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Smart City, Net Neutrality, and Antitrust: findings from Korea 智慧城市、网络中立和反垄断:来自韩国的调查结果
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396990
Sahng-Yoon Kim, S. Jeon, Hun-Yeong Kwon
The smart city is the culmination of the most advanced ICT technology applicable to our daily lives but it is easy to overlook the core infrastructure that make such city possible: the Internet. And without a doubt, the 5G Internet network will serve as the backbone infrastructure that ties in all the technologies that go into the smart city. Given the important role that this network will play within the smart city infrastructure, the network neutrality debate warrants a deep look as it may ultimately affect how the smart city will distribute the cost of staying connected to the Internet. Today, much if not most of the traffic on the Internet is taken up by the Over-the Top (OTT) service providers such as Google, Youtube and such phenomenon has caused much controversy and debate over whether or not the principle of network neutrality should still be enforced on the Internet over run by a few services. But looking at a recent court ruling in the case of ‘Facebook v Korea Communication Commission’(2019), where the various ISPs in Korea replaced their non-settlement of interconnection fee with the Sending-Party-Network-Pays (SPNP) policy, it is clear that instead of the intended effect of fair pricing model for the OTT service providers, the loss of net neutrality caused undesirable side effects. This paper proposes to discuss the relationship between interconnection fee and net neutrality as well as antitrust policies against OTT service providers. While this debate is still on-going, the authors of this paper would like to emphasize the importance of net neutrality as ex ante regulation and antitrust laws as ex post regulation to minimize the undesirable side effects but still allow the free flow of data at the same time.
智慧城市是适用于我们日常生活的最先进的信息通信技术的顶峰,但很容易忽视使这种城市成为可能的核心基础设施:互联网。毫无疑问,5G互联网将成为连接智慧城市所有技术的骨干基础设施。鉴于该网络将在智慧城市基础设施中发挥的重要作用,网络中立性辩论值得深入研究,因为它可能最终影响智慧城市如何分配与互联网保持连接的成本。今天,互联网上的大部分流量都被谷歌,Youtube等OTT (over -the - Top)服务提供商所占据,这种现象引起了很多争议和争论,即是否应该在互联网上执行网络中立原则,而不是由少数服务运行。但看看最近法院对“Facebook诉韩国通信委员会”(2019)一案的裁决,韩国的各种互联网服务提供商用发送方网络付费(SPNP)政策取代了他们的不结算互连费,很明显,对OTT服务提供商来说,公平定价模式的预期效果并没有达到,网络中立性的丧失造成了不良的副作用。本文建议讨论互连费与网络中立性之间的关系以及针对OTT服务提供商的反垄断政策。虽然这场辩论仍在进行中,但本文的作者想强调网络中立性作为事前监管和反垄断法作为事后监管的重要性,以尽量减少不良副作用,同时仍然允许数据自由流动。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploration of Factors Influencing Taiwan Government Agencies’ Open Data Participation: A Multi-Group Analysis Perspective 台湾政府机关开放资料参与之影响因素:多群体分析视角
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396966
Tung-Mou Yang, Meng-Chia Wu
Open data is a complex process and its ecosystem includes various stakeholders. Particularly, government agencies acting as data providers play an important role to enable the availability of dataset in open data initiatives. Nevertheless, there have been factors influencing government agencies’ intention to implement open data. In order to explore the related phenomenon further, this research extends a conceptual model adopted from the open data literature by adding new factors, including leadership, legislation and policy, and perceived value of open data. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is utilized to analyze the conceptual model. In addition, this research uses multi-group analysis (MGA) to explore whether government agencies having different years of open data experience may perceive the influential factors differently. The quantitative results of this research is expected to provide insights to practitioners and enrich the current open data literature.
开放数据是一个复杂的过程,其生态系统包括各种利益相关者。特别是,作为数据提供者的政府机构在开放数据倡议中发挥着重要作用,以实现数据集的可用性。然而,影响政府机构实施开放数据意愿的因素仍然存在。为了进一步探讨相关现象,本研究扩展了开放数据文献中采用的概念模型,增加了新的因素,包括领导、立法和政策以及开放数据的感知价值。利用偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对概念模型进行分析。此外,本研究采用多群体分析(MGA)来探讨具有不同开放数据经验的政府机构是否会对影响因素产生不同的感知。本研究的定量结果有望为从业者提供见解,并丰富当前的开放数据文献。
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引用次数: 2
Bot detection in twitter landscape using unsupervised learning 使用无监督学习的twitter景观Bot检测
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3401801
A. Anwar, Ussama Yaqub
The aim of this paper is to identify and understand bot activity in twitter discussion. The prevalence of Twitter bots have gained significant limelight recently due to their misuse in influencing public sentiment for political gains. For our analysis, we use Twitter data of 2019 Canadian Elections. We perform principal component analysis and K-means clustering on the data set. Using the results we isolate bots from human accounts.
本文的目的是识别和理解twitter讨论中的bot活动。最近,推特机器人的盛行引起了人们的极大关注,因为它们被滥用于影响公众情绪以获得政治利益。为了进行分析,我们使用了2019年加拿大选举的推特数据。我们对数据集进行主成分分析和K-means聚类。利用这些结果,我们将机器人与人类账户隔离开来。
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引用次数: 13
Public Decision Making: Connecting Artificial Intelligence and Crowds 公共决策:连接人工智能和人群
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396965
Helen K. Liu, Muh-Chyun Tang, Kuang-hua Chen
The recent breakthrough of artificial intelligence, as well as the wide adoption of the wisdom of the crowd, also known as collective intelligence, across sectors, has received attention and excitement across disciplines. In addition to the scientific breakthrough, recent public sector studies recognize AI's potential contributions in public services, such as big data for decision making, the development of smart cities, and social and health care. Studies have also recognized crowdsourcing's potential for service provisions, innovation, information generation, and policymaking. However, we have only a limited understanding of the connections between these two types of intelligence and adoption conditions to properly utilize them for the public sector. To understand what roles AI and crowds can play in enhancing public services and policymaking, we adopt a bibliometric analysis to identify emerging themes and interconnections between these two streams of literature. Our study provides key themes and significance for each cluster. Our first examination of AI and crowd literature regarding connection to public values, complementary in public decision making, as well as future potential for joint adoption by governments provides some implications for future considerations.
最近人工智能的突破,以及大众智慧(又称集体智慧)跨领域的广泛采用,引起了跨学科的关注和兴奋。除了科学突破之外,最近的公共部门研究还认识到人工智能在公共服务方面的潜在贡献,例如用于决策的大数据、智慧城市的发展以及社会和医疗保健。研究还认识到众包在服务提供、创新、信息生成和政策制定方面的潜力。然而,我们对这两种智能之间的联系和采用条件的了解有限,无法为公共部门适当地利用它们。为了了解人工智能和群体在加强公共服务和政策制定方面可以发挥什么作用,我们采用文献计量分析来确定新兴主题以及这两种文学流之间的相互联系。我们的研究为每个集群提供了关键主题和意义。我们对人工智能和人群文献的第一次研究,涉及到与公共价值观的联系、公共决策中的互补性,以及政府联合采用的未来潜力,为未来的考虑提供了一些启示。
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引用次数: 4
Analyzing social media institutionalization in public administration. The role of inhibitors in local governments 分析公共管理中的社交媒体制度化。抑制者在地方政府中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396984
Julián Villodre, J. I. Criado
Institutionalization of social media technologies in governments and public administrations is taking place world-wide. This process implies that after an initial phase of experimentation, social media is gradually formalized within the organizational structures as a response to the disruptive nature of these digital platