Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02583-8
Hsiao-I Kuo, Jia-Ling Sun, Michael Nitsche, Jung-Chi Chang
{"title":"Correction: An investigation of the acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function and cortical excitability in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Hsiao-I Kuo, Jia-Ling Sun, Michael Nitsche, Jung-Chi Chang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02583-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02583-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02593-6
Andrea Hahnefeld, Monika Fink, Saskia Le Beherec, Marie Anna Baur, Katharina Bernhardt, Volker Mall
The omnipresence of mobile screens and convenience to operate them has led to increased screen time for young children whereas the sequelae of prolonged exposure are not known yet. 70 refugee children (RG) and 111 children of a clinical comparison group (CG) from a help-seeking population (age: M = 5.10; SD = 1.11; range 3.00-6.97 years) were assessed concerning their amount of daily screen exposure time in relation to parental education and distress. Salivary cortisol was collected as a marker for biological stress and children were tested concerning learning performance, non-verbal IQ and vocabulary with the Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II). Language skills were assessed in educator rating. The amount of children's screen exposure was negatively related to parental education and positively to distress. In the CG, higher amounts of screen time were associated with elevated cortisol levels and lower learning scores. On both measures, the RG and CG only differed in the condition of screen time less than one hour/day, for higher amounts of screen time the CG approached the more problematic scores of the RG. Whereas in the whole sample the amount of screen time was negatively correlated to language performance, it was not correlated to non-verbal IQ-scores. As a higher amount of media exposure in our clinical comparison group is associated with elevated biological stress, decreased learning and lower language performance, it should be classified as a relevant environmental factor and regularly considered in clinical assessments of children and therapeutical interventions, especially in vulnerable subgroups. German clinical trials register, registration number: DRKS00025734, date: 07-23-2021.
{"title":"Correlation of screen exposure to stress, learning, cognitive and language performance in children.","authors":"Andrea Hahnefeld, Monika Fink, Saskia Le Beherec, Marie Anna Baur, Katharina Bernhardt, Volker Mall","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02593-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02593-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The omnipresence of mobile screens and convenience to operate them has led to increased screen time for young children whereas the sequelae of prolonged exposure are not known yet. 70 refugee children (RG) and 111 children of a clinical comparison group (CG) from a help-seeking population (age: M = 5.10; SD = 1.11; range 3.00-6.97 years) were assessed concerning their amount of daily screen exposure time in relation to parental education and distress. Salivary cortisol was collected as a marker for biological stress and children were tested concerning learning performance, non-verbal IQ and vocabulary with the Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II). Language skills were assessed in educator rating. The amount of children's screen exposure was negatively related to parental education and positively to distress. In the CG, higher amounts of screen time were associated with elevated cortisol levels and lower learning scores. On both measures, the RG and CG only differed in the condition of screen time less than one hour/day, for higher amounts of screen time the CG approached the more problematic scores of the RG. Whereas in the whole sample the amount of screen time was negatively correlated to language performance, it was not correlated to non-verbal IQ-scores. As a higher amount of media exposure in our clinical comparison group is associated with elevated biological stress, decreased learning and lower language performance, it should be classified as a relevant environmental factor and regularly considered in clinical assessments of children and therapeutical interventions, especially in vulnerable subgroups. German clinical trials register, registration number: DRKS00025734, date: 07-23-2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02581-w
Giulia Conte, Giorgia Di Iorio, Dario Esposito, Sara Romano, Fabiola Panvino, Susanna Maggi, Benedetta Altomonte, Maria Pia Casini, Mauro Ferrara, Arianna Terrinoni
Amidst rising concerns about mental health in adolescents, the role of social media (SM), particularly highly visual platforms such as TikTok, has become a growing focus of investigation. In the extant literature, conclusive evidence is limited by the aggregate analysis of very heterogeneous SM platforms. This systematic scoping review examines the relationship between TikTok and mental health in adolescents. Additionally, it aims to highlight potential interactions between typical developmental processes and the unique aspects of TikTok, exploring their relevance to mental health within this demographic. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and PsychINFO yielded 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 17,336 subjects from 10 countries. The retrieved studies analyzed four main topics related to TikTok use, i.e., the overall impact on adolescents' mental health, risk of problematic use and behavioral addiction, consequences on body image and self-esteem, and possible spreading of mental illness behaviors. While TikTok offers creative opportunities for self-expression and peer connection, the literature raises concerns about its potential negative effects on teens, such as lower life satisfaction, increased risk of "contagion" of certain psychiatric symptoms, and problematic usage patterns. Significant variations in study methodologies and outcome measures were observed. In the current era of evolving SM landscapes, a comprehensive approach informed by developmentally grounded research is critically needed to further understand the interplay between SM and adolescent mental health, providing insights for health authorities and policymakers.
