Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574518
A. Labak, G. Nazri, N. Kar
Growing concerns due to environmental impact of extensive fuel combustion by on-road transportation have emphasized the need for alternative solution to the on-board power generation. This paper proposes a novel method to generate electricity on board a vehicle by using local changes in pressure and shape of a pneumatic tire while vehicle is moving. Arrangement of a set of generators incorporated inside a vehicle's wheel is fully demonstrated in this paper. The paper proposes different generator configurations, and presents preliminary design and development of a linear permanent magnet generator using Finite Element Analysis.
{"title":"A novel design of electric tire concept incorporating permanent magnet linear generators arrangement","authors":"A. Labak, G. Nazri, N. Kar","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574518","url":null,"abstract":"Growing concerns due to environmental impact of extensive fuel combustion by on-road transportation have emphasized the need for alternative solution to the on-board power generation. This paper proposes a novel method to generate electricity on board a vehicle by using local changes in pressure and shape of a pneumatic tire while vehicle is moving. Arrangement of a set of generators incorporated inside a vehicle's wheel is fully demonstrated in this paper. The paper proposes different generator configurations, and presents preliminary design and development of a linear permanent magnet generator using Finite Element Analysis.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115194382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573473
S. Abeyratne, Parami Wijesinghe, C. Liyanagedera
Fast charging has become a major concern due to advents of more convenient methodologies of extracting renewable energy with the aid of new technology. Batteries are used widely to store energy and a charging technique that hinders the chemical reactions impeding the current is found. This technique known as pulse charging is thus comparatively fast and has received extensive attention over the last decade. Simultaneously, many fast charging topologies have been developed over the years with their own strengths and weaknesses. In this research a novel pulse charging topology with soft switching and isolation is introduced which facilitates high power pulse charging due to reduced switching losses.
{"title":"Pulse charger with zero current switching and isolation for electric vehicles and renewable energy applications","authors":"S. Abeyratne, Parami Wijesinghe, C. Liyanagedera","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573473","url":null,"abstract":"Fast charging has become a major concern due to advents of more convenient methodologies of extracting renewable energy with the aid of new technology. Batteries are used widely to store energy and a charging technique that hinders the chemical reactions impeding the current is found. This technique known as pulse charging is thus comparatively fast and has received extensive attention over the last decade. Simultaneously, many fast charging topologies have been developed over the years with their own strengths and weaknesses. In this research a novel pulse charging topology with soft switching and isolation is introduced which facilitates high power pulse charging due to reduced switching losses.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574513
D. Guilbert, A. Gaillard, A. N'Diaye, A. Djerdir
Due to low DC voltage generated from fuel cell, a DC/DC converter must be used to interface fuel cell and DC bus in automotive applications such as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Furthermore, the occurrence of power semiconductors failures in DC/DC converter has negative effects both for fuel cell and DC/DC converter and consequently on the whole powertrain. The purpose of this paper is to show and analyze the impacts of power semiconductors faults on energy efficiency and waveforms (e.g. FC and DC bus voltages, FC current) without modifying the topology and control. Besides, it has been chosen to focus this study on two topologies of interleaved DC/DC converters enabling to take into consideration the requirements of FCEV applications. These topologies have the capacity compared with the boost topology to operate even in case of faults, ensuring consequently a continuity of service.
{"title":"Energy efficiency and fault tolerance comparison of DC/DC converters topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles","authors":"D. Guilbert, A. Gaillard, A. N'Diaye, A. Djerdir","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574513","url":null,"abstract":"Due to low DC voltage generated from fuel cell, a DC/DC converter must be used to interface fuel cell and DC bus in automotive applications such as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Furthermore, the occurrence of power semiconductors failures in DC/DC converter has negative effects both for fuel cell and DC/DC converter and consequently on the whole powertrain. The purpose of this paper is to show and analyze the impacts of power semiconductors faults on energy efficiency and waveforms (e.g. FC and DC bus voltages, FC current) without modifying the topology and control. Besides, it has been chosen to focus this study on two topologies of interleaved DC/DC converters enabling to take into consideration the requirements of FCEV applications. These topologies have the capacity compared with the boost topology to operate even in case of faults, ensuring consequently a continuity of service.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123559401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573490
L. Sejpal, L. Lopes, M. Amar, S. Williamson
This paper concentrates on the application of a three-level Neutral-Point Clamped (NPC) inverter in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) driven electric vehicle. Carrier-Based Space Vector Modulation (CB-SVM) strategy allows a simple technique for inverter switching. A split-capacitor dc bus voltage balancing strategy using a simple PI controller has been presented for the entire speed range of operation of the PMSM. For the same current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), three-level NPC inverter provides a 65% reduction in switching frequency when compared to a conventional two-level inverter while driving the PMSM with the same parameters. Torque and speed dual loop controllers have been developed using the Field-oriented Control technique to have a wider range of operation beyond the base speed of the PMSM.
