Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/23998083231217784
Raz Weiner, Filipe Mello Rose, Batel Yossef Ravid, Jörg Rainer Noennig, Meirav Aharon-Gutman
Despite planning support systems (PSS) becoming increasingly useful for citizen participation processes, the effects of such systems’ material and spatial setup on citizen participation processes still need to be studied. PSS have long been equated to software- and data-based technologies, and only little attention has been put on place-bound PSS that prescribe onsite face-to-face collaboration. As closing the ‘implementation gap’ requires extensive conceptualisation, description, and critical analysis of different ideal types, workings, and use cases of PSS, this study researches this understudied place-bound type of PSS. More precisely, this study uses empirical material from Haifa’s 3 S Lab to contribute to closing the implementation gap by identifying place-bound PSS – an under-studied type of PSS – as useful for deliberative decision-making – an overlooked implementation context. This research advances the conceptualisation of PSS by discussing place-bound PSS and their hypothesised utility, practical setup, and empirically tested benefits for deliberative citizen participation. We find that the benefits of place-bound PSS for planning lie in deliberative affordances that ease the communication and comprehension deficiencies that often plague deliberative citizen participation processes. As place-bound PSS, the 3 S Lab provides an immersive shared space that improves communication, while its interactive visualisation techniques afford improved comprehension of complex urban issues.
尽管规划支持系统（PSS）对公民参与过程的作用越来越大，但此类系统的物质和空间设置对公民参与过程的影响仍有待研究。长期以来，规划支持系统一直等同于以软件和数据为基础的技术，人们很少关注那些需要现场面对面合作的、与地点相关的规划支持系统。要缩小 "实施差距"，需要对 PSS 的不同理想类型、工作原理和使用案例进行广泛的概念化、描述和批判性分析，因此本研究对这一未被充分研究的地点绑定型 PSS 进行了研究。更确切地说，本研究利用海法 3 S 实验室的经验材料，通过确定场所约束型 PSS（一种研究不足的 PSS 类型）对审议决策（一种被忽视的实施环境）的有用性，为缩小实施差距做出贡献。本研究通过讨论与地点相关的个人和社会服务及其假设效用、实际设置以及经过实证检验的公民参与议事的益处，推进了个人和社会服务的概念化。我们发现，与地点相关的计划支助服务对规划的益处在于其审议能力，它能缓解经常困扰公民审议参与过程的沟通和理解缺陷。3 S 实验室作为与地点相关的 PSS，提供了一个身临其境的共享空间，改善了交流，而其交互式可视化技术则提高了对复杂城市问题的理解能力。
{"title":"Place-bound planning support systems for deliberation: Affording better communication and comprehension","authors":"Raz Weiner, Filipe Mello Rose, Batel Yossef Ravid, Jörg Rainer Noennig, Meirav Aharon-Gutman","doi":"10.1177/23998083231217784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217784","url":null,"abstract":"Despite planning support systems (PSS) becoming increasingly useful for citizen participation processes, the effects of such systems’ material and spatial setup on citizen participation processes still need to be studied. PSS have long been equated to software- and data-based technologies, and only little attention has been put on place-bound PSS that prescribe onsite face-to-face collaboration. As closing the ‘implementation gap’ requires extensive conceptualisation, description, and critical analysis of different ideal types, workings, and use cases of PSS, this study researches this understudied place-bound type of PSS. More precisely, this study uses empirical material from Haifa’s 3 S Lab to contribute to closing the implementation gap by identifying place-bound PSS – an under-studied type of PSS – as useful for deliberative decision-making – an overlooked implementation context. This research advances the conceptualisation of PSS by discussing place-bound PSS and their hypothesised utility, practical setup, and empirically tested benefits for deliberative citizen participation. We find that the benefits of place-bound PSS for planning lie in deliberative affordances that ease the communication and comprehension deficiencies that often plague deliberative citizen participation processes. As place-bound PSS, the 3 S Lab provides an immersive shared space that improves communication, while its interactive visualisation techniques afford improved comprehension of complex urban issues.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"864 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/23998083231217349
Y. Kamata, Jung Eun Kang
This study aimed to analyze the improvement in outdoor thermal environment by greening of persistently vacant housing and open areas in a densely built old downtown area of Busan Metropolitan City using ENVI-met. Simulation was performed for a summer day by constructing four scenarios for four areas considering the building density and slope direction. The results indicate that compared to the current scenario, the concrete scenario had the worst thermal environment, where the average temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) increased by 0.04°C, 1.49°C, and 0.51°C, respectively. In contrast, the tree scenario exhibited the most significant improvement. The average temperature, MRT, and PET decreased by 0.03°C, 1.66°C, and 0.65°C, respectively. Moreover, the removal of vacant houses in dense residential areas improved ventilation, and PET decreased by approximately 8°C locally. Planting trees higher than the demolished vacant houses mitigated the thermal environment considerably. The effect of greening was the strongest in the residential areas located on the south-facing slope with the worst thermal environment. This study provides essential data for implementing greening as a smart reduction strategy in the sustainable management of vacant houses.