随着人们对青少年心理健康问题的日益关注,社交媒体(SM),尤其是 TikTok 等高度可视化平台的作用日益成为研究的焦点。在现有的文献中,由于对非常不同的社交媒体平台进行了综合分析,因此确凿的证据非常有限。本系统性范围界定综述探讨了 TikTok 与青少年心理健康之间的关系。此外,它还旨在强调典型的发展过程与 TikTok 独特方面之间的潜在互动关系,探讨它们与该人群心理健康的相关性。根据PRISMA指南,我们在PubMed、Scopus、Web of Knowledge和PsychINFO上进行了系统搜索,结果有20项研究符合纳入标准,涵盖了来自10个国家的17336名受试者。检索到的研究主要分析了与 TikTok 使用相关的四个主题,即对青少年心理健康的总体影响、问题性使用和行为成瘾的风险、对身体形象和自尊的影响以及心理疾病行为的可能传播。虽然 TikTok 为青少年提供了自我表达和同伴联系的创造性机会,但文献也提出了对其潜在负面影响的担忧,如生活满意度降低、某些精神症状的 "传染 "风险增加以及使用模式出现问题等。研究方法和研究结果的衡量标准存在很大差异。在 SM 不断发展的今天,亟需一种以发展为基础的综合研究方法来进一步了解 SM 与青少年心理健康之间的相互作用,为卫生部门和政策制定者提供见解。
{"title":"Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health.","authors":"Giulia Conte, Giorgia Di Iorio, Dario Esposito, Sara Romano, Fabiola Panvino, Susanna Maggi, Benedetta Altomonte, Maria Pia Casini, Mauro Ferrara, Arianna Terrinoni","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02581-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02581-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amidst rising concerns about mental health in adolescents, the role of social media (SM), particularly highly visual platforms such as TikTok, has become a growing focus of investigation. In the extant literature, conclusive evidence is limited by the aggregate analysis of very heterogeneous SM platforms. This systematic scoping review examines the relationship between TikTok and mental health in adolescents. Additionally, it aims to highlight potential interactions between typical developmental processes and the unique aspects of TikTok, exploring their relevance to mental health within this demographic. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and PsychINFO yielded 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 17,336 subjects from 10 countries. The retrieved studies analyzed four main topics related to TikTok use, i.e., the overall impact on adolescents' mental health, risk of problematic use and behavioral addiction, consequences on body image and self-esteem, and possible spreading of mental illness behaviors. While TikTok offers creative opportunities for self-expression and peer connection, the literature raises concerns about its potential negative effects on teens, such as lower life satisfaction, increased risk of \"contagion\" of certain psychiatric symptoms, and problematic usage patterns. Significant variations in study methodologies and outcome measures were observed. In the current era of evolving SM landscapes, a comprehensive approach informed by developmentally grounded research is critically needed to further understand the interplay between SM and adolescent mental health, providing insights for health authorities and policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02580-x
Katri Kaajalaakso, Terhi Luntamo, Tarja Korpilahti-Leino, Terja Ristkari, Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, Andre Sourander
{"title":"Correction: Predictors of dropout, time spent on the program and client satisfaction in an internet-based, telephone-assisted CBT anxiety program among elementary school children in a population-based sample.","authors":"Katri Kaajalaakso, Terhi Luntamo, Tarja Korpilahti-Leino, Terja Ristkari, Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, Andre Sourander","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02580-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02580-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02587-4
Celso Arango, Joerg M Fegert, Françoise Picarel-Blanchot, Ute Marx, Lucie Truffaut-Chalet, Pierre-François Pénélaud, Jan Buitelaar
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in young people is a common psychiatric disorder, but treatment options are limited. Agomelatine has demonstrated short-term efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. We report here the results of a 92-week open-label extension (OLE). The international, multicenter, double-blind, study randomized 400 patients (80 children, 320 adolescents) with moderate-to-severe MDD to one of four treatment groups: agomelatine 10 mg (n = 102), agomelatine 25 mg (n = 95), placebo (n = 103), and fluoxetine 10-20 mg (n = 100). After 12 weeks, patients who could benefit from treatment continuation were offered entry into an optional OLE during which they received agomelatine 10 or 25 mg for a further 92 weeks. A total of 339 patients (271 adolescents) entered the OLE. Treatment groups considered for the OLE analysis reflected those received in the double-blind and OLE periods: agomelatine (10 or 25 mg) in both (ago/ago, n = 170); placebo then agomelatine 10-25 mg (pcb/ago, n = 85); or fluoxetine then agomelatine 10-25 