Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1177/23998083241261762
Richard Burke, Raja Sengupta, Alistair Ford
The use of land parcel data, 3D visualisation and urban theories offers a significant opportunity for advancing simulations of urban densification. This paper presents a 3D agent-based model (ABM) to explore future urban densification dynamics in Toronto based on stakeholder behaviour and interactions, the impact of zoning regulations, and profit expectations. The ABM establishes residents, developers, landowners, and the local zoning authority as primary actors involved in urban densification. This model replicates the Toronto urban development process through a structured framework of submodels which represent different stages of this process, based on the literature and gentrification theories. Three different scenarios are developed which show the city is projected to experience between 46 and 98 new developments by the year 2040. Average building height could increase by 17% to 56%, and the city could have 10,238 to 25,070 new units to meet future population demand. These simulations characterise Toronto’s future capacity for urban densification, realise the levels of densification required to meet Toronto’s growing population, and ultimately provide a more comprehensive understanding of the city’s future transformation.
{"title":"A 3D agent-based model for simulating urban densification in Toronto, Canada","authors":"Richard Burke, Raja Sengupta, Alistair Ford","doi":"10.1177/23998083241261762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241261762","url":null,"abstract":"The use of land parcel data, 3D visualisation and urban theories offers a significant opportunity for advancing simulations of urban densification. This paper presents a 3D agent-based model (ABM) to explore future urban densification dynamics in Toronto based on stakeholder behaviour and interactions, the impact of zoning regulations, and profit expectations. The ABM establishes residents, developers, landowners, and the local zoning authority as primary actors involved in urban densification. This model replicates the Toronto urban development process through a structured framework of submodels which represent different stages of this process, based on the literature and gentrification theories. Three different scenarios are developed which show the city is projected to experience between 46 and 98 new developments by the year 2040. Average building height could increase by 17% to 56%, and the city could have 10,238 to 25,070 new units to meet future population demand. These simulations characterise Toronto’s future capacity for urban densification, realise the levels of densification required to meet Toronto’s growing population, and ultimately provide a more comprehensive understanding of the city’s future transformation.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1177/23998083241263385
Yiming Tan, Zifeng Chen
Socio-spatial segregation of immigrants or other ethno-racial groups in Western cities has been extensively investigated. In the recent decades, China has also witnessed a substantial growth of international immigrants. In the city of Guangzhou, one of the most famous destinations in China for transnational migration, the spatial presence of international migrants has received scholarly attention, mostly focusing on single racial groups. In this study, we present two cartograms using cellphone data to visualize the spatial distributions of multiple groups of international migrants, namely, the African migrants, the European and North American migrants, and the Japanese and Korean migrants, in Guangzhou. The cartograms indicate that the spatial distributions of migrants from Africa and those from the European, North American, and East Asian countries are considerably divided in Guangzhou, suggesting a possible ethno-racial segregation among the international migrants in this Chinese city. Such an issue is largely under-researched in the existing literature.
{"title":"Division by countries of origin? Visualizing the spatial distributions of international migrants in Guangzhou, China","authors":"Yiming Tan, Zifeng Chen","doi":"10.1177/23998083241263385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241263385","url":null,"abstract":"Socio-spatial segregation of immigrants or other ethno-racial groups in Western cities has been extensively investigated. In the recent decades, China has also witnessed a substantial growth of international immigrants. In the city of Guangzhou, one of the most famous destinations in China for transnational migration, the spatial presence of international migrants has received scholarly attention, mostly focusing on single racial groups. In this study, we present two cartograms using cellphone data to visualize the spatial distributions of multiple groups of international migrants, namely, the African migrants, the European and North American migrants, and the Japanese and Korean migrants, in Guangzhou. The cartograms indicate that the spatial distributions of migrants from Africa and those from the European, North American, and East Asian countries are considerably divided in Guangzhou, suggesting a possible ethno-racial segregation among the international migrants in this Chinese city. Such an issue is largely under-researched in the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141520706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1177/23998083241262548
Víctor Cano-Ciborro, Ana Medina, Alejandro Burgueño, Mario González-Rodríguez, Daniel Díaz, María Rosa Zambrano
This study evaluates the spatial behavior of an intermodal transportation hub in Carapungo, one of the densest neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador. This public infrastructure is deficient and lacks adequate equipment for the people who use, occupy, and transit within and around it, as well as for the numerous activities that occur, particularly at Carapungo’s Entry Park. Traditional methods for analyzing urban dynamics and land use are typically rigid and fail to grasp the complex and nonlinear nature of public spaces, especially in informal Global South cities. However, recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, combined with aerial drone videos, have enabled the modeling and prediction of urban dynamics beyond state regulations and formal planning. In this context, we developed a model using Computer Vision Technology and the YOLOv5 algorithm, incorporating Deep Learning training. The objective is twofold: firstly, to detect people, their movement and speed; and secondly, to produce “Occupancy” and “Count & Speed” cartographies that highlight commuters’ spatial patterns. These situated cartographies provide valuable insights into urban design, mobility, and interaction within a conflicted public space’s-built environment. The generated data offer planners and policymakers quantitative spatial information to consider local practices and dynamics in urban planning, particularly in situations of informality and insufficient urban infrastructure.