{"title":"Effect of greening vacant houses on improvement in thermal environment using ENVI-met simulation: A case study on Busan metropolitan city","authors":"Y. Kamata, Jung Eun Kang","doi":"10.1177/23998083231217349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217349","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the improvement in outdoor thermal environment by greening of persistently vacant housing and open areas in a densely built old downtown area of Busan Metropolitan City using ENVI-met. Simulation was performed for a summer day by constructing four scenarios for four areas considering the building density and slope direction. The results indicate that compared to the current scenario, the concrete scenario had the worst thermal environment, where the average temperature, mean radiant temperature (MRT), and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) increased by 0.04°C, 1.49°C, and 0.51°C, respectively. In contrast, the tree scenario exhibited the most significant improvement. The average temperature, MRT, and PET decreased by 0.03°C, 1.66°C, and 0.65°C, respectively. Moreover, the removal of vacant houses in dense residential areas improved ventilation, and PET decreased by approximately 8°C locally. Planting trees higher than the demolished vacant houses mitigated the thermal environment considerably. The effect of greening was the strongest in the residential areas located on the south-facing slope with the worst thermal environment. This study provides essential data for implementing greening as a smart reduction strategy in the sustainable management of vacant houses.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139219524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/23998083231218774
Flavia Lopes, Lucas Figueiredo, Jorge Gil, Edja Trigueiro
Addressing housing deficits and inequalities remains a key challenge for cities in promoting more sustainable urban development. In response to these challenges, governments around the world, particularly in the Global South, have made substantial investments in housing policies for middle- and low-income individuals. Nevertheless, while these initiatives increase housing provision, they often face criticism for not adequately considering the location of new residences. This oversight has far-reaching effects on the accessibility to essential facilities, which play a pivotal role in determining spatial advantages and disadvantages, and consequently, in the degree of inclusion of individuals in both the city and society. Addressing this critical role of accessibility, this paper introduces a methodology for assessing the potential impact of housing policies on the lives of their beneficiaries, by quantifying changes in cumulative accessibility levels between individuals' former house locations and the location of the housing projects into which they moved. Accessibility is calculated for three distinct transport modes: walking, cycling, and public transport, using unimodal and multimodal urban network models. A case study was conducted in Natal, northeastern Brazil, on the implementation of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life, MCMV) housing policy, initiated in 2009 and still active today. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in accessibility across all transportation modes when individuals moved to the new housing estates. The decline was particularly pronounced among individuals with lower incomes, potentially raising their regular expenses after relocation and, ultimately, leading to spatial isolation and social exclusion. These findings demonstrate the contribution of the methodology to capturing the impacts of housing policies on the everyday accessibility of their beneficiaries, while emphasizing the importance of re-evaluating these policies with a particular focus on fostering the social and urban inclusion of beneficiaries.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of social housing policies: Measuring accessibility changes when individuals move to social housing projects","authors":"Flavia Lopes, Lucas Figueiredo, Jorge Gil, Edja Trigueiro","doi":"10.1177/23998083231218774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231218774","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing housing deficits and inequalities remains a key challenge for cities in promoting more sustainable urban development. In response to these challenges, governments around the world, particularly in the Global South, have made substantial investments in housing policies for middle- and low-income individuals. Nevertheless, while these initiatives increase housing provision, they often face criticism for not adequately considering the location of new residences. This oversight has far-reaching effects on the accessibility to essential facilities, which play a pivotal role in determining spatial advantages and disadvantages, and consequently, in the degree of inclusion of individuals in both the city and society. Addressing this critical role of accessibility, this paper introduces a methodology for assessing the potential impact of housing policies on the lives of their beneficiaries, by quantifying changes in cumulative accessibility levels between individuals' former house locations and the location of the housing projects into which they moved. Accessibility is calculated for three distinct transport modes: walking, cycling, and public transport, using unimodal and multimodal urban network models. A case study was conducted in Natal, northeastern Brazil, on the implementation of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life, MCMV) housing policy, initiated in 2009 and still active today. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease in accessibility across all transportation modes when individuals moved to the new housing estates. The decline was particularly pronounced among individuals with lower incomes, potentially raising their regular expenses after relocation and, ultimately, leading to spatial isolation and social exclusion. These findings demonstrate the contribution of the methodology to capturing the impacts of housing policies on the everyday accessibility of their beneficiaries, while emphasizing the importance of re-evaluating these policies with a particular focus on fostering the social and urban inclusion of beneficiaries.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.1177/23998083231217770
Gabriel Valença, Filipe Moura, Ana Morais de Sá
Road space distribution has traditionally been based on the hierarchical classification of streets. In arterials, the majority of space is dedicated to traffic lanes, whereas local streets typically have fewer traffic lanes and more space for parking or sidewalks. Within urban areas, road space is contested between two main types of spaces: corridors of movement, and places for access and standing/stillness/staying. Given the limited availability of urban space, particularly in central areas, deciding how to allocate space for these functions poses a dilemma and requires tradeoffs. Nonetheless, certain areas experience underutilization and inefficiencies in space utilization over time. In this context, we propose a site selection methodology to identify complex zones within a city where different types of users and demands compete for space. These zones present the potential for dynamically allocating road space based on fluctuating demands and policy objectives. This methodology serves as an initial guide for planners to identify zones that require a thorough evaluation of activities and diverse temporal-spatial demands when reallocating road space. We use network centrality, land use indicators, traffic, and public transport dynamics indicators to detect complex zones and apply them to a Lisbon case study.
{"title":"Where is it complex to reallocate road space?","authors":"Gabriel Valença, Filipe Moura, Ana Morais de Sá","doi":"10.1177/23998083231217770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217770","url":null,"abstract":"Road space distribution has traditionally been based on the hierarchical classification of streets. In arterials, the majority of space is dedicated to traffic lanes, whereas local streets typically have fewer traffic lanes and more space for parking or sidewalks. Within urban areas, road space is contested between two main types of spaces: corridors of movement, and places for access and standing/stillness/staying. Given the limited availability of urban space, particularly in central areas, deciding how to allocate space for these functions poses a dilemma and requires tradeoffs. Nonetheless, certain areas experience underutilization and inefficiencies in space utilization over time. In this context, we propose a site selection methodology to identify complex zones within a city where different types of users and demands compete for space. These zones present the potential for dynamically allocating road space based on fluctuating demands and policy objectives. This methodology serves as an initial guide for planners to identify zones that require a thorough evaluation of activities and diverse temporal-spatial demands when reallocating road space. We use network centrality, land use indicators, traffic, and public transport dynamics indicators to detect complex zones and apply them to a Lisbon case study.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1177/23998083231217014
Antoine Peris, Laure Casanova Enault
This paper contributes to the debate on the liquidity of real estate investment in the context of financialisation. Using microdata built from tax registers, we analyse the geography of rental housing purchases by private individuals from three French cities. We develop a modelling approach in order to better understand the respective roles of space and market characteristics in determining buy-to-let investment flows. Considering the distribution of the data and our objective of integrating both intra- and intercity housing investments in a single model, we use an adaptive zoning approach. This approach allows high spatial resolution where interactions are strong to be kept and the aggregation of more distant, less populated areas. We demonstrate that geographical proximity is highly determinant in explaining flows of buy-to-let investments from private individuals. We also uncover striking facts related to the geography of rental investments, such as the convergence of investments from rich suburbs toward the centre of agglomerations and preferential flows from the Paris region to southern and coastal cities. Finally, we find that investors tend to buy in upmarket areas and in places that are more expensive than their market of residence. Our results indicate that geographical proximity and safety of investments are key factors in housing wealth accumulation by private individuals.
