极的研究很普遍。在涂覆过程中，两种成分构成的微观结构受到剪切力的破坏，然后在去除剪切力后重建。微观结构对涂层电极的表面结构有很大影响，并进一步影响电极的性能和循环寿命。对涂层过程中各成分之间相互作用的讨论有助于确定结构机制。流变学为宏观尺度的流动和微观尺度的相互作用架起了桥梁，通过流变学可以在宏观现象中研究聚合物和颗粒之间的相互作用。本研究使用亲水性聚合物聚乙烯醇（PVA）和聚环氧乙烷（PEO）作为粘合剂制备涂层悬浮液。流变学研究了聚合物分子结构对相互作用和微观结构的影响。结果表明，聚合物的柔韧性决定了吸附形态，从而导致不同的絮凝结构。对于刚性 PVA，形成了 3d 交联网络，形成了坚韧的涂层。而对于柔性 PEO，则形成了封装结构，导致涂层变脆。评估了一个基于架桥絮凝的模型，以描述絮凝结构的形成和破坏。此外，还提出了一种用于选择粘合剂和涂层操作的流变学方法。
{"title":"Rheological behavior of particle-filled polymer suspensions and its influence on surface structure of the coated electrodes","authors":"Hao Ming, Yinyan Guan, Cong Geng, Yingjun Gao, Jing Meng, Jiyan Liang","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0133","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive deionization electrode prepared by coating was commonly investigated, with polymer solution as binder and active particles as adsorbent. In the coating process, microstructure constituted by the two components was damaged by shear, then rebuilt when shear was removed. The microstructure strongly influenced the surface structure of the coated electrodes, further to performance and cycle life. The discussion of the interaction between the components in the coating process facilitates the identification of structural mechanisms. Rheology bridged the flow regimes in macroscale and interaction in microscale, through which the interaction between the polymer and particles can be investigated in a macroscopic phenomenon. In this study, hydrophilic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were used as binders to prepare the suspension for coating. The influence of polymer molecular structure to interaction and microstructure was investigated by rheology. Results showed that the flexibility of polymer determined the adsorption morphology, leading to different flocculation structures. For rigid PVA, a 3d-crosslinked network was formed, giving a tough coating. While for flexible PEO, encapsulation structure was formed, leading to a brittle coating. A model based on bridging flocculation was evaluated to describe the formation and destruction of the flocculation structure. And a rheological method for binder selection and coating operation was proposed.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaofeng Yu, Jiawei Xie, Bixing Yan, Renyuan Song, Kun Chen, Hegang Yan
Porous molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres were synthesized via iniferter-suspension polymerization method, employing lenacil (LA) as the template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. The host–guest complexes formed using LA and MAA were characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that the interaction between LA and MAA mainly relied on hydrogen bonding. The surface morphologies and chemical structures of the MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. MIPs were spherical in shape with a relatively regular sphericity, rough surface structure, and numerous small holes, which significantly reduced the mass transfer resistance of the template molecules and exhibited excellent recognition performance for template molecules. In addition, soil samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction columns molecularly imprinted with LA, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries of LA, bromacil, and terbacil were up to 89.65%, 53.17%, and 44.63%, respectively. The developed method showed a minimum detection limit of 10–50 µg·mL−1. In view of the continuous increase of public requirements for pesticide residue detection, a versatile pretreatment method was developed that is green, rapid, simple, and can be miniaturized.
