Fatima Abd Alwhab Awad Allah, Hafsa Ahmed Elrheima Ahmed
Introduction and aim. Smoking widely affect oral health, including its role in the development of periodontitis. Saliva contains an antioxidant system and various enzymes. The study was designed to evaluate the activity of salivary alpha amylase among individuals who smoke and have periodontitis. Material and methods. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases (cigarette smokers with periodontitis) and the remaining 50 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary alpha amylase activity. Results. Smokers with periodontitis had significantly higher levels of salivary alpha amylase compared to the control group (177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between the level of alpha amylase and the age of the patients (p=0.01, r=0.376). However, no correlation was found between the level of alpha amylase and the duration of smoking (p=0.584, r=0.079). Conclusion. There is a significant increase in salivary alpha amylase levels among smokers with periodontitis. No correlation was found between age and salivary alpha amylase levels. However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and salivary alpha amylase activity.
导言和目的。吸烟广泛影响口腔健康，包括导致牙周炎的发生。唾液中含有抗氧化系统和多种酶。本研究旨在评估吸烟者和牙周炎患者唾液中α-淀粉酶的活性。材料和方法研究共纳入 100 名参与者，其中 50 名病例（患有牙周炎的吸烟者）和其余 50 名牙周健康的非吸烟者作为对照组。采集唾液样本测量唾液α-淀粉酶活性。结果显示与对照组相比，患有牙周炎的吸烟者唾液中的α-淀粉酶水平明显更高（177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL，p<0.001）。此外，α-淀粉酶水平与患者年龄呈弱负相关（p=0.01，r=0.376）。然而，α-淀粉酶水平与吸烟时间之间没有相关性（p=0.584，r=0.079）。结论患有牙周炎的吸烟者唾液中的α-淀粉酶水平明显升高。年龄与唾液α-淀粉酶水平之间没有相关性。然而，吸烟时间与唾液α-淀粉酶活性之间存在微弱的正相关。
{"title":"Evaluation of salivary alpha amylase activity in smokers with periodontitis, Khartoum state, 2023","authors":"Fatima Abd Alwhab Awad Allah, Hafsa Ahmed Elrheima Ahmed","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Smoking widely affect oral health, including its role in the development of periodontitis. Saliva contains an antioxidant system and various enzymes. The study was designed to evaluate the activity of salivary alpha amylase among individuals who smoke and have periodontitis. Material and methods. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases (cigarette smokers with periodontitis) and the remaining 50 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary alpha amylase activity. Results. Smokers with periodontitis had significantly higher levels of salivary alpha amylase compared to the control group (177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between the level of alpha amylase and the age of the patients (p=0.01, r=0.376). However, no correlation was found between the level of alpha amylase and the duration of smoking (p=0.584, r=0.079). Conclusion. There is a significant increase in salivary alpha amylase levels among smokers with periodontitis. No correlation was found between age and salivary alpha amylase levels. However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and salivary alpha amylase activity.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.11
B. Kashyap, Krishna Sarkar, Kapil Singh, Puneeta Hyanki
Introduction and aim. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent further transmission. The present study aimed to correlate cycle threshold values with smear microscopy and culture positivity, and determine cut-off cycle threshold values for levels of smear grade and culture positivity. Material and methods. Forty presumptive cases of pulmonary TB were included and subjected to Ziehl- Neelsen stain, culture on Lowenstein Jensen media, CBNAAT and drug susceptibility testing for first line anti-tubercular drugs. Results. Our study predicts 3+, 2+, and 1+ sputum smear grade at a cut-off of Ct value ≤ 16.74, ≤19.68, and ≤ 22.32 respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between time to culture positivity and Ct value. A cut-off of Ct value ≤22.32 predicts culture positivity with a sensitivity of 92%, and a specificity of 67%. None of the isolates showed rifampicin resistance by 1% proportion method. Conclusion. Understanding the appropriate utilization of CBNAAT Ct values and their correlation with smear microscopy grade, culture, and drug susceptibility testing can assist clinicians in early identification and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment. This knowledge can contribute to the prevention of drug resistance, reduced transmission, and a decreased disease burden associated with TB.