{"title":"“MAPPING PUBLIC SPACE MICRO-OCCUPATIONS: Drone-Driven Predictions of Spatial Behaviors in Carapungo, Quito”","authors":"Víctor Cano-Ciborro, Ana Medina, Alejandro Burgueño, Mario González-Rodríguez, Daniel Díaz, María Rosa Zambrano","doi":"10.1177/23998083241262548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241262548","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the spatial behavior of an intermodal transportation hub in Carapungo, one of the densest neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador. This public infrastructure is deficient and lacks adequate equipment for the people who use, occupy, and transit within and around it, as well as for the numerous activities that occur, particularly at Carapungo’s Entry Park. Traditional methods for analyzing urban dynamics and land use are typically rigid and fail to grasp the complex and nonlinear nature of public spaces, especially in informal Global South cities. However, recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, combined with aerial drone videos, have enabled the modeling and prediction of urban dynamics beyond state regulations and formal planning. In this context, we developed a model using Computer Vision Technology and the YOLOv5 algorithm, incorporating Deep Learning training. The objective is twofold: firstly, to detect people, their movement and speed; and secondly, to produce “Occupancy” and “Count & Speed” cartographies that highlight commuters’ spatial patterns. These situated cartographies provide valuable insights into urban design, mobility, and interaction within a conflicted public space’s-built environment. The generated data offer planners and policymakers quantitative spatial information to consider local practices and dynamics in urban planning, particularly in situations of informality and insufficient urban infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban renewal in high-density cities presents a complex challenge when it comes to balancing social-environmental performance and economic benefits; improvements to the built environment and social wellbeing may be associated with substantial costs and economic loss, and particularly so where land resources are scarce and highly valued. The interplay that takes place between sustainable targets tends to be very complicated. This study proposes a decision-making support framework that can quantify the synergies and trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social targets pertaining to land use change and public open space (OS) provision in urban renewal processes. The proposed decision-making support framework operates at both neighbourhood and building levels, and is comprised of three analytical components: a redevelopment trend analysis module, a three-dimensional land use simulation module, and a sustainable performance evaluation module. One high-density and ageing district in Hong Kong, Yau Mong district, was selected as the case study area for this work. Six planning scenarios were built which reflect various priorities and principles including economic benefits, environmental benefits, the equal distribution of OS provision and enhancing the quality of OS. The findings suggest that there is a trade-off relationship between economic-environmental targets, a synergic relationship between social-environmental targets, and a mediational relationship between economic-social targets. Planning strategies such as rezoning, land use reconfigurations, plot ratio adjustment and the transfer of development rights could be triangulated as strategic approaches by which to maximising the synergies and achieve better sustainability. The study not only contributes to theory by introducing a prototype of a comprehensive decision-making framework to evaluate sustainability performance, but also provides important insights into reconciling the divergent sustainable targets inherent in urban renewal.