以来那西尔（LA）为模板分子，甲基丙烯酸（MAA）为功能单体，通过增殖悬浮聚合法合成了多孔分子印迹聚合物（MIP）微球。利用氢核磁共振和紫外可见吸收光谱对以 LA 和 MAA 形成的主客复合物进行了表征。结果表明，LA 和 MAA 之间的相互作用主要依靠氢键。扫描电子显微镜对 MIPs 的表面形态和化学结构进行了表征。MIPs呈球形，球度相对规则，表面结构粗糙，并有许多小孔，这大大降低了模板分子的传质阻力，对模板分子具有良好的识别性能。此外，土壤样品经与 LA 分子印迹的固相萃取柱预处理后，采用高效液相色谱法进行分析。LA、溴嘧啶和特巴嘧啶的回收率分别高达89.65%、53.17%和44.63%。该方法的最低检测限为 10-50 µg-mL-1。鉴于公众对农药残留检测要求的不断提高，本研究建立了一种绿色、快速、简便、可微型化的多功能前处理方法。
{"title":"Determination of pesticide residue in soil samples by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction method","authors":"Xiaofeng Yu, Jiawei Xie, Bixing Yan, Renyuan Song, Kun Chen, Hegang Yan","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0174","url":null,"abstract":"Porous molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres were synthesized via iniferter-suspension polymerization method, employing lenacil (LA) as the template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. The host–guest complexes formed using LA and MAA were characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that the interaction between LA and MAA mainly relied on hydrogen bonding. The surface morphologies and chemical structures of the MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. MIPs were spherical in shape with a relatively regular sphericity, rough surface structure, and numerous small holes, which significantly reduced the mass transfer resistance of the template molecules and exhibited excellent recognition performance for template molecules. In addition, soil samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction columns molecularly imprinted with LA, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries of LA, bromacil, and terbacil were up to 89.65%, 53.17%, and 44.63%, respectively. The developed method showed a minimum detection limit of 10–50 µg·mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. In view of the continuous increase of public requirements for pesticide residue detection, a versatile pretreatment method was developed that is green, rapid, simple, and can be miniaturized.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For eliminating the die swell phenomenon in 3D printing of GF/PP, a hot air assisted 3D printing method is proposed and its mechanism is studied. A two-phase flow model consisting of compressible gas and in-compressible melt is established, and the process of polymer filament extrusion is simulated. A series of experiments are conducted to compare the differences between traditional printing and gas-assisted printing in terms of extruded filament, temperature, and morphology. The simulation and experiment results show that the addition of gas effectively mitigates the melt die swell, and increases the extrusion filament temperature to more than 70°C. The extrusion pressure is reduced about two orders of magnitude, and the first normal stress is decreased from 400,000 to 20,000 Pa. The surface morphology of printed product is smoother and more refined. This study provides valuable information for understanding the principles of gas-assisted printing and demonstrates its potential for improving printing quality and efficiency.
为消除 GF/PP 三维打印中的模具膨胀现象，提出了一种热风辅助三维打印方法，并对其机理进行了研究。建立了由可压缩气体和不可压缩熔体组成的两相流动模型，并模拟了聚合物长丝挤出过程。通过一系列实验，比较了传统印刷和气体辅助印刷在挤出丝、温度和形态方面的差异。模拟和实验结果表明，添加气体可有效缓解熔模膨胀，并将挤出丝的温度提高到 70°C 以上。挤出压力降低了约两个数量级，第一法向应力从 400,000 Pa 降至 20,000 Pa。印刷产品的表面形态更加光滑细腻。这项研究为了解气体辅助印刷的原理提供了有价值的信息，并证明了其在提高印刷质量和效率方面的潜力。
{"title":"The die swell eliminating mechanism of hot air assisted 3D printing of GF/PP and its influence on the product performance","authors":"Ru Yang, Jianhua Xiao, YingLan Liu, ShiKang Xu","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"For eliminating the die swell phenomenon in 3D printing of GF/PP, a hot air assisted 3D printing method is proposed and its mechanism is studied. A two-phase flow model consisting of compressible gas and in-compressible melt is established, and the process of polymer filament extrusion is simulated. A series of experiments are conducted to compare the differences between traditional printing and gas-assisted printing in terms of extruded filament, temperature, and morphology. The simulation and experiment results show that the addition of gas effectively mitigates the melt die swell, and increases the extrusion filament temperature to more than 70°C. The extrusion pressure is reduced about two orders of magnitude, and the first normal stress is decreased from 400,000 to 20,000 Pa. The surface morphology of printed product is smoother and more refined. This study provides valuable information for understanding the principles of gas-assisted printing and demonstrates its potential for improving printing quality and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140156796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we realized a highly luminescent polyester fiber using a special spinneret orifice comprised of eight C-shaped pores and specific process parameters. A moderate amount of reversible photochromism materials was added along with the specific color masterbatch of suitable materials. With its high light transmittance and reflectance, the fabric has high glossiness and excellent transparency and exhibits dazzling color effects with changes in ambient light intensity. The raw materials used are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chips with a low melting point of 110–150°C, 0.3–0.5% (active ingredient 30%) masterbatch, and 40–50% (active ingredient 50%) reversible photochromism masterbatch. The following process parameters were also chosen: for the PET chips, the drying temperature was 80–90°C, the drying time was 12–14 h, the masterbatch drying temperature was 70–80°C, the drying time was 8–10 h, the spinning temperature was 220–230°C, the cooling air temperature was 15–17°C, the cooling air speed was 0.45–0.50 m·min−1, the first hot roller temperature was 75–80°C, and the secondary hot roller had the heater turned off.