{"title":"A study on the mycobacterial burden and phenotypic drug resistance pattern with reference to the GeneXpert Cycle Threshold values in pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"B. Kashyap, Krishna Sarkar, Kapil Singh, Puneeta Hyanki","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent further transmission. The present study aimed to correlate cycle threshold values with smear microscopy and culture positivity, and determine cut-off cycle threshold values for levels of smear grade and culture positivity. Material and methods. Forty presumptive cases of pulmonary TB were included and subjected to Ziehl- Neelsen stain, culture on Lowenstein Jensen media, CBNAAT and drug susceptibility testing for first line anti-tubercular drugs. Results. Our study predicts 3+, 2+, and 1+ sputum smear grade at a cut-off of Ct value ≤ 16.74, ≤19.68, and ≤ 22.32 respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between time to culture positivity and Ct value. A cut-off of Ct value ≤22.32 predicts culture positivity with a sensitivity of 92%, and a specificity of 67%. None of the isolates showed rifampicin resistance by 1% proportion method. Conclusion. Understanding the appropriate utilization of CBNAAT Ct values and their correlation with smear microscopy grade, culture, and drug susceptibility testing can assist clinicians in early identification and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment. This knowledge can contribute to the prevention of drug resistance, reduced transmission, and a decreased disease burden associated with TB.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.13
Aditi Chopra, Anju Cecil, Rajalaksmanan Eshwaramoorthy, Rubin S. John
Introduction and aim. Inflammation, cell proliferation, matrix deposition, and tissue remodeling are all elements of the well-structured and well-coordinated process of wound repair. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of genistein and nicotine on polyglycolic acid (PGA) and vicryl sutures. Material and methods. Genistein and nicotine were isolated and solution was prepared and the suture material PGA and vicryl were immersed in the solution and dried. They were tested for their tensile strength and degradation values after immersion in artificial saliva (on the first day and on the 14th day). The sutures were also seen under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for its uniform coating and the mixture formulation of genistein and nicotine were tested for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity using protein denaturation assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay respectively. Results. Nicotine has a high anti-inflammatory activity on the suture material, whereas Genistein has an insignificant anti-inflammatory effect. The mixture formulation has a relatively similar anti-inflammatory effect when compared to the control. The SEM analysis shows a uniform coating of the formulation on the PGA and vicryl sutures. In comparison, PGA has shown lesser tensile strength and hence higher degradation ability. Conclusion. Nicotine and Genistein affect the tensile strength and degradation properties of the sutures.
{"title":"An in vitro study for the evaluation of morphological and biochemical characteristics of absorbable sutures coated with genistein and nicotine","authors":"Aditi Chopra, Anju Cecil, Rajalaksmanan Eshwaramoorthy, Rubin S. John","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Inflammation, cell proliferation, matrix deposition, and tissue remodeling are all elements of the well-structured and well-coordinated process of wound repair. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of genistein and nicotine on polyglycolic acid (PGA) and vicryl sutures. Material and methods. Genistein and nicotine were isolated and solution was prepared and the suture material PGA and vicryl were immersed in the solution and dried. They were tested for their tensile strength and degradation values after immersion in artificial saliva (on the first day and on the 14th day). The sutures were also seen under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for its uniform coating and the mixture formulation of genistein and nicotine were tested for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity using protein denaturation assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay respectively. Results. Nicotine has a high anti-inflammatory activity on the suture material, whereas Genistein has an insignificant anti-inflammatory effect. The mixture formulation has a relatively similar anti-inflammatory effect when compared to the control. The SEM analysis shows a uniform coating of the formulation on the PGA and vicryl sutures. In comparison, PGA has shown lesser tensile strength and hence higher degradation ability. Conclusion. Nicotine and Genistein affect the tensile strength and degradation properties of the sutures.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.20
Akkam Sandeep, Karthikeyan Elumalai, Helen Williams, S. Salkapuram, S. Anandakumar, Sivaneswari Srinivasan
Introduction and aim. Anaemia is a chronic kidney disease (CKD) condition characterised by a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and impaired kidney function. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, prescribing patterns, and quality of life of anaemia in patients with chronic renal disease who were adults (>18 years of age) at a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods. Data on demographic characteristics, laboratory results, medication prescriptions, and quality of life assessments were collected. Statistical tests were performed to determine associations between anaemia prevalence and factors like age, gender, and CKD stage. The study included 132 patients, with a gender distribution of 89 men and 43 women. Results. The most frequently prescribed drugs are epoetin (15.06%), multivitamins (14.82%), iron (10.65%), folic acid (10.22%), calcium carbonate (8.17%), calcitriol (5.6%), and omeprazole (4.22%). The cardiovascular system, blood disorders, and blood-producing organs come after the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism in the first anatomical level of the ATC classification. Conclusion. It suggests hospital audits and recommendations for improved prescription practices. Further investigation into anaemia causes and drug class appropriateness is needed, and implementing improvements could potentially improve health outcomes.
