Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1177/23998083241240195
Priyanka Verma, Grant McKenzie
In recent years we have witnessed explosive growth in the shared, free-floating, electric scooter industry. While still controversial in many North American cities, a number of large e-scooter operators have managed to carve out a piece of the urban transportation landscape. As these vehicles shift from novelty services to increasingly reliable modes of short personal travel, the discussion has turned to investigating who exactly benefits from these micromobility services and who are being left behind. Though population surveys have been administered to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of e-scooter riders in the past, little work has linked these characteristics through trips, or investigated the regional variation in these demographic factors. In this work we explore the variability and similarities in e-scooter rider characteristics across three major U.S. cities. To accomplish this, we apply a Moran’s Eigenvector Spatial Filtering linear regression model and compare our results to more commonly used spatial regression approaches. Our results indicate that the spatial filtering approach outperforms other methods in identifying socio-demographic characteristics of e-scooter users, across multiple regions. We find that many socio-demographics associated with e-scooter usage are regionally variant, despite younger users making up the core user base in all cities. There are variations in usage based on gender, income, and race across cities with Black and Hispanic populations remaining underserved. The implications of these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Regional comparison of socio-demographic variation in urban E-scooter usage","authors":"Priyanka Verma, Grant McKenzie","doi":"10.1177/23998083241240195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241240195","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years we have witnessed explosive growth in the shared, free-floating, electric scooter industry. While still controversial in many North American cities, a number of large e-scooter operators have managed to carve out a piece of the urban transportation landscape. As these vehicles shift from novelty services to increasingly reliable modes of short personal travel, the discussion has turned to investigating who exactly benefits from these micromobility services and who are being left behind. Though population surveys have been administered to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of e-scooter riders in the past, little work has linked these characteristics through trips, or investigated the regional variation in these demographic factors. In this work we explore the variability and similarities in e-scooter rider characteristics across three major U.S. cities. To accomplish this, we apply a Moran’s Eigenvector Spatial Filtering linear regression model and compare our results to more commonly used spatial regression approaches. Our results indicate that the spatial filtering approach outperforms other methods in identifying socio-demographic characteristics of e-scooter users, across multiple regions. We find that many socio-demographics associated with e-scooter usage are regionally variant, despite younger users making up the core user base in all cities. There are variations in usage based on gender, income, and race across cities with Black and Hispanic populations remaining underserved. The implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1177/23998083241241842
Jiacheng Chang, Guoqi Li, Wenjie Sun, Nannan He, Guopeng Du
Waybill data can reflect the transport process of express delivery in different cities, providing an important basis for revealing intercity logistics connectivity. However, current research neglects the critical function of routing information in waybill data, making it difficult to realistically represent intercity connectivity in the express delivery network. This study uses waybill big data with routing information to map the spatial distribution and network structures of intercity express delivery networks in China, and identifies three main types of network communities: interprovincial communities, regional hub communities, and corridor pattern communities, so that a more accurate and realistic representation of intercity connectivity can be presented.
{"title":"Geo-visualisation of the community structure of intercity express delivery network in China based on waybill big data","authors":"Jiacheng Chang, Guoqi Li, Wenjie Sun, Nannan He, Guopeng Du","doi":"10.1177/23998083241241842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241241842","url":null,"abstract":"Waybill data can reflect the transport process of express delivery in different cities, providing an important basis for revealing intercity logistics connectivity. However, current research neglects the critical function of routing information in waybill data, making it difficult to realistically represent intercity connectivity in the express delivery network. This study uses waybill big data with routing information to map the spatial distribution and network structures of intercity express delivery networks in China, and identifies three main types of network communities: interprovincial communities, regional hub communities, and corridor pattern communities, so that a more accurate and realistic representation of intercity connectivity can be presented.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/23998083241241570
Géza Tóth
Reviving the idea of the ancient Olympics, the modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896 after 1503 years. The first Winter Olympics were organized in 1924 by the French town of Chamonix. In 2024, the 30th Summer Olympics will be held. On the occasion of this, I created my map, on which I depicted the countries of the world in terms of their medals won at the Summer and Winter Olympics.