{"title":"Preparation and application of profiled luminescent polyester fiber with reversible photochromism materials","authors":"Yaoding Tao, Shouyun Zhang, Mei Xu, Qiang Shu, Shang Gao, Yanan Liu, Peisong Wang, Ruijia Cheng","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0121","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we realized a highly luminescent polyester fiber using a special spinneret orifice comprised of eight C-shaped pores and specific process parameters. A moderate amount of reversible photochromism materials was added along with the specific color masterbatch of suitable materials. With its high light transmittance and reflectance, the fabric has high glossiness and excellent transparency and exhibits dazzling color effects with changes in ambient light intensity. The raw materials used are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chips with a low melting point of 110–150°C, 0.3–0.5% (active ingredient 30%) masterbatch, and 40–50% (active ingredient 50%) reversible photochromism masterbatch. The following process parameters were also chosen: for the PET chips, the drying temperature was 80–90°C, the drying time was 12–14 h, the masterbatch drying temperature was 70–80°C, the drying time was 8–10 h, the spinning temperature was 220–230°C, the cooling air temperature was 15–17°C, the cooling air speed was 0.45–0.50 m·min<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, the first hot roller temperature was 75–80°C, and the secondary hot roller had the heater turned off.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The search for novel antibiotic-loaded biomaterials that support the management of osteomyelitis has been extensive in current years. This study developed multifunctional hydrogel to enhance the performance of osteo-conduction and antimicrobial as supporting implant materials for osteomyelitis treatment and prevention. Ciprofloxacin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels composed of silk fibroin and poloxamers were prepared using the cold method. F1, F2, and F3 formulations resulted in gelation time of within 3 min under 37°C. Physical evaluation showed that the formulations, especially F3, had a proper swelling ratio and 82.34% biodegradability within 14 days. Ciprofloxacin from formulations exhibited an initial burst release within 24 h and continuous delivery, with more than 84% release over 14 days. Released antibiotics showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and eradicating activity against biofilms. Moreover, hydrogels had no cytotoxic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells with 93–106% cell viability. This multifunctional hydrogel showed a promising approach for supporting osteomyelitis treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Multifunctional hydrogel based on silk fibroin/thermosensitive polymers supporting implant biomaterials in osteomyelitis","authors":"Chayanee Noosak, Pavarish Jantorn, Jutakan Thonglam, Chaiwat Chuaychoosakoon, Jirut Meesane, Dennapa Saeloh Sotthibandhu","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0156","url":null,"abstract":"The search for novel antibiotic-loaded biomaterials that support the management of osteomyelitis has been extensive in current years. This study developed multifunctional hydrogel to enhance the performance of osteo-conduction and antimicrobial as supporting implant materials for osteomyelitis treatment and prevention. Ciprofloxacin-loaded thermosensitive hydrogels composed of silk fibroin and poloxamers were prepared using the cold method. F1, F2, and F3 formulations resulted in gelation time of within 3 min under 37°C. Physical evaluation showed that the formulations, especially F3, had a proper swelling ratio and 82.34% biodegradability within 14 days. Ciprofloxacin from formulations exhibited an initial burst release within 24 h and continuous delivery, with more than 84% release over 14 days. Released antibiotics showed efficacy against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> ATCC25923 and eradicating activity against biofilms. Moreover, hydrogels had no cytotoxic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells with 93–106% cell viability. This multifunctional hydrogel showed a promising approach for supporting osteomyelitis treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140127686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ze Wang, Yu Li, Jiahao Ren, Yangkai Xiong, Zheng Li, Guoqing Wang
The growth of marine economy urgently needs non-toxic coatings. This study provides a novel and green coating that obtains outstanding antifouling performance by combining the low surface energy effect and the fluorescent effect. The coating was synthesized by reacting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the fluorescent component with poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) resin. The introduction of TPE provided the resin coating with lower surface energy and fluorescent properties, leading to improve the antifouling performance. This study indicates fluorescent TPE polymers for marine antifouling and opens new horizons for the exploitation of fluorescent antifouling coatings.
{"title":"Marine antifouling coating based on fluorescent-modified poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) resin","authors":"Ze Wang, Yu Li, Jiahao Ren, Yangkai Xiong, Zheng Li, Guoqing Wang","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0130","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of marine economy urgently needs non-toxic coatings. This study provides a novel and green coating that obtains outstanding antifouling performance by combining the low surface energy effect and the fluorescent effect. The coating was synthesized by reacting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the fluorescent component with poly(ethylene-<jats:italic>co</jats:italic>-tetrafluoroethylene) resin. The introduction of TPE provided the resin coating with lower surface energy and fluorescent properties, leading to improve the antifouling performance. This study indicates fluorescent TPE polymers for marine antifouling and opens new horizons for the exploitation of fluorescent antifouling coatings.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140127712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoying Cheng, Qiuhui Liao, Jiani Xu, Zeen Gu, Yibo He
This work investigated the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, respectively, and the improvement in toughness of the ternary system with the incorporation of graft-modified ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE-g-GMA). PET nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending extrusion and injection molding. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to construct models for binary system filled with nanoparticles and ternary system with the additional inclusion of POE-g-GMA elastomers. The results of mechanical property tests and MD simulation revealed that the binary system exhibited increased elastic modulus and tensile strength, mainly attributed to the effective reinforcement of rigid nanoparticles and the surface adsorption between nanoparticles and the PET matrix enhanced the interfacial interactions. CaCO3 indicated a more pronounced reinforcing effect, possibly due to the higher crystallinity of its composites. The incorporation of POE-g-GMA resulted in a significant improvement in impact strength and the elongation at break of PET nanocomposites. This enhancement in toughness is attributed to the elastomer’s ability to absorb a substantial amount of impact energy, while the elastic modulus is higher than that of pure PET.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental study on the mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites filled with CaCO3, SiO2, and POE-g-GMA","authors":"Xiaoying Cheng, Qiuhui Liao, Jiani Xu, Zeen Gu, Yibo He","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0144","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigated the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) and silica (SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) nanoparticles, respectively, and the improvement in toughness of the ternary system with the incorporation of graft-modified ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE-<jats:italic>g</jats:italic>-GMA). PET nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending extrusion and injection molding. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to construct models for binary system filled with nanoparticles and ternary system with the additional inclusion of POE-<jats:italic>g</jats:italic>-GMA elastomers. The results of mechanical property tests and MD simulation revealed that the binary system exhibited increased elastic modulus and tensile strength, mainly attributed to the effective reinforcement of rigid nanoparticles and the surface adsorption between nanoparticles and the PET matrix enhanced the interfacial interactions. CaCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> indicated a more pronounced reinforcing effect, possibly due to the higher crystallinity of its composites. The incorporation of POE-<jats:italic>g</jats:italic>-GMA resulted in a significant improvement in impact strength and the elongation at break of PET nanocomposites. This enhancement in toughness is attributed to the elastomer’s ability to absorb a substantial amount of impact energy, while the elastic modulus is higher than that of pure PET.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140127685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is introduced on the surface of a metal–organic framework material by solvothermal method to prepare nanorods (TE@Zn-MOFs) with both flame retardant and thermoelectric properties. Data from cone calorimeter and TG-IR show that TE@Zn-MOFs effectively improves the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy-based coatings. At a high TE@Zn-MOFs content of 10 wt%, the coating oxygen index increased from 18.2% to 29.0%, the total smoke release decreased from 25.26 to 22.60 m2, and the V-0 level was achieved in vertical combustion classification. Moreover, PEDOT enables epoxy-based coatings to output a certain current value at different heating temperatures (50–200°C). This work demonstrates that MOFs with flexible and variable structures can serve as effective flame retardants for epoxy-based coatings and endow coatings with fire warning characteristics, providing a way to develop multifunctional coatings for different application scenarios.