{"title":"Neutral-point voltage balancing of three-level EV traction inverter using modified carrier-based SVM and THD comparison with a two-level inverter","authors":"L. Sejpal, L. Lopes, M. Amar, S. Williamson","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concentrates on the application of a three-level Neutral-Point Clamped (NPC) inverter in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) driven electric vehicle. Carrier-Based Space Vector Modulation (CB-SVM) strategy allows a simple technique for inverter switching. A split-capacitor dc bus voltage balancing strategy using a simple PI controller has been presented for the entire speed range of operation of the PMSM. For the same current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), three-level NPC inverter provides a 65% reduction in switching frequency when compared to a conventional two-level inverter while driving the PMSM with the same parameters. Torque and speed dual loop controllers have been developed using the Field-oriented Control technique to have a wider range of operation beyond the base speed of the PMSM.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121656219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574516
Yipeng Hou, A. Ravey, D. Bouquain, Fei Gao, A. Miraoui, Weiguo Liu
This paper presents a comparison of different electric motor controls-PI control and sliding mode control (SMC) for a hybrid electric vehicle based on fuel cell. The aim of control is tracking a driving cycle, which represents the vehicle speed by time. Different driving cycles (standard and recorded) are simulated, and the study shows the impact of the different driving patterns on the electric motor control. The simulation results demonstrate that sliding mode control has better dynamic performance than PI control especially when load torque changes at high frequency.
{"title":"Electric motor control for hybrid electric vehicles based on different driving cycles","authors":"Yipeng Hou, A. Ravey, D. Bouquain, Fei Gao, A. Miraoui, Weiguo Liu","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of different electric motor controls-PI control and sliding mode control (SMC) for a hybrid electric vehicle based on fuel cell. The aim of control is tracking a driving cycle, which represents the vehicle speed by time. Different driving cycles (standard and recorded) are simulated, and the study shows the impact of the different driving patterns on the electric motor control. The simulation results demonstrate that sliding mode control has better dynamic performance than PI control especially when load torque changes at high frequency.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122143366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574491
Jianqiang Liu, Shi Li, Yong Jiang, M. Krishnamurthy
Based on the structure parameter and operating principle of the traction drive system for high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs), the reliability block diagram(RBD) models of traction drive system are established. According to the theory of system reliability and the failure statistic datum of the traction drive system in CRH3 high-speed EMUs which running in Beijing-Tianjin and Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, the law of reliability about components in the traction drive system are proved. At the same time, the methods of calculation about reliability evaluation indexes are given, the failure rate and the reliability of the various components are calculated. Based on the RBD model of the traction drive system, the reliability of the whole traction drive system in Beijing-Tianjin and Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway are evaluated. The research results provide reference for safe utilization and maintenance and repair of the traction drive system of CRH3 high-speed EMUs.
{"title":"Reliability evaluating for traction drive system of high-speed electrical multiple units","authors":"Jianqiang Liu, Shi Li, Yong Jiang, M. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574491","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the structure parameter and operating principle of the traction drive system for high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs), the reliability block diagram(RBD) models of traction drive system are established. According to the theory of system reliability and the failure statistic datum of the traction drive system in CRH3 high-speed EMUs which running in Beijing-Tianjin and Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, the law of reliability about components in the traction drive system are proved. At the same time, the methods of calculation about reliability evaluation indexes are given, the failure rate and the reliability of the various components are calculated. Based on the RBD model of the traction drive system, the reliability of the whole traction drive system in Beijing-Tianjin and Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway are evaluated. The research results provide reference for safe utilization and maintenance and repair of the traction drive system of CRH3 high-speed EMUs.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129279221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574506
O. Onar, JohnM . Miller, S. Campbell, C. Coomer, C. White, L. Seiber
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a convenient, safe, and autonomous means for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging that has seen rapid growth in recent years for stationary applications. WPT does not require bulky contacts, plugs, and wires, is not affected by dirt or weather conditions, and is as efficient as conventional charging systems. This study summarizes some of the recent Sustainable Campus Initiative activities of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in WPT charging of an on-campus vehicle (a Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle). Laboratory development of the WPT coils, high-frequency power inverter, and overall systems integration are discussed. Results cover the coil performance testing at different operating frequencies, airgaps, and misalignments. Some of the experimental results of insertion loss due to roadway surfacing materials in the air-gap are presented. Experimental lessons learned are also covered in this study.