{"title":"Spatial pattern of Olympic medals","authors":"Géza Tóth","doi":"10.1177/23998083241241570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241241570","url":null,"abstract":"Reviving the idea of the ancient Olympics, the modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896 after 1503 years. The first Winter Olympics were organized in 1924 by the French town of Chamonix. In 2024, the 30th Summer Olympics will be held. On the occasion of this, I created my map, on which I depicted the countries of the world in terms of their medals won at the Summer and Winter Olympics.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1177/23998083241239383
Sara Lanini-Maggi, Martin Lanz, Christopher Hilton, Sara Irina Fabrikant
The colour blue often elicits feelings of calmness and contentment, for which evidence has largely been provided in daytime settings. It is unclear whether pathways illuminated in blue, for example, in urban recreational park areas at night confers the same positive impact on night time park visitors. To tackle this open empirical question, we investigated how adding blue self-luminous pavement to park lighting at night time affects park visitors’ emotions compared to conventional white street light illumination. Our goal is to inform design decisions aimed at enhancing the emotional well-being of people outdoors at night in urban environments. Participants’ emotional response was captured at four different time points while watching a video of a walk in a virtual urban park at night, which was lit with white street lights only or with the addition of blue luminescent pavement on the walked paths (between-subject design). To capture visitor’s emotions, we used a simplified version of the Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW) instrument and online facial expression recognition technology as subjective (self-reports) and objective (physiological) measures of emotion, respectively. The results of the GEW self-reports showed that the addition of a blue self-luminous pavement in a park during night time yielded more positive affect than standard white lighting in park visitors for the first half of the walk. In the second half of the walk through the park, participants’ affective states seemed to equalize between the two lighting conditions. In contrast, sensory data on facial expressions indicated no difference between participants’ emotional states over the whole walk in the two experimental conditions. Consistent with the positive emotional state perceived in the second half of the walk, the state of relaxation experienced after the walk also did not differ between the two lighting conditions. Furthermore, participants’ relaxation judgements after the park walk were more negative overall for females than the more neutral ratings of males. Our results highlight the importance of lighting colour at night for the design of future affect-smart cities that may consider individual and group characteristics with the ultimate intent of promoting public well-being.
{"title":"The positive effect of blue luminescent pathways on urban park visitor’s affective states: A virtual reality online study measuring facial expressions and self-reports","authors":"Sara Lanini-Maggi, Martin Lanz, Christopher Hilton, Sara Irina Fabrikant","doi":"10.1177/23998083241239383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241239383","url":null,"abstract":"The colour blue often elicits feelings of calmness and contentment, for which evidence has largely been provided in daytime settings. It is unclear whether pathways illuminated in blue, for example, in urban recreational park areas at night confers the same positive impact on night time park visitors. To tackle this open empirical question, we investigated how adding blue self-luminous pavement to park lighting at night time affects park visitors’ emotions compared to conventional white street light illumination. Our goal is to inform design decisions aimed at enhancing the emotional well-being of people outdoors at night in urban environments. Participants’ emotional response was captured at four different time points while watching a video of a walk in a virtual urban park at night, which was lit with white street lights only or with the addition of blue luminescent pavement on the walked paths (between-subject design). To capture visitor’s emotions, we used a simplified version of the Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW) instrument and online facial expression recognition technology as subjective (self-reports) and objective (physiological) measures of emotion, respectively. The results of the GEW self-reports showed that the addition of a blue self-luminous pavement in a park during night time yielded more positive affect than standard white lighting in park visitors for the first half of the walk. In the second half of the walk through the park, participants’ affective states seemed to equalize between the two lighting conditions. In contrast, sensory data on facial expressions indicated no difference between participants’ emotional states over the whole walk in the two experimental conditions. Consistent with the positive emotional state perceived in the second half of the walk, the state of relaxation experienced after the walk also did not differ between the two lighting conditions. Furthermore, participants’ relaxation judgements after the park walk were more negative overall for females than the more neutral ratings of males. Our results highlight the importance of lighting colour at night for the design of future affect-smart cities that may consider individual and group characteristics with the ultimate intent of promoting public well-being.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-09DOI: 10.1177/23998083241235978
Peter Schön, Eva Heinen, Vegar Rangul, Erik R Sund, Bendik Manum
Active travel to school (ATS) is promoted due to its benefits for health, mental well-being and the environment. Although the impact of the urban form on ATS has been extensively researched, findings have remained contradictory. Existing studies have mainly relied on aggregated, area-based measures, scarcely applying disaggregated, network-based measures of accessibility, street configurations, connectivity or urban density. This study addresses issues related to aggregation and the lack of ATS-specific network measures to evaluate the connectivity of routes to school. We examined the associations of route betweenness, reach and weighted reach with ATS, while adjusting for age, gender, traffic and proximity to school. Population data are disaggregated within a 50-m accuracy of address points. We introduce ‘route betweenness’, a new network-based measure for assessing the connectivity of entire shortest routes. We measured network accessibility around homes as reach (i.e., the number of streets reached through the network), and urban density as weighted reach (i.e., as the floor area or population accessible within walk-/cyclable distances). ATS was measured through self-reported walking or cycling to school (yes or no). The results show positive associations of route betweenness with ATS. The findings further indicate that, whilst higher connectivity and accessibility around home can increase ATS, the connectivity of the network along the way to school, as grasped by route betweenness, is even more important.