{"title":"Prevalence, prescription patterns, and quality of life of anaemia in adults with chronic renal disease","authors":"Akkam Sandeep, Karthikeyan Elumalai, Helen Williams, S. Salkapuram, S. Anandakumar, Sivaneswari Srinivasan","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Anaemia is a chronic kidney disease (CKD) condition characterised by a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and impaired kidney function. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, prescribing patterns, and quality of life of anaemia in patients with chronic renal disease who were adults (>18 years of age) at a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods. Data on demographic characteristics, laboratory results, medication prescriptions, and quality of life assessments were collected. Statistical tests were performed to determine associations between anaemia prevalence and factors like age, gender, and CKD stage. The study included 132 patients, with a gender distribution of 89 men and 43 women. Results. The most frequently prescribed drugs are epoetin (15.06%), multivitamins (14.82%), iron (10.65%), folic acid (10.22%), calcium carbonate (8.17%), calcitriol (5.6%), and omeprazole (4.22%). The cardiovascular system, blood disorders, and blood-producing organs come after the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism in the first anatomical level of the ATC classification. Conclusion. It suggests hospital audits and recommendations for improved prescription practices. Further investigation into anaemia causes and drug class appropriateness is needed, and implementing improvements could potentially improve health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.28
Dérrick Patrick Artioli, Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini
Introduction and aim. Analyzing the factors related to amputations and understanding which factors are changeable can assist in the development of public policies for the prevention and education of the population. Objective: To describe the main etiological characteristics and symptoms after amputation in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) patients in order to contribute to the information for treatment planning by the multiprofessional team for these patients. Material and methods. Retrospective study from 2012 to 2020, evaluating data from all amputation cases seen at the Itanhaém Municipal Rehabilitation Service, SP. Results. 76 cases were studied, mostly middle-aged men, Caucasian, smokers, hypertensive, type II diabetics, some with dyslipdemia, cardiopathies, and the main cause of amputation was infection after wound. Conclusion. The population needs to be warned about the risk of amputation due to infected wounds in patients with difficulty in controlling their comorbidities. Patients who have undergone amputation, should be oriented towards an early utilization of rehabilitation services, and municipalities should prepare their medical and rehabilitation professionals for the treatment of characteristic symptoms that amputees report and prosthetization.