{"title":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Wireless Power Transfer Development for Sustainable Campus Initiative","authors":"O. Onar, JohnM . Miller, S. Campbell, C. Coomer, C. White, L. Seiber","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6574506","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a convenient, safe, and autonomous means for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging that has seen rapid growth in recent years for stationary applications. WPT does not require bulky contacts, plugs, and wires, is not affected by dirt or weather conditions, and is as efficient as conventional charging systems. This study summarizes some of the recent Sustainable Campus Initiative activities of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in WPT charging of an on-campus vehicle (a Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle). Laboratory development of the WPT coils, high-frequency power inverter, and overall systems integration are discussed. Results cover the coil performance testing at different operating frequencies, airgaps, and misalignments. Some of the experimental results of insertion loss due to roadway surfacing materials in the air-gap are presented. Experimental lessons learned are also covered in this study.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126504263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573472
A. Mohammadi, A. Djerdir, D. Bouquain, B. Bouriot, D. Khaburi
In this paper the PEMFC fault diagnosis is based on neural network modeling approach combined to numerical simulation in which a new developed sensitive model of PEMFC has been especially used. In literature the voltage changing is evaluated according to a variation of the total electrical resistance by assuming the same physical parameters (temperature, pressure...) in whole area of the FC cells. The main contribution of this work is to consider a 2D variation of temperature, pressure and humidity within cathode-membrane-anode zone of the PEMFC by using a multi-loops/nods circuit model. Then a NN model has been developed to classify faults and to recognize them on line during the FC operating.
{"title":"Fault sensitive modeling and diagnosis of PEM fuel cell for automotive applications","authors":"A. Mohammadi, A. Djerdir, D. Bouquain, B. Bouriot, D. Khaburi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573472","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the PEMFC fault diagnosis is based on neural network modeling approach combined to numerical simulation in which a new developed sensitive model of PEMFC has been especially used. In literature the voltage changing is evaluated according to a variation of the total electrical resistance by assuming the same physical parameters (temperature, pressure...) in whole area of the FC cells. The main contribution of this work is to consider a 2D variation of temperature, pressure and humidity within cathode-membrane-anode zone of the PEMFC by using a multi-loops/nods circuit model. Then a NN model has been developed to classify faults and to recognize them on line during the FC operating.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124565919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573479
S. Sepasi, R. Ghorbani, B. Liaw
Rechargeable batteries as an energy source in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids are receiving more attention with the worldwide demand for reduction of greenhouse gas emission. In all of these applications for secondary batteries, the battery management system (BMS) needs to have an accurate inline estimation of state of charge (SOC) of each individual cell in the battery pack. Yet, this estimation is still difficult, especially after substantial aging of batteries. This paper presents a model adaptive extended Kalman filter (MAEKF) method to estimate SOC of Li-ion batteries. This method uses an optimization algorithm to update the EKF model parameters during a discharge period. State of health (SOH) information would be updated while the battery is charged/discharged, (aged). The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified based on data acquired from a LiFePO4 battery.
{"title":"SOC estimation for aged lithium-ion batteries using model adaptive extended Kalman filter","authors":"S. Sepasi, R. Ghorbani, B. Liaw","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573479","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable batteries as an energy source in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids are receiving more attention with the worldwide demand for reduction of greenhouse gas emission. In all of these applications for secondary batteries, the battery management system (BMS) needs to have an accurate inline estimation of state of charge (SOC) of each individual cell in the battery pack. Yet, this estimation is still difficult, especially after substantial aging of batteries. This paper presents a model adaptive extended Kalman filter (MAEKF) method to estimate SOC of Li-ion batteries. This method uses an optimization algorithm to update the EKF model parameters during a discharge period. State of health (SOH) information would be updated while the battery is charged/discharged, (aged). The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified based on data acquired from a LiFePO4 battery.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"434 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-16DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573481
Ganga P. Jayaraman, Zenon Szulyk
This paper describes the architecture and modeling of a pitch trim actuator servo drive system designed by Woodward Inc. for a typical midsize business jet aircraft. The PTA system provides secondary pitch control by adjusting a set of trim tabs located on the trailing edge of the elevator surface. Trim tab commands are issued by the trim wheel or the trim switches located on the control stick in the cockpit. Thrust compensation commands and flap position commands may also be sent by the flight computer directly to the PTA system for appropriate pitch corrections. The solution consists of a linear actuator and two electronic control units. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the accuracy and dynamic performance of the speed control system.
{"title":"Simulation analysis of a pitch trim actuator","authors":"Ganga P. Jayaraman, Zenon Szulyk","doi":"10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2013.6573481","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the architecture and modeling of a pitch trim actuator servo drive system designed by Woodward Inc. for a typical midsize business jet aircraft. The PTA system provides secondary pitch control by adjusting a set of trim tabs located on the trailing edge of the elevator surface. Trim tab commands are issued by the trim wheel or the trim switches located on the control stick in the cockpit. Thrust compensation commands and flap position commands may also be sent by the flight computer directly to the PTA system for appropriate pitch corrections. The solution consists of a linear actuator and two electronic control units. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the accuracy and dynamic performance of the speed control system.","PeriodicalId":118616,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126835499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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