{"title":"The impact of street network connectivity on active school travel: Norway’s HUNT study","authors":"Peter Schön, Eva Heinen, Vegar Rangul, Erik R Sund, Bendik Manum","doi":"10.1177/23998083241235978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241235978","url":null,"abstract":"Active travel to school (ATS) is promoted due to its benefits for health, mental well-being and the environment. Although the impact of the urban form on ATS has been extensively researched, findings have remained contradictory. Existing studies have mainly relied on aggregated, area-based measures, scarcely applying disaggregated, network-based measures of accessibility, street configurations, connectivity or urban density. This study addresses issues related to aggregation and the lack of ATS-specific network measures to evaluate the connectivity of routes to school. We examined the associations of route betweenness, reach and weighted reach with ATS, while adjusting for age, gender, traffic and proximity to school. Population data are disaggregated within a 50-m accuracy of address points. We introduce ‘route betweenness’, a new network-based measure for assessing the connectivity of entire shortest routes. We measured network accessibility around homes as reach (i.e., the number of streets reached through the network), and urban density as weighted reach (i.e., as the floor area or population accessible within walk-/cyclable distances). ATS was measured through self-reported walking or cycling to school (yes or no). The results show positive associations of route betweenness with ATS. The findings further indicate that, whilst higher connectivity and accessibility around home can increase ATS, the connectivity of the network along the way to school, as grasped by route betweenness, is even more important.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1177/23998083241237308
Matteo Mazzamurro, Weisi Guo
A system of cities is morphologically polycentric when its cities are similarly sized and evenly spaced across its territory. In this paper, we adapt established spatial interaction models and entropy-based measures of heterogeneity of weighted networks to the problem of measuring morphological polycentricity. We study the evolution of the morphological polycentricity of the system of English and Welsh towns from 1851 to 1881, a period characterised by rapid urbanisation and expansion of railways. Our approach enables us to account for morphological aspects of the system that are often neglected by existing measures of morphological polycentricity, such as the evolution of transport infrastructure and its impact on travel distances. We show that the trend towards a greater concentration of the population in fewer urban centres in England and Wales was accompanied by a more diverse network of connections and potential intercity interactions.
{"title":"Network-entropy-based morphological polycentricity in 1851-1881 England and Wales","authors":"Matteo Mazzamurro, Weisi Guo","doi":"10.1177/23998083241237308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241237308","url":null,"abstract":"A system of cities is morphologically polycentric when its cities are similarly sized and evenly spaced across its territory. In this paper, we adapt established spatial interaction models and entropy-based measures of heterogeneity of weighted networks to the problem of measuring morphological polycentricity. We study the evolution of the morphological polycentricity of the system of English and Welsh towns from 1851 to 1881, a period characterised by rapid urbanisation and expansion of railways. Our approach enables us to account for morphological aspects of the system that are often neglected by existing measures of morphological polycentricity, such as the evolution of transport infrastructure and its impact on travel distances. We show that the trend towards a greater concentration of the population in fewer urban centres in England and Wales was accompanied by a more diverse network of connections and potential intercity interactions.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/23998083241237310
Anthony FJ van Raan
In this paper, we make an attempt to increase our understanding of the urban scaling phenomenon. The aim is to investigate how superlinear scaling emerges if a network increases in size and how this scaling depends on the occurrence of elements that constitute the network. To this end, we consider a city as a complex network structure and simulate this structure by the network of all publications of a research intensive university. In this simulation, the publications take the role of the city inhabitants and the concepts (terms and keywords) in the publications represent all kinds of abilities and qualities of the inhabitants. We use in this experiment all author- and database-given terms of the scientific publications of Leiden University from 2022. We calculate the co-occurrence of terms, and on the basis of these connections, we create a network and let this network grow by successively adding publications from the total set of publications. In this way, we get a series of networks with different sizes and this simulates a series of cities with different number of inhabitants. This procedure is performed for different values of the term occurrence threshold. We then analyze how four important network parameters, namely, number of terms, number of clusters, number of links, and total link strength increase with increasing size of the network. Particularly the number of network links and the total network linkage strength are in our opinion the parameters that dominate the scaling phenomenon and can be considered as a simulation of the socioeconomic strength of a city, that is, its gross urban product. We find a significant power law dependence of these network parameters on network size and the power law exponents for the lowest occurrence threshold are within the range that is typical for urban scaling. In our approach, the number of clusters can be interpreted as a measure of complexity within the network. Since the occurrence threshold determines the diversity of terms, we may expect a special relation between the occurrence threshold and the number of clusters. This is indeed the case: whereas for the three other network parameters the scaling exponent increases with increasing occurrence threshold, the number of clusters is the only network parameter of which the scaling exponent decreases with increasing occurrence threshold. Finally, we discuss how our publication term network approach relates to scaling phenomena in cities.