mg (fluox/ago, n = 84). Mean age (± SD) at entry into the double-blind phase (Week 0) was 13.6 ± 2.7 years and 61.9% were female. Mean changes in Children's Depression Rating Scale revised (CDRS-R) raw total score from Week 12 to last post-Week 12 value in the three groups were - 16.3 ± 12.2 (ago/ago), - 18.9 ± 16.1 (pcb/ago), and - 16.1 ± 15.5 (fluox/ago), reflecting the difference in efficacy between treatments during the double-blind period, and heterogeneity at W12 between the treatment groups. Adverse events considered related to treatment occurred in 14.5% of patients: 15.3% ago/ago, 16.5% pcb/ago, and 10.7% fluox/ago. Three patients (all adolescents) experienced treatment-related severe adverse events: two treated with ago/ago and one treated with pcb/ago. Among the adolescents, one treatment-related severe adverse event in a patient in the pcb/ago group led to study withdrawal. Agomelatine was associated with continuous improvement in depressive symptoms without unexpected safety signals. These findings support the safe use of agomelatine in a pediatric population with moderate-to-severe MDD for up to 104 weeks.Trial registration No: EUDRACT No. 2015-002181-23.
{"title":"Agomelatine in pediatric patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder: an open-label extension study.","authors":"Celso Arango, Joerg M Fegert, Françoise Picarel-Blanchot, Ute Marx, Lucie Truffaut-Chalet, Pierre-François Pénélaud, Jan Buitelaar","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02587-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02587-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) in young people is a common psychiatric disorder, but treatment options are limited. Agomelatine has demonstrated short-term efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. We report here the results of a 92-week open-label extension (OLE). The international, multicenter, double-blind, study randomized 400 patients (80 children, 320 adolescents) with moderate-to-severe MDD to one of four treatment groups: agomelatine 10 mg (n = 102), agomelatine 25 mg (n = 95), placebo (n = 103), and fluoxetine 10-20 mg (n = 100). After 12 weeks, patients who could benefit from treatment continuation were offered entry into an optional OLE during which they received agomelatine 10 or 25 mg for a further 92 weeks. A total of 339 patients (271 adolescents) entered the OLE. Treatment groups considered for the OLE analysis reflected those received in the double-blind and OLE periods: agomelatine (10 or 25 mg) in both (ago/ago, n = 170); placebo then agomelatine 10-25 mg (pcb/ago, n = 85); or fluoxetine then agomelatine 10-25 mg (fluox/ago, n = 84). Mean age (± SD) at entry into the double-blind phase (Week 0) was 13.6 ± 2.7 years and 61.9% were female. Mean changes in Children's Depression Rating Scale revised (CDRS-R) raw total score from Week 12 to last post-Week 12 value in the three groups were - 16.3 ± 12.2 (ago/ago), - 18.9 ± 16.1 (pcb/ago), and - 16.1 ± 15.5 (fluox/ago), reflecting the difference in efficacy between treatments during the double-blind period, and heterogeneity at W12 between the treatment groups. Adverse events considered related to treatment occurred in 14.5% of patients: 15.3% ago/ago, 16.5% pcb/ago, and 10.7% fluox/ago. Three patients (all adolescents) experienced treatment-related severe adverse events: two treated with ago/ago and one treated with pcb/ago. Among the adolescents, one treatment-related severe adverse event in a patient in the pcb/ago group led to study withdrawal. Agomelatine was associated with continuous improvement in depressive symptoms without unexpected safety signals. These findings support the safe use of agomelatine in a pediatric population with moderate-to-severe MDD for up to 104 weeks.Trial registration No: EUDRACT No. 2015-002181-23.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02585-6
Zedong Wang, Liqin Zheng, Lijuan Yang, Shunjie Yin, Shiqi Yu, Kai Chen, Tao Zhang, Hesong Wang, Tao Zhang, Yong Zhang