{"title":"Characterization of SUS-treated amputees at the Itanhaém Municipal Rehabilitation Center from 2012 to 2020","authors":"Dérrick Patrick Artioli, Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Analyzing the factors related to amputations and understanding which factors are changeable can assist in the development of public policies for the prevention and education of the population. Objective: To describe the main etiological characteristics and symptoms after amputation in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) patients in order to contribute to the information for treatment planning by the multiprofessional team for these patients. Material and methods. Retrospective study from 2012 to 2020, evaluating data from all amputation cases seen at the Itanhaém Municipal Rehabilitation Service, SP. Results. 76 cases were studied, mostly middle-aged men, Caucasian, smokers, hypertensive, type II diabetics, some with dyslipdemia, cardiopathies, and the main cause of amputation was infection after wound. Conclusion. The population needs to be warned about the risk of amputation due to infected wounds in patients with difficulty in controlling their comorbidities. Patients who have undergone amputation, should be oriented towards an early utilization of rehabilitation services, and municipalities should prepare their medical and rehabilitation professionals for the treatment of characteristic symptoms that amputees report and prosthetization.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.23
N. Wilczek, Julia Bogucka, Anna Brzyska, Wiktoria Sielwanowska, Bartłomiej Syzdoł, Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna
Introduction and aim. Nowadays, almost 4% of people in the world suffer from depressive disorders, and the forecasts of further increase in incidence are alarming. The disease is debilitating and can lead to suicide, and available treatments are still imperfect. The aim of the study was to review the literature and present the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of depression and to consider the use of prebiotics and probiotics as one of the therapeutic options in this disease. Material and methods. Review of articles published on PubMed since 2015. Analysis of the literature. The available reports point to a relationship between disturbances in the composition of the intestinal flora and the development of depressive disorders. In addition, more and more studies indicate the benefits of the influence on mood and clinical improvement, observed when using psychobiotics as an adjuvant treatment of depression, as well as monotherapy. Conclusion. Further research is needed in this area, especially in humans, to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in depression and the promising use of psychobiotics for its treatment.
{"title":"The gut microbiota in development and treatment of depression","authors":"N. Wilczek, Julia Bogucka, Anna Brzyska, Wiktoria Sielwanowska, Bartłomiej Syzdoł, Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Nowadays, almost 4% of people in the world suffer from depressive disorders, and the forecasts of further increase in incidence are alarming. The disease is debilitating and can lead to suicide, and available treatments are still imperfect. The aim of the study was to review the literature and present the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of depression and to consider the use of prebiotics and probiotics as one of the therapeutic options in this disease. Material and methods. Review of articles published on PubMed since 2015. Analysis of the literature. The available reports point to a relationship between disturbances in the composition of the intestinal flora and the development of depressive disorders. In addition, more and more studies indicate the benefits of the influence on mood and clinical improvement, observed when using psychobiotics as an adjuvant treatment of depression, as well as monotherapy. Conclusion. Further research is needed in this area, especially in humans, to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in depression and the promising use of psychobiotics for its treatment.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.18
E. A. Omon, Olawale David Ajayi
Introduction and aim. Thyroid hormone abnormalities have been associated with oxidative changes in human beings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxidative stress marker and antioxidants status in individuals with thyroid hormone dysfunction in Ekiti State. Material and methods. A total of eighty samples were recruited in this study comprising forty subjects with thyroid hormones dysfunction and forty apparently healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were determined spectrophotometerically. Results. MDA was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (4.33±0.84 nmol/mL) compared with control (4.12±0.63 nmol/mL), catalase was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (199.36±20.21 µm/mL) compared with control (181.55±16.61 µm/mL), while GSH was significantly lower (p<0.05) in subjects (79.31±10.12 µmol/mL) compared with control (127.21±7.29 µmol/mL). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the increase in the reactive oxygen species accompanied with impairment of the antioxidant system occurs in patients with thyroid hormone dysfunction. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism induces disequilibrium of the oxidative/anti-oxidative balance that can lead to subsequent development of inflammation and associated diseases.