{"title":"Simulating urban scaling with a term linkages network of a university","authors":"Anthony FJ van Raan","doi":"10.1177/23998083241237310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241237310","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we make an attempt to increase our understanding of the urban scaling phenomenon. The aim is to investigate how superlinear scaling emerges if a network increases in size and how this scaling depends on the occurrence of elements that constitute the network. To this end, we consider a city as a complex network structure and simulate this structure by the network of all publications of a research intensive university. In this simulation, the publications take the role of the city inhabitants and the concepts (terms and keywords) in the publications represent all kinds of abilities and qualities of the inhabitants. We use in this experiment all author- and database-given terms of the scientific publications of Leiden University from 2022. We calculate the co-occurrence of terms, and on the basis of these connections, we create a network and let this network grow by successively adding publications from the total set of publications. In this way, we get a series of networks with different sizes and this simulates a series of cities with different number of inhabitants. This procedure is performed for different values of the term occurrence threshold. We then analyze how four important network parameters, namely, number of terms, number of clusters, number of links, and total link strength increase with increasing size of the network. Particularly the number of network links and the total network linkage strength are in our opinion the parameters that dominate the scaling phenomenon and can be considered as a simulation of the socioeconomic strength of a city, that is, its gross urban product. We find a significant power law dependence of these network parameters on network size and the power law exponents for the lowest occurrence threshold are within the range that is typical for urban scaling. In our approach, the number of clusters can be interpreted as a measure of complexity within the network. Since the occurrence threshold determines the diversity of terms, we may expect a special relation between the occurrence threshold and the number of clusters. This is indeed the case: whereas for the three other network parameters the scaling exponent increases with increasing occurrence threshold, the number of clusters is the only network parameter of which the scaling exponent decreases with increasing occurrence threshold. Finally, we discuss how our publication term network approach relates to scaling phenomena in cities.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/23998083241237013
Yao Shen, Lefeng Liu, Zihan Xu, Wentao Yan, Liyan Xu
China boasts a multitude of cities exhibiting distinctly spatial characteristics, leading to variations in resilience. While attention has been garnered in individual cities, comprehensive studies for the whole system are scarce. Visualising and comparing the variations of spatial resilience across cities prove valuable in understanding disparities among city systems in terms of their spatial development and resilience consequences. This research measures the evolving resilience of spatial networks in nearly all cities within mainland China under intentional attack scenarios. Chinese cities exhibit different compositions of evolutional efficiency and scale effects when attacks exacerbate. The regions detected by the dissimilar compositions of spatiotemporal resilience showcase the spatial heterogeneity of road network resilience. Road network resilience of individual cities is related to city size and urbanised levels, but uncertainty is still revealed. Forming such an individual and regional scope to scrutinise the in-depth structure of spatial resilience of many cities can aid in allocating relevant spatial policies and evaluating the structural resilience risk for given cities in subject to all others.