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder involving regional changes and local neural disturbances. However, few studies have investigated the dysfunctional phenomenon across different age stages. This study explores the structural and functional brain changes across different developmental stages in individuals with ASD, focusing on childhood (6-12 years), adolescence (12-18 years), and adulthood (18 + years). Using a comprehensive set of neuroimaging metrics, including modulated and non-modulated voxel-based morphometry (VBM), regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and fractional ALFF (fALFF), we identified significant stage-specific alterations in both VBM and functional measurements. Our results reveal that ASD is associated with progressive and stage-specific abnormalities in brain structure and function, with distinct patterns emerging at each developmental stage. Specifically, we observed significant modulated VBM reductions in the precuneus, lentiform nucleus, and inferior parietal lobule, accompanied by increases in the midbrain and sub-gyral regions. Moreover, we observed unmodulated VBM increment in regions including lentiform nucleus and thalamus. Functionally, ReHo analyses demonstrated disrupted local synchronization in the medial frontal gyrus, while ALFF and fALFF metrics highlighted altered spontaneous brain activity in the sub-gyral and sub-lobar. Finally, correlation analyses revealed that stage-specific findings are closely linked to clinical social- and behavior-related scores, with VBM in the inferior parietal lobule and putamen as well as ReHo in supplemental motor area being significantly associated with restrictive repetitive behaviors in childhood. These findings underscore the importance of considering age-specific brain changes when studying ASD and suggest that targeted interventions may be necessary at different developmental stages.
{"title":"Structural and functional whole brain changes in autism spectrum disorder at different age stages.","authors":"Zedong Wang, Liqin Zheng, Lijuan Yang, Shunjie Yin, Shiqi Yu, Kai Chen, Tao Zhang, Hesong Wang, Tao Zhang, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02585-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02585-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder involving regional changes and local neural disturbances. However, few studies have investigated the dysfunctional phenomenon across different age stages. This study explores the structural and functional brain changes across different developmental stages in individuals with ASD, focusing on childhood (6-12 years), adolescence (12-18 years), and adulthood (18 + years). Using a comprehensive set of neuroimaging metrics, including modulated and non-modulated voxel-based morphometry (VBM), regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and fractional ALFF (fALFF), we identified significant stage-specific alterations in both VBM and functional measurements. Our results reveal that ASD is associated with progressive and stage-specific abnormalities in brain structure and function, with distinct patterns emerging at each developmental stage. Specifically, we observed significant modulated VBM reductions in the precuneus, lentiform nucleus, and inferior parietal lobule, accompanied by increases in the midbrain and sub-gyral regions. Moreover, we observed unmodulated VBM increment in regions including lentiform nucleus and thalamus. Functionally, ReHo analyses demonstrated disrupted local synchronization in the medial frontal gyrus, while ALFF and fALFF metrics highlighted altered spontaneous brain activity in the sub-gyral and sub-lobar. Finally, correlation analyses revealed that stage-specific findings are closely linked to clinical social- and behavior-related scores, with VBM in the inferior parietal lobule and putamen as well as ReHo in supplemental motor area being significantly associated with restrictive repetitive behaviors in childhood. These findings underscore the importance of considering age-specific brain changes when studying ASD and suggest that targeted interventions may be necessary at different developmental stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02591-8
Sébastien Urben, Ana Ochoa Williams, Cécile Ben Jemia, Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou, Sara Machado Lazaro, Julia Giovannini, Marion Abi Kheir, Michael Kaess, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
Among youths, pathological irritability is highly prevalent and severely disabling. As a frequent symptom, it often leads to referrals to child and adolescent mental health services. Self-regulatory control (SRC) processes are a set of socio-psycho-physiological processes that allow individuals to adapt to their ever-changing environments. This conceptual framework may enhance the current understanding of the cognitive, emotional, behavioural and social dysregulations underlying irritability. The present systematic review (PROSPERO registration: #CRD42022370390) aims to synthesize existing studies that examine irritability through the lens of SRC processes among youths (< 18 years of age). We conducted a comprehensive literature search among six bibliographic