{"title":"Proximity or opportunity? Spatial and market determinants of private individuals’ buy-to-let investments","authors":"Antoine Peris, Laure Casanova Enault","doi":"10.1177/23998083231217014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the debate on the liquidity of real estate investment in the context of financialisation. Using microdata built from tax registers, we analyse the geography of rental housing purchases by private individuals from three French cities. We develop a modelling approach in order to better understand the respective roles of space and market characteristics in determining buy-to-let investment flows. Considering the distribution of the data and our objective of integrating both intra- and intercity housing investments in a single model, we use an adaptive zoning approach. This approach allows high spatial resolution where interactions are strong to be kept and the aggregation of more distant, less populated areas. We demonstrate that geographical proximity is highly determinant in explaining flows of buy-to-let investments from private individuals. We also uncover striking facts related to the geography of rental investments, such as the convergence of investments from rich suburbs toward the centre of agglomerations and preferential flows from the Paris region to southern and coastal cities. Finally, we find that investors tend to buy in upmarket areas and in places that are more expensive than their market of residence. Our results indicate that geographical proximity and safety of investments are key factors in housing wealth accumulation by private individuals.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"105 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/23998083231217013
J. Jeong
Although administrative boundaries are non-physical, they can cause regional inequalities through boundary effects that result in discontinuities between areas. The boundary effect refers to the disparities in policy, economic, and social aspects between areas caused by administrative boundaries, which can lead to regional differences. This study aims to identify the mechanisms that induce discontinuities in regional development due to administrative boundaries. The boundary effect mechanism assumed to include the spillover, fragmentation, and hierarchy effects were examined using six scenarios, each modeled using a spatial economic model. Through the comparison of various scenarios, we have demonstrated the potential validity of the three components comprising the assumed boundary effect. Furthermore, we have confirmed that the model incorporating all effects that we assumed in our research, namely spillover, fragmentation, and hierarchy effects, provides the best fit. We hypothesized and verified the mechanism of boundary effects that disrupt regional development, thereby enhancing the understanding of these effects.
{"title":"Discontinuities in regional economic development due to administrative boundaries: Examining the mechanisms of the boundary effect","authors":"J. Jeong","doi":"10.1177/23998083231217013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217013","url":null,"abstract":"Although administrative boundaries are non-physical, they can cause regional inequalities through boundary effects that result in discontinuities between areas. The boundary effect refers to the disparities in policy, economic, and social aspects between areas caused by administrative boundaries, which can lead to regional differences. This study aims to identify the mechanisms that induce discontinuities in regional development due to administrative boundaries. The boundary effect mechanism assumed to include the spillover, fragmentation, and hierarchy effects were examined using six scenarios, each modeled using a spatial economic model. Through the comparison of various scenarios, we have demonstrated the potential validity of the three components comprising the assumed boundary effect. Furthermore, we have confirmed that the model incorporating all effects that we assumed in our research, namely spillover, fragmentation, and hierarchy effects, provides the best fit. We hypothesized and verified the mechanism of boundary effects that disrupt regional development, thereby enhancing the understanding of these effects.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"115 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/23998083231215825
Yue Lin
Small area estimation is critical for a wide range of applications, including urban planning, funding distribution, and policy formulation. Individual-level population data, which typically include each individual’s socio-demographic characteristics and small area location, are a rich source of information for small area estimation. However, individual-level population data are often not made public due to confidentiality concerns. This paper describes the development of a public-use synthetic individual-level population dataset in the United States that can be useful for small area estimation. This dataset contains characteristics of housing type, age, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino origin for all 308,745,538 individuals in the United States at the census block group level, based on publicly available aggregated data from the 2010 Census. Experimental results suggest the validity of the synthetic data by comparing it to different data sources, and we show examples of how this dataset can be used in small area estimation.
{"title":"Synthetic population data for small area estimation in the United States","authors":"Yue Lin","doi":"10.1177/23998083231215825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231215825","url":null,"abstract":"Small area estimation is critical for a wide range of applications, including urban planning, funding distribution, and policy formulation. Individual-level population data, which typically include each individual’s socio-demographic characteristics and small area location, are a rich source of information for small area estimation. However, individual-level population data are often not made public due to confidentiality concerns. This paper describes the development of a public-use synthetic individual-level population dataset in the United States that can be useful for small area estimation. This dataset contains characteristics of housing type, age, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino origin for all 308,745,538 individuals in the United States at the census block group level, based on publicly available aggregated data from the 2010 Census. Experimental results suggest the validity of the synthetic data by comparing it to different data sources, and we show examples of how this dataset can be used in small area estimation.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/23998083231217012
Zoltán Bereczki, G. Csomós, Jenő Zsold Farkas
Globally, dramatic changes in park visitation have accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, cities have experienced an overall increase in park visitation after strict lockdowns imposed in the pandemic’s first wave have been removed. However, previous research conducted in Hungary has demonstrated that park visitation varied across parks with different sizes and locations in the city. We hypothesized that the degree of the park’s integration into the urban fabric significantly affected changes in visitation. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a space syntax analysis. Findings show that community parks with an area of 10.01–50.00 hectares and a mean spatial integration of 83.37 experienced the highest increase in the number of visitors (based on mobile devices’ GNSS data). Surprisingly, large metropolitan parks providing highly complex ecosystem services lost many visitors during the pandemic, which might be due to their low spatial integration.