{"title":"Varying road network resilience of Chinese cities","authors":"Yao Shen, Lefeng Liu, Zihan Xu, Wentao Yan, Liyan Xu","doi":"10.1177/23998083241237013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241237013","url":null,"abstract":"China boasts a multitude of cities exhibiting distinctly spatial characteristics, leading to variations in resilience. While attention has been garnered in individual cities, comprehensive studies for the whole system are scarce. Visualising and comparing the variations of spatial resilience across cities prove valuable in understanding disparities among city systems in terms of their spatial development and resilience consequences. This research measures the evolving resilience of spatial networks in nearly all cities within mainland China under intentional attack scenarios. Chinese cities exhibit different compositions of evolutional efficiency and scale effects when attacks exacerbate. The regions detected by the dissimilar compositions of spatiotemporal resilience showcase the spatial heterogeneity of road network resilience. Road network resilience of individual cities is related to city size and urbanised levels, but uncertainty is still revealed. Forming such an individual and regional scope to scrutinise the in-depth structure of spatial resilience of many cities can aid in allocating relevant spatial policies and evaluating the structural resilience risk for given cities in subject to all others.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/23998083241235788
Umut Erdem
Zoning potential danger derived from earthquakes is crucial for the development of policies dealing with the future of the cities. Determination of the potential danger zones regarding earthquakes with the telecommunication infrastructure is crucial for the development of policies dealing with the future of the cities. By utilizing the cartogram mapping technique, this paper aims to display potential earthquake danger zones with the uneven distribution of the cell towers and cells on a population cartogram for Türkiye. This is crucial for the cities regarding the future potential communication crises after disasters. Policymakers should provide and develop well-functioning communication networks (GSM networks) for the organization of aid and search and rescue operations since the collapse of the communication infrastructure renders all post-disaster processes insoluble and dysfunctional.
{"title":"Uneven regional distribution earthquake danger zones and of cell towers and cells in Türkiye","authors":"Umut Erdem","doi":"10.1177/23998083241235788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241235788","url":null,"abstract":"Zoning potential danger derived from earthquakes is crucial for the development of policies dealing with the future of the cities. Determination of the potential danger zones regarding earthquakes with the telecommunication infrastructure is crucial for the development of policies dealing with the future of the cities. By utilizing the cartogram mapping technique, this paper aims to display potential earthquake danger zones with the uneven distribution of the cell towers and cells on a population cartogram for Türkiye. This is crucial for the cities regarding the future potential communication crises after disasters. Policymakers should provide and develop well-functioning communication networks (GSM networks) for the organization of aid and search and rescue operations since the collapse of the communication infrastructure renders all post-disaster processes insoluble and dysfunctional.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1177/23998083241235246
Ylenia Casali, Nazli Yonca Aydin, Tina Comes
Urban areas are dynamic systems, in which different infrastructural, social and economic subsystems continuously co-evolve. As such, disruptions in one system can propagate to another. However, open challenges remain in (i) assessing the long-term implications of change for resilience and (ii) understanding how resilience propagates throughout urban systems over time. Despite the increasing reliance on data in smart cities, few studies empirically investigate long-term urban co-evolution using data-driven methods, leading to a gap in urban resilience assessments. This paper presents an approach that combines Getis-ord Gi* statistical and correlation analyses to investigate how cities recover from crises and adapt by analysing how the spatial patterns of urban characteristics and their relationships changed over time. We illustrate our approach through a study on Helsinki’s road infrastructure, socioeconomic system and built-up area from 1991 to 2016, a period marked by a major socioeconomic crisis. By analysing this case study, we provide insights into the co-evolution over more than two decades, thereby addressing the lack of longitudinal studies on urban resilience.
{"title":"A data-driven approach to analyse the co-evolution of urban systems through a resilience lens: A Helsinki case study","authors":"Ylenia Casali, Nazli Yonca Aydin, Tina Comes","doi":"10.1177/23998083241235246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241235246","url":null,"abstract":"Urban areas are dynamic systems, in which different infrastructural, social and economic subsystems continuously co-evolve. As such, disruptions in one system can propagate to another. However, open challenges remain in (i) assessing the long-term implications of change for resilience and (ii) understanding how resilience propagates throughout urban systems over time. Despite the increasing reliance on data in smart cities, few studies empirically investigate long-term urban co-evolution using data-driven methods, leading to a gap in urban resilience assessments. This paper presents an approach that combines Getis-ord Gi* statistical and correlation analyses to investigate how cities recover from crises and adapt by analysing how the spatial patterns of urban characteristics and their relationships changed over time. We illustrate our approach through a study on Helsinki’s road infrastructure, socioeconomic system and built-up area from 1991 to 2016, a period marked by a major socioeconomic crisis. By analysing this case study, we provide insights into the co-evolution over more than two decades, thereby addressing the lack of longitudinal studies on urban resilience.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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