databases: Embase.com, Medline ALL Ovid, APA PsycInfo Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Wiley and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Additional searches were performed using citation tracing strategies. The retrieved reports totalled 2612, of which we included 82 (i.e., articles) from 74 studies. More than 85% of reports were published during the last 6 years, highlighting the topicality of this work. The studies sampled n = 26,764 participants (n = 12,384 girls and n = 12,905 boys, n = 1475 no information) with an average age of 8.08 years (SD = 5.26). The included reports suggest that irritability has an association with lower effortful control, lower cognitive control and delay intolerance. Further, evidence indicates both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between irritability and a lack of regulation skills for positive and negative emotions, particularly anger. Physiological regulation seems to moderate the association between irritability and psychopathology. Finally, the mutual influence between a child's irritability and parenting practice has been established in several studies. This review uses the lens of SRC to illustrate the current understanding of irritability in psychopathology, discusses important gaps in the literature, and highlights new avenues for further research.
{"title":"Understanding irritability through the lens of self-regulatory control processes in children and adolescents: a systematic review.","authors":"Sébastien Urben, Ana Ochoa Williams, Cécile Ben Jemia, Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou, Sara Machado Lazaro, Julia Giovannini, Marion Abi Kheir, Michael Kaess, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Ines Mürner-Lavanchy","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02591-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02591-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among youths, pathological irritability is highly prevalent and severely disabling. As a frequent symptom, it often leads to referrals to child and adolescent mental health services. Self-regulatory control (SRC) processes are a set of socio-psycho-physiological processes that allow individuals to adapt to their ever-changing environments. This conceptual framework may enhance the current understanding of the cognitive, emotional, behavioural and social dysregulations underlying irritability. The present systematic review (PROSPERO registration: #CRD42022370390) aims to synthesize existing studies that examine irritability through the lens of SRC processes among youths (< 18 years of age). We conducted a comprehensive literature search among six bibliographic databases: Embase.com, Medline ALL Ovid, APA PsycInfo Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Wiley and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Additional searches were performed using citation tracing strategies. The retrieved reports totalled 2612, of which we included 82 (i.e., articles) from 74 studies. More than 85% of reports were published during the last 6 years, highlighting the topicality of this work. The studies sampled n = 26,764 participants (n = 12,384 girls and n = 12,905 boys, n = 1475 no information) with an average age of 8.08 years (SD = 5.26). The included reports suggest that irritability has an association with lower effortful control, lower cognitive control and delay intolerance. Further, evidence indicates both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between irritability and a lack of regulation skills for positive and negative emotions, particularly anger. Physiological regulation seems to moderate the association between irritability and psychopathology. Finally, the mutual influence between a child's irritability and parenting practice has been established in several studies. This review uses the lens of SRC to illustrate the current understanding of irritability in psychopathology, discusses important gaps in the literature, and highlights new avenues for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02592-7
Jae Won Suh, Rob Saunders, Elizabeth Simes, Henry Delamain, Stephen Butler, David Cottrell, Abdullah Kraam, Stephen Scott, Ian M Goodyer, James Wason, Stephen Pilling, Peter Fonagy
Introduction: Accurate prediction of short-term offending in young people exhibiting antisocial behaviour could support targeted interventions. Here we develop a set of machine learning (ML) models that predict offending status with good accuracy; furthermore, we show interpretable ML analyses can complement models to inform clinical decision-making.