{"title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants markers in individuals with thyroid hormones dysfunction","authors":"E. A. Omon, Olawale David Ajayi","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Thyroid hormone abnormalities have been associated with oxidative changes in human beings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxidative stress marker and antioxidants status in individuals with thyroid hormone dysfunction in Ekiti State. Material and methods. A total of eighty samples were recruited in this study comprising forty subjects with thyroid hormones dysfunction and forty apparently healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase were determined spectrophotometerically. Results. MDA was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (4.33±0.84 nmol/mL) compared with control (4.12±0.63 nmol/mL), catalase was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in subjects (199.36±20.21 µm/mL) compared with control (181.55±16.61 µm/mL), while GSH was significantly lower (p<0.05) in subjects (79.31±10.12 µmol/mL) compared with control (127.21±7.29 µmol/mL). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the increase in the reactive oxygen species accompanied with impairment of the antioxidant system occurs in patients with thyroid hormone dysfunction. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism induces disequilibrium of the oxidative/anti-oxidative balance that can lead to subsequent development of inflammation and associated diseases.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.27
Sadik Aref
Introduction and aim. Sepsis, a disease caused by inflammation as a response to infection, often goes undiagnosed due to its heterogeneity and lack of a single diagnostic test. Current sepsis detection scoring systems have low sensitivity and utilize biomarkers that are difficult to obtain from a single test. The goal of this research is to create a scoring system that outperforms current industry standards by utilizing blood-based biomarkers readily available in hospital settings. Material and methods. Machine learning algorithms were run through Google Colab using Extreme Gradient Boost classifier. The dataset was obtained from NCBI website containing electronic hospital records of intensive care patients. A multivariate linear regression was applied to the dataset to determine statistically significant biomarkers in the detection of sepsis, and their β coefficients. Then, validation testing was performed, and the performance was compared to other scoring systems. Results. This experiment reveals that a sepsis detection system that utilizes procalcitonin, white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and albumin can outperform other biomarkers and scoring systems with high sensitivity at a recall score of 0.7922. Conclusion. These results demonstrate the potential of utilizing a blood-based scoring system for sepsis detection within hospital settings.
{"title":"Utilizing machine learning to create a blood-based scoring system for sepsis detection","authors":"Sadik Aref","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Sepsis, a disease caused by inflammation as a response to infection, often goes undiagnosed due to its heterogeneity and lack of a single diagnostic test. Current sepsis detection scoring systems have low sensitivity and utilize biomarkers that are difficult to obtain from a single test. The goal of this research is to create a scoring system that outperforms current industry standards by utilizing blood-based biomarkers readily available in hospital settings. Material and methods. Machine learning algorithms were run through Google Colab using Extreme Gradient Boost classifier. The dataset was obtained from NCBI website containing electronic hospital records of intensive care patients. A multivariate linear regression was applied to the dataset to determine statistically significant biomarkers in the detection of sepsis, and their β coefficients. Then, validation testing was performed, and the performance was compared to other scoring systems. Results. This experiment reveals that a sepsis detection system that utilizes procalcitonin, white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and albumin can outperform other biomarkers and scoring systems with high sensitivity at a recall score of 0.7922. Conclusion. These results demonstrate the potential of utilizing a blood-based scoring system for sepsis detection within hospital settings.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and aim. In extraordinary situations, sexual/reproductive health services are very important for the health of the whole society, especially women and children. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of training provided on sexual health/reproductive health during extraordinary situations on the knowledge levels of nurses and midwives. Material and methods. The research was conducted using a single-group pre-test-post-test follow-up test measurement quasi-experimental design. It was completed between November 2021–June 2022 with 140 participants working in a province in Turkey. The data were collected with the “Descriptive Information Form” and the “Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Knowledge Assessment Form for Extraordinary Situations”. Training was given with the Sexual Health/Reproductive Health Training Booklet for Extraordinary Situations. Results. It was found that the participants scored 20.82±4.47 on the Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Knowledge Assessment Form for Extraordinary Situations in the pre-test, 27.63±2.67 in the post-test, and 27.07±3.46 in the follow-up test. As a result of the training, it was determined that the difference between the scores they got from the Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Knowledge Assessment Form for Extraordinary Situations was due to the pre-test (p<0.05). Conclusion. In the study, the participants scored above the average in the pre-test, while they achieved significantly higher scores in the post-test and follow-up test. This shows that the training given to nurses and midwives is effective.