{"title":"Synergies and trade-offs in achieving sustainable targets of urban renewal: A decision-making support framework","authors":"Anqi Wang, Wei Zheng, Zheng Tan, Mingqing Han, Edwin HW Chan","doi":"10.1177/23998083241261750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241261750","url":null,"abstract":"Urban renewal in high-density cities presents a complex challenge when it comes to balancing social-environmental performance and economic benefits; improvements to the built environment and social wellbeing may be associated with substantial costs and economic loss, and particularly so where land resources are scarce and highly valued. The interplay that takes place between sustainable targets tends to be very complicated. This study proposes a decision-making support framework that can quantify the synergies and trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social targets pertaining to land use change and public open space (OS) provision in urban renewal processes. The proposed decision-making support framework operates at both neighbourhood and building levels, and is comprised of three analytical components: a redevelopment trend analysis module, a three-dimensional land use simulation module, and a sustainable performance evaluation module. One high-density and ageing district in Hong Kong, Yau Mong district, was selected as the case study area for this work. Six planning scenarios were built which reflect various priorities and principles including economic benefits, environmental benefits, the equal distribution of OS provision and enhancing the quality of OS. The findings suggest that there is a trade-off relationship between economic-environmental targets, a synergic relationship between social-environmental targets, and a mediational relationship between economic-social targets. Planning strategies such as rezoning, land use reconfigurations, plot ratio adjustment and the transfer of development rights could be triangulated as strategic approaches by which to maximising the synergies and achieve better sustainability. The study not only contributes to theory by introducing a prototype of a comprehensive decision-making framework to evaluate sustainability performance, but also provides important insights into reconciling the divergent sustainable targets inherent in urban renewal.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141520707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1177/23998083241255984
Prince M Amegbor, Rikke Dalgaard, Doan Nainggolan, Anne Jensen, Clive E Sabel, Toke E Panduro, Mira SR Jensen, Amanda E Dybdal, Marianne Puig
Living in urban areas is known to increase the risk of psychosocial disorders, including stress, depression, and anxiety. Existing studies suggest that experiential places, including places of interest or favourite places, can mitigate these negative effects on psychological and physical health often associated with urban living. This study aims to model the spatial patterns of the benefits derived from favourite locations in two cities in Denmark: an urban metropolitan area (the capital city) and a provincial commuter town. Additionally, it examines the influence of individual and household socioeconomic factors on the benefits derived from these favourite places. Employing an online Public Participatory Geographic Information System (PPGIS) approach, data on favourite locations, derived benefits, and socioeconomic characteristics of 1400 respondents were collected. Bayesian modelling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations under the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation framework (INLA-SPDE) was utilized to predict the spatial patterns of four types of benefits – restorative, physical activity, socializing, and cultural – associated with enjoying favourite places in the two municipalities. This geostatistical approach allows for the identification of specific locations within the cities with perceived benefits and areas lacking such benefits. The findings provide insights into potential inequalities in the spatial distribution of perceived benefits of favourite places in Copenhagen and Roskilde, thereby informing urban planning policies and programs aimed at addressing these disparities.
{"title":"Spatial modelling of psychosocial benefits of favourite places in Denmark: A tale of two cities","authors":"Prince M Amegbor, Rikke Dalgaard, Doan Nainggolan, Anne Jensen, Clive E Sabel, Toke E Panduro, Mira SR Jensen, Amanda E Dybdal, Marianne Puig","doi":"10.1177/23998083241255984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241255984","url":null,"abstract":"Living in urban areas is known to increase the risk of psychosocial disorders, including stress, depression, and anxiety. Existing studies suggest that experiential places, including places of interest or favourite places, can mitigate these negative effects on psychological and physical health often associated with urban living. This study aims to model the spatial patterns of the benefits derived from favourite locations in two cities in Denmark: an urban metropolitan area (the capital city) and a provincial commuter town. Additionally, it examines the influence of individual and household socioeconomic factors on the benefits derived from these favourite places. Employing an online Public Participatory Geographic Information System (PPGIS) approach, data on favourite locations, derived benefits, and socioeconomic characteristics of 1400 respondents were collected. Bayesian modelling with Stochastic Partial Differential Equations under the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation framework (INLA-SPDE) was utilized to predict the spatial patterns of four types of benefits – restorative, physical activity, socializing, and cultural – associated with enjoying favourite places in the two municipalities. This geostatistical approach allows for the identification of specific locations within the cities with perceived benefits and areas lacking such benefits. The findings provide insights into potential inequalities in the spatial distribution of perceived benefits of favourite places in Copenhagen and Roskilde, thereby informing urban planning policies and programs aimed at addressing these disparities.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1177/23998083241256246
Jiarui Qin, Ziyang Wang, Yehua Sheng, Li Xue, Xiaolan Cai, Ka Zhang
Urban vitality reflects the dynamism, openness, available resources, and linkages between different elements in a city. Many studies have focused on the relationship between urban vitality and the built environment, which can benefit urban planners. Based on multi-source data, this study incorporates the aspects of economy, society, culture, and innovation to comprehensively measure urban vitality. Recognizing the significant influence of the built environment on urban vitality, this paper takes Nanjing as the study area. It explores the relationship between urban vitality and the built environment using ordinary least squares and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models based on multi-source data. The results reveal multi-centered urban vitality within Nanjing’s central urban area, which gradually decreases outwards from the city center. Particularly, the southern region has a higher comprehensive vitality than the northern region. While differences in vitality between dimensions are evident, an overall consistent pattern emerges. The spatial distribution of influence varies across different spatial factor. The method provided in this study gives a new view of urban vitality measurement and evaluation.
{"title":"Relationship between the built environment and urban vitality of Nanjing’s central urban area based on multi-source data","authors":"Jiarui Qin, Ziyang Wang, Yehua Sheng, Li Xue, Xiaolan Cai, Ka Zhang","doi":"10.1177/23998083241256246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241256246","url":null,"abstract":"Urban vitality reflects the dynamism, openness, available resources, and linkages between different elements in a city. Many studies have focused on the relationship between urban vitality and the built environment, which can benefit urban planners. Based on multi-source data, this study incorporates the aspects of economy, society, culture, and innovation to comprehensively measure urban vitality. Recognizing the significant influence of the built environment on urban vitality, this paper takes Nanjing as the study area. It explores the relationship between urban vitality and the built environment using ordinary least squares and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models based on multi-source data. The results reveal multi-centered urban vitality within Nanjing’s central urban area, which gradually decreases outwards from the city center. Particularly, the southern region has a higher comprehensive vitality than the northern region. While differences in vitality between dimensions are evident, an overall consistent pattern emerges. The spatial distribution of influence varies across different spatial factor. The method provided in this study gives a new view of urban vitality measurement and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1177/23998083241258240
Weiyao Yang, Wanglin Yan, Lihua Chen, Haopeng Li
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is regarded as a planning concept for urban sustainable development that has been increasingly embraced worldwide in recent years. However, scholars rarely assess the sustainability of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) station areas over a period of time. This study, building upon the existing TOD assessment model based on node-place-ecology, introduces the concepts of “low-carbon cities” and a “timeline-based.” Focuses on whether the three dimensions of TOD station areas—node, place, and carbon—are dynamically balanced over time towards sustainable development. More specifically, this study starting from a micro-level perspective, takes the 70 stations on the Odakyu line as a clue, a railway that spans Tokyo and Kanagawa, aiming to develop a quantitative assessment model for sustainable TOD based on node-place-carbon, and to summarize the spatial dynamic changes of the 70 station areas in the Tokyo metropolitan area from 2011 to 2019 through the principles of sustainable development line (SDL) and K-means cluster analysis. The results indicate that after 8 years, the overall development of the station areas is moving towards sustainability, but there are still some station areas that deviate to some extent. And also, we observed that the trend of monopolization in the central station areas of the Tokyo metropolitan area is continuously strengthening. We believe that the sustainable assessment model developed in this study can provide constructive reference for the planning and design of cities, especially metropolitan areas, around the world.