Methods: This study included 679 individuals aged 11-17 years who displayed moderate-to-severe antisocial behaviour, from a controlled trial of Multisystemic-therapy in England. The outcome was any criminal offence in the 18 months after study baseline. Four types of ML algorithms were trained: logistic regression, elastic net regression, random forest, and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Prediction models were developed (1) using predictors readily available to clinicians (e.g. sociodemographics, previous convictions), and (2) with additional information (e.g. parenting). Model agnostic feature importance values were calculated and the most important predictors identified. Nested cross-validation with 100 iterations of random data splits and 10-fold cross-validation within each iteration was employed, and the average predictive performance was reported.
Results: Among the ML models using readily available predictors, the GBM is the strongest model (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.85-0.86); the other models have average AUCs of 0.82. This performance was better than using only the total number of previous offences as the predictor (0.67, 0.66-0.68), and the model simply assuming past offending status as the prediction (0.81, 0.80-0.81). Additional predictors slightly increased the performance of logistic regression and random forest models but decreased the performance of elastic net regression and gradient boosting machine-based models.
Conclusion: The potential utility of ML approaches for accurately predicting criminal offences in high-risk youth is demonstrated. Interpretable ML-based predictive models could be utilised in youth services or research to help develop and deliver effective interventions.
简介对表现出反社会行为的青少年的短期犯罪情况进行准确预测有助于采取有针对性的干预措施。在此,我们开发了一套机器学习(ML)模型,可准确预测犯罪状况;此外,我们还展示了可解释的 ML 分析,可对模型进行补充,为临床决策提供信息:本研究从英格兰的一项多系统疗法对照试验中选取了 679 名年龄在 11-17 岁之间、有中度至重度反社会行为的人。研究结果为研究基线后 18 个月内的任何刑事犯罪。对四种 ML 算法进行了训练:逻辑回归、弹性网回归、随机森林和梯度提升机 (GBM)。预测模型的开发:(1)使用临床医生随时可用的预测因子(如社会人口学、前科);(2)使用附加信息(如父母教育)。计算出与模型无关的特征重要性值,并确定最重要的预测因子。采用了嵌套交叉验证,随机数据分割迭代 100 次,每次迭代 10 倍交叉验证,并报告了平均预测性能:结果:在使用现成预测因子的 ML 模型中,GBM 是最强的模型(AUC 0.85,95% CI 0.85-0.86);其他模型的平均 AUC 为 0.82。这一表现优于仅使用既往犯罪总数作为预测因子的模型(0.67,0.66-0.68),也优于简单假定既往犯罪状况作为预测因子的模型(0.81,0.80-0.81)。附加预测因子略微提高了逻辑回归和随机森林模型的性能,但降低了弹性净回归和基于梯度提升机器的模型的性能:结论:ML 方法在准确预测高危青少年刑事犯罪方面的潜在效用得到了证明。可解释的基于 ML 的预测模型可用于青少年服务或研究,以帮助开发和提供有效的干预措施。
{"title":"Predicting criminal offence in adolescents who exhibit antisocial behaviour: a machine learning study using data from a large randomised controlled trial of multisystemic therapy.","authors":"Jae Won Suh, Rob Saunders, Elizabeth Simes, Henry Delamain, Stephen Butler, David Cottrell, Abdullah Kraam, Stephen Scott, Ian M Goodyer, James Wason, Stephen Pilling, Peter Fonagy","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02592-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02592-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate prediction of short-term offending in young people exhibiting antisocial behaviour could support targeted interventions. Here we develop a set of machine learning (ML) models that predict offending status with good accuracy; furthermore, we show interpretable ML analyses can complement models to inform clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 679 individuals aged 11-17 years who displayed moderate-to-severe antisocial behaviour, from a controlled trial of Multisystemic-therapy in England. The outcome was any criminal offence in the 18 months after study baseline. Four types of ML algorithms were trained: logistic regression, elastic net regression, random forest, and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Prediction models were developed (1) using predictors readily available to clinicians (e.g. sociodemographics, previous convictions), and (2) with additional information (e.g. parenting). Model agnostic feature importance values were calculated and the most important predictors identified. Nested cross-validation with 100 iterations of random data splits and 10-fold cross-validation within each iteration was employed, and the average predictive performance was reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the ML models using readily available predictors, the GBM is the strongest model (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.85-0.86); the other models have average AUCs of 0.82. This performance was better than using only the total number of previous offences as the predictor (0.67, 0.66-0.68), and the model simply assuming past offending status as the prediction (0.81, 0.80-0.81). Additional predictors slightly increased the performance of logistic regression and random forest models but decreased the performance of elastic net regression and gradient boosting machine-based models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The potential utility of ML approaches for accurately predicting criminal offences in high-risk youth is demonstrated. Interpretable ML-based predictive models could be utilised in youth services or research to help develop and deliver effective interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02590-9