{"title":"Flame-retardant thermoelectric responsive coating based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene) modified metal–organic frameworks","authors":"Guorong Wang, Zhiyuan Mei, Yu Li, Zhaoyi Sun, Guotao Chen","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is introduced on the surface of a metal–organic framework material by solvothermal method to prepare nanorods (TE@Zn-MOFs) with both flame retardant and thermoelectric properties. Data from cone calorimeter and TG-IR show that TE@Zn-MOFs effectively improves the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy-based coatings. At a high TE@Zn-MOFs content of 10 wt%, the coating oxygen index increased from 18.2% to 29.0%, the total smoke release decreased from 25.26 to 22.60 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, and the V-0 level was achieved in vertical combustion classification. Moreover, PEDOT enables epoxy-based coatings to output a certain current value at different heating temperatures (50–200°C). This work demonstrates that MOFs with flexible and variable structures can serve as effective flame retardants for epoxy-based coatings and endow coatings with fire warning characteristics, providing a way to develop multifunctional coatings for different application scenarios.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns, which employ elastane filament (EF) as core, stainless steel wire, and thermochromic polyester filament as the first and second winding, was prepared, and the effect of elastane draft upon yarn properties was investigated. It was found that the elastane draft played an essential role in determining the final yarn behavior, and the optimized elastane draft parameter was 2.5 using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. It is a distinctive configuration of yarn’s constituents and the EF draft that are responsible for the exceptional stretchability of yarns, and it showed mechanical robustness following cyclic stretch. Importantly, the yarn exhibited rapid, durable, and reversible color conversion when subjected to cyclic voltage, cyclic abrasion, and alkali. Finally, a flower-shaped pattern was fabricated by embroidering yarn onto an elastic substrate as a proof-of-concept, and no obvious variation of color fidelity was observed during the stretch.
制备了以氨纶长丝（EF）为芯线、不锈钢丝和热致变色聚酯长丝为第一和第二绕组的高伸缩热致变色包覆纱线，并研究了氨纶牵伸对纱线性能的影响。研究发现，氨纶牵伸在决定最终纱线性能方面起着至关重要的作用，利用与理想解相似的阶次优选技术，将氨纶牵伸参数优化为 2.5。纱线成分的独特配置和 EF 牵伸是纱线具有优异拉伸性的原因，并且在循环拉伸后表现出机械坚固性。重要的是，这种纱线在受到循环电压、循环磨损和碱的作用时，表现出快速、持久和可逆的颜色转换。最后，作为概念验证，通过在弹性基底上刺绣纱线来制作花形图案，在拉伸过程中未观察到明显的色彩保真度变化。
{"title":"Highly stretchable, durable, and reversibly thermochromic wrapped yarns induced by Joule heating: With an emphasis on parametric study of elastane drafts","authors":"Yong Wang, Lizheng Zhang, Mingkun Qi, Zihan Yuan, Mingwei Li, Wei Wang, Changlong Li, Malik Yonis Hassan Saty","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0189","url":null,"abstract":"Highly stretchable thermochromic wrapped yarns, which employ elastane filament (EF) as core, stainless steel wire, and thermochromic polyester filament as the first and second winding, was prepared, and the effect of elastane draft upon yarn properties was investigated. It was found that the elastane draft played an essential role in determining the final yarn behavior, and the optimized elastane draft parameter was 2.5 using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. It is a distinctive configuration of yarn’s constituents and the EF draft that are responsible for the exceptional stretchability of yarns, and it showed mechanical robustness following cyclic stretch. Importantly, the yarn exhibited rapid, durable, and reversible color conversion when subjected to cyclic voltage, cyclic abrasion, and alkali. Finally, a flower-shaped pattern was fabricated by embroidering yarn onto an elastic substrate as a proof-of-concept, and no obvious variation of color fidelity was observed during the stretch.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140018952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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