{"title":"Analyzing urban parks’ spatial integration in Budapest to understand changes in visitation patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Zoltán Bereczki, G. Csomós, Jenő Zsold Farkas","doi":"10.1177/23998083231217012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217012","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, dramatic changes in park visitation have accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, cities have experienced an overall increase in park visitation after strict lockdowns imposed in the pandemic’s first wave have been removed. However, previous research conducted in Hungary has demonstrated that park visitation varied across parks with different sizes and locations in the city. We hypothesized that the degree of the park’s integration into the urban fabric significantly affected changes in visitation. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a space syntax analysis. Findings show that community parks with an area of 10.01–50.00 hectares and a mean spatial integration of 83.37 experienced the highest increase in the number of visitors (based on mobile devices’ GNSS data). Surprisingly, large metropolitan parks providing highly complex ecosystem services lost many visitors during the pandemic, which might be due to their low spatial integration.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"35 4","pages":"286 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1177/23998083231215463
Will B. Payne, Evangeline McGlynn
When mapping relationships across multiple spatial scales, prevailing visualization techniques treat every mile of distance equally, which may not be appropriate for studying phenomena with long-tail distributions of distances from a common point of reference (e.g., retail customer locations, remittance flows, and migration data). While quantitative geography has long acknowledged that non-Cartesian spaces and distances are often more appropriate for analyzing and visualizing real-world data and complex spatial phenomena, commonly available GIS software solutions make working with non-linear distances extremely difficult. Our Relational Reprojection Platform (RRP) fills this gap with a simple stereographic projection engine centering any given data point to the rest of the set, and transforming great circle distances from this point to the other locations using a set of broadly applicable non-linear functions as options. This method of reprojecting data allows users to quickly and easily explore how non-linear distance transformations (including square root and logarithmic reprojections) reveal more complex spatial patterns within datasets than standard projections allow. Our initial release allows users to upload comma separated value (CSV) files with geographic coordinates and data columns and minimal cleaning and explore a variety of spatial transformations of their data. We hope this heuristic tool will enhance the exploratory stages of social research using spatial data.
{"title":"Relational Reprojection Platform: Non-linear distance transformations of spatial data in R","authors":"Will B. Payne, Evangeline McGlynn","doi":"10.1177/23998083231215463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231215463","url":null,"abstract":"When mapping relationships across multiple spatial scales, prevailing visualization techniques treat every mile of distance equally, which may not be appropriate for studying phenomena with long-tail distributions of distances from a common point of reference (e.g., retail customer locations, remittance flows, and migration data). While quantitative geography has long acknowledged that non-Cartesian spaces and distances are often more appropriate for analyzing and visualizing real-world data and complex spatial phenomena, commonly available GIS software solutions make working with non-linear distances extremely difficult. Our Relational Reprojection Platform (RRP) fills this gap with a simple stereographic projection engine centering any given data point to the rest of the set, and transforming great circle distances from this point to the other locations using a set of broadly applicable non-linear functions as options. This method of reprojecting data allows users to quickly and easily explore how non-linear distance transformations (including square root and logarithmic reprojections) reveal more complex spatial patterns within datasets than standard projections allow. Our initial release allows users to upload comma separated value (CSV) files with geographic coordinates and data columns and minimal cleaning and explore a variety of spatial transformations of their data. We hope this heuristic tool will enhance the exploratory stages of social research using spatial data.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"93 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/23998083231215462
Heather Anne Kaths
The pathways used by cyclists, pedestrians, and users of micromobility to cross intersections do not always align with those planned by traffic engineers. Observing actual usage patterns could lead to a better understanding of the tactical behavior of users of active and micromobility, allowing planners and engineers to create urban environments specifically for these road users. An open-source Python tool is introduced that uses clustering to automatically identify the forms of pathways used by road users. The tool was used to cluster trajectories from five intersections in Germany. The exemplar of each cluster is selected to represent the average shape of each pathway type. The open-source Python tool RoadUserPathways is introduced, the case studies are examined and use cases are presented.
{"title":"Crossing intersections: A tool for investigating road user pathways","authors":"Heather Anne Kaths","doi":"10.1177/23998083231215462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231215462","url":null,"abstract":"The pathways used by cyclists, pedestrians, and users of micromobility to cross intersections do not always align with those planned by traffic engineers. Observing actual usage patterns could lead to a better understanding of the tactical behavior of users of active and micromobility, allowing planners and engineers to create urban environments specifically for these road users. An open-source Python tool is introduced that uses clustering to automatically identify the forms of pathways used by road users. The tool was used to cluster trajectories from five intersections in Germany. The exemplar of each cluster is selected to represent the average shape of each pathway type. The open-source Python tool RoadUserPathways is introduced, the case studies are examined and use cases are presented.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"110 1","pages":"275 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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