Lok Yee Chloe Tam, Yanisa Taechameekietichai, Jennifer L Allen
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent condition characterised by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This systematic literature review aims to identify the child clinical and sociodemographic factors related to the detection and diagnosis of ADHD in children and adolescents, given concerns about delays or failures in identifying ADHD as well as over-diagnosis, hindering appropriate and timely support for children and families. Through electronic and manual searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature, 5852 articles were identified and subjected to two stages of screening by independent reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity in study methods, a narrative approach was used to summarise study findings. Forty-one studies meeting eligibility criteria revealed sixteen child-related factors influencing the ADHD diagnostic process. These factors include ADHD subtype, ADHD symptom severity, comorbid mental disorders, behavior problems, internalizing symptoms, functional impairment, social and cognitive functioning, physical health, gender, age, relative age, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, insurance coverage, residence urbanicity, and family structure. While the impact of many of these factors on ADHD diagnosis was inconsistent due to the substantial diversity in study designs and context, certain patterns emerged. Meeting the criteria for the inattentive subtype, lower functional impairment, female gender, Black or Latinx ethnicity, and being relatively young for their grade were consistently found to be associated with a delayed or absent ADHD diagnosis. Further research is needed to explore the intricate relationships between these child-level variables and their implications for ADHD recognition, referral, and evaluation, especially outside the USA.
{"title":"Individual child factors affecting the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents: a systematic review.","authors":"Lok Yee Chloe Tam, Yanisa Taechameekietichai, Jennifer L Allen","doi":"10.1007/s00787-024-02590-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02590-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent condition characterised by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This systematic literature review aims to identify the child clinical and sociodemographic factors related to the detection and diagnosis of ADHD in children and adolescents, given concerns about delays or failures in identifying ADHD as well as over-diagnosis, hindering appropriate and timely support for children and families. Through electronic and manual searches of peer-reviewed and grey literature, 5852 articles were identified and subjected to two stages of screening by independent reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity in study methods, a narrative approach was used to summarise study findings. Forty-one studies meeting eligibility criteria revealed sixteen child-related factors influencing the ADHD diagnostic process. These factors include ADHD subtype, ADHD symptom severity, comorbid mental disorders, behavior problems, internalizing symptoms, functional impairment, social and cognitive functioning, physical health, gender, age, relative age, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, insurance coverage, residence urbanicity, and family structure. While the impact of many of these factors on ADHD diagnosis was inconsistent due to the substantial diversity in study designs and context, certain patterns emerged. Meeting the criteria for the inattentive subtype, lower functional impairment, female gender, Black or Latinx ethnicity, and being relatively young for their grade were consistently found to be associated with a delayed or absent ADHD diagnosis. Further research is needed to explore the intricate relationships between these child-level variables and their implications for ADHD recognition, referral, and evaluation, especially outside the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11856,"journal":{"name":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}