{"title":"The investigation of the impact of education on sexual health/reproductive health knowledge levels of nurses and midwives in extraordinary situations – evidence from Turkey","authors":"Ebru CİRBAN EKREM, Tuğçe Kuş, Emir Erkmen, Nisanur Dursun","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. In extraordinary situations, sexual/reproductive health services are very important for the health of the whole society, especially women and children. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of training provided on sexual health/reproductive health during extraordinary situations on the knowledge levels of nurses and midwives. Material and methods. The research was conducted using a single-group pre-test-post-test follow-up test measurement quasi-experimental design. It was completed between November 2021–June 2022 with 140 participants working in a province in Turkey. The data were collected with the “Descriptive Information Form” and the “Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Knowledge Assessment Form for Extraordinary Situations”. Training was given with the Sexual Health/Reproductive Health Training Booklet for Extraordinary Situations. Results. It was found that the participants scored 20.82±4.47 on the Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Knowledge Assessment Form for Extraordinary Situations in the pre-test, 27.63±2.67 in the post-test, and 27.07±3.46 in the follow-up test. As a result of the training, it was determined that the difference between the scores they got from the Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Knowledge Assessment Form for Extraordinary Situations was due to the pre-test (p<0.05). Conclusion. In the study, the participants scored above the average in the pre-test, while they achieved significantly higher scores in the post-test and follow-up test. This shows that the training given to nurses and midwives is effective.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.14
G. Arinola, Abdulfattah Adekunle Onifade, Kehinde Adigun, Mosunmade Babatunde Oshingbesan
Introduction and aim. Coronavirus disease 2019 is characterised by cytokine storm and it was managed with repurposed drugs, however the effect of this treatment on cytokine storm is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of repurposed management on serum Th1 pro-inflammation cytokine (IFN-γ) and Th2 anti-inflammation cytokine (IL-4) in COVID-19 patients. Material and methods. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were determined in sera from 45 COVID-19 patients at admission followed-up till discharge after repurposed treatment using ELISA. The mean levels and proportions above normal reference ranges of IFN-γ and IL-4 were compared in COVID-19 at admission and discharge. Results. The mean values of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients at admission compared with discharged COVID-19 patients whereas IFN-γ:IL-4 ratio was significantly higher in discharged COVID-19 patients compared with admitted COVID-19 patients. Significantly higher proportion of COVID-19 patients at discharge had IFN-γ within the normal reference ranges compared with COVID-19 patients at admission whereas the proportions of COVID-19 patients at discharge and COVID-19 patients at admission having IL-4 within the normal reference ranges were the same. Conclusion. Cytokine storm was evidenced in COVID-19 patients at admission and repurposed treatment suppressed pro-inflammation cytokine (IFN-γ) in most discharged COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in hospitalised COVID-19 patients – evidence of reduced cytokine storm in discharged patients","authors":"G. Arinola, Abdulfattah Adekunle Onifade, Kehinde Adigun, Mosunmade Babatunde Oshingbesan","doi":"10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aim. Coronavirus disease 2019 is characterised by cytokine storm and it was managed with repurposed drugs, however the effect of this treatment on cytokine storm is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of repurposed management on serum Th1 pro-inflammation cytokine (IFN-γ) and Th2 anti-inflammation cytokine (IL-4) in COVID-19 patients. Material and methods. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were determined in sera from 45 COVID-19 patients at admission followed-up till discharge after repurposed treatment using ELISA. The mean levels and proportions above normal reference ranges of IFN-γ and IL-4 were compared in COVID-19 at admission and discharge. Results. The mean values of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients at admission compared with discharged COVID-19 patients whereas IFN-γ:IL-4 ratio was significantly higher in discharged COVID-19 patients compared with admitted COVID-19 patients. Significantly higher proportion of COVID-19 patients at discharge had IFN-γ within the normal reference ranges compared with COVID-19 patients at admission whereas the proportions of COVID-19 patients at discharge and COVID-19 patients at admission having IL-4 within the normal reference ranges were the same. Conclusion. Cytokine storm was evidenced in COVID-19 patients at admission and repurposed treatment suppressed pro-inflammation cytokine (IFN-γ) in most discharged COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":11828,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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