以公交为导向的发展（TOD）被视为城市可持续发展的规划理念，近年来在世界范围内得到越来越多的认可。然而，学者们很少对公交导向开发（TOD）车站区域在一段时间内的可持续性进行评估。本研究在现有的基于节点-地点-生态的 TOD 评估模型基础上，引入了 "低碳城市 "和 "基于时间线 "的概念。重点关注 TOD 站点区的三个维度--节点、地点和碳--是否随着时间的推移朝着可持续发展的方向动态平衡。具体而言，本研究从微观视角出发，以横跨东京和神奈川的小田急线上的 70 个车站为线索，旨在建立一个基于节点-地点-碳的可持续 TOD 定量评估模型，并通过可持续发展线（SDL）原理和 K-means 聚类分析，总结出 2011 年至 2019 年东京都内 70 个车站区域的空间动态变化。结果表明，经过 8 年的发展，车站区域的整体发展正朝着可持续的方向发展，但仍有部分车站区域出现了一定程度的偏差。此外，我们还观察到，东京都中心车站区域的垄断趋势正在不断加强。我们相信，本研究开发的可持续评估模型可以为世界各地的城市，尤其是大都市区的规划和设计提供建设性的参考。
{"title":"From city center to suburbs: Developing a timeline-based TOD assessment model to explore the dynamic changes in station areas of Tokyo metropolitan area","authors":"Weiyao Yang, Wanglin Yan, Lihua Chen, Haopeng Li","doi":"10.1177/23998083241258240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241258240","url":null,"abstract":"Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is regarded as a planning concept for urban sustainable development that has been increasingly embraced worldwide in recent years. However, scholars rarely assess the sustainability of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) station areas over a period of time. This study, building upon the existing TOD assessment model based on node-place-ecology, introduces the concepts of “low-carbon cities” and a “timeline-based.” Focuses on whether the three dimensions of TOD station areas—node, place, and carbon—are dynamically balanced over time towards sustainable development. More specifically, this study starting from a micro-level perspective, takes the 70 stations on the Odakyu line as a clue, a railway that spans Tokyo and Kanagawa, aiming to develop a quantitative assessment model for sustainable TOD based on node-place-carbon, and to summarize the spatial dynamic changes of the 70 station areas in the Tokyo metropolitan area from 2011 to 2019 through the principles of sustainable development line (SDL) and K-means cluster analysis. The results indicate that after 8 years, the overall development of the station areas is moving towards sustainability, but there are still some station areas that deviate to some extent. And also, we observed that the trend of monopolization in the central station areas of the Tokyo metropolitan area is continuously strengthening. We believe that the sustainable assessment model developed in this study can provide constructive reference for the planning and design of cities, especially metropolitan areas, around the world.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/23998083241256402
Achituv Cohen, Sagi Dalyot, Asya Natapov, Trisalyn Nelson
Urban planning and design aim to encourage active mobility by promoting various models that assess a city’s transportability and accessibility. In practice, these models are not attuned to a huge part of the population that have mobility impairments, therefore they uphold a flawed city design and prevent these populations from being an equal part of the inclusive city vision. We suggest an approach to develop new visually impaired mobility accessibility indices of urban space using open-source geospatial data and showcase them across different wards and boroughs in Greater London. Results show the various urban accessibility levels for visually impaired pedestrians, pointing to existing problems this community faces when navigating the city, such as challenging street network connectivity and dangerous walking areas. These indices can be used for more inclusive city planning and design, enhancing urban mobility and walkability equality, and improving this community’s quality of life.
{"title":"How accessible are cities for visually impaired pedestrians? A case of Greater London","authors":"Achituv Cohen, Sagi Dalyot, Asya Natapov, Trisalyn Nelson","doi":"10.1177/23998083241256402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241256402","url":null,"abstract":"Urban planning and design aim to encourage active mobility by promoting various models that assess a city’s transportability and accessibility. In practice, these models are not attuned to a huge part of the population that have mobility impairments, therefore they uphold a flawed city design and prevent these populations from being an equal part of the inclusive city vision. We suggest an approach to develop new visually impaired mobility accessibility indices of urban space using open-source geospatial data and showcase them across different wards and boroughs in Greater London. Results show the various urban accessibility levels for visually impaired pedestrians, pointing to existing problems this community faces when navigating the city, such as challenging street network connectivity and dangerous walking areas. These indices can be used for more inclusive city planning and design, enhancing urban mobility and walkability equality, and improving this community’s quality of life.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1177/23998083241253108
Weicong Luo, Jing Yao, Richard Mitchell, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Wenqiang Li
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) play an essential role in saving lives and improving health outcomes by offering immediate medical care to individuals who experience sudden illnesses or injuries. A complete EMS journey consists of two related trips: one from an EMS station to a scene (Trip 1), and the other from a scene to a definitive care location (Trip 2), where the service is coordinately provided by two types of facilities: EMS stations/ambulances and emergency centers (e.g., trauma centers or stroke centers) that are often affiliated with general hospitals. Current work on EMS location optimization considers only one trip (Trip 1 or Trip 2) which ignores the coordination between EMS stations and emergency centers, or the overall trip alone that overlooks the response time requirement. This paper proposed a spatial optimization model, the maximal coverage location problem based on joint coverage (MCLP-JC), for siting EMS stations and emergency centers simultaneously with a consideration of the two related trips. An empirical study of stroke center planning in Wuhan, China, is implemented to compare the proposed approach with the maximal coverage location problem based on overall coverage (MCLP-OC). The results demonstrate that the MCLP-JC can ensure more people being able to receive the first care from an ambulance within the response time requirement, which is critical to subsequent treatment at emergency centers and the odds of survival. The findings from the two scenarios regarding service relocation and expansion offer insights for future health facility planning.
{"title":"Location optimization of emergency medical services: Considering joint service coverage of ambulances and emergency centers","authors":"Weicong Luo, Jing Yao, Richard Mitchell, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Wenqiang Li","doi":"10.1177/23998083241253108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241253108","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency Medical Services (EMS) play an essential role in saving lives and improving health outcomes by offering immediate medical care to individuals who experience sudden illnesses or injuries. A complete EMS journey consists of two related trips: one from an EMS station to a scene (Trip 1), and the other from a scene to a definitive care location (Trip 2), where the service is coordinately provided by two types of facilities: EMS stations/ambulances and emergency centers (e.g., trauma centers or stroke centers) that are often affiliated with general hospitals. Current work on EMS location optimization considers only one trip (Trip 1 or Trip 2) which ignores the coordination between EMS stations and emergency centers, or the overall trip alone that overlooks the response time requirement. This paper proposed a spatial optimization model, the maximal coverage location problem based on joint coverage (MCLP-JC), for siting EMS stations and emergency centers simultaneously with a consideration of the two related trips. An empirical study of stroke center planning in Wuhan, China, is implemented to compare the proposed approach with the maximal coverage location problem based on overall coverage (MCLP-OC). The results demonstrate that the MCLP-JC can ensure more people being able to receive the first care from an ambulance within the response time requirement, which is critical to subsequent treatment at emergency centers and the odds of survival. The findings from the two scenarios regarding service relocation and expansion offer insights for future health facility planning.","PeriodicalId":11863,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1177/23998083241250264
Teemu Jama, Henrikki Tenkanen, Henrik Lönnqvist, Anssi Joutsiniemi
Many scholars and planners emphasise the role of compact cities in sustainable urban development. Compact urban form is seen as a way to encourage people, for example, to drive less and walk more, which reduces transport-related GHG emissions. This argument, however, is strongly dependent on local amenity development that can support such local living. In plan-making, a common practice is to try to ensure the realisation of services with a high Gross Floor Area (GFA) residential infill development to raise the local population density. In this paper we are seeking quantitative insight on the resolution under which urban density, as measured by GFA volume, correlates with the growth of urban amenities and liveability. Specifically, we are seeking the direction in which correlation changes when moving from a larger geographical scale (low resolution) towards a smaller scale (high resolution) of walkable reach. Our study shows a clear correlation between urban amenities and planned GFA at low-resolution scales, but that correlation decreases at higher-resolution scales (walkable neighbourhood level), indicating that urban amenities tend to cluster in different locations than density is planned. Based on these findings, we argue that, if the aim of urban planning is to foster the growth of local amenities, it should shift its focus towards larger patterns of urban development rather than emphasising GFA in detailed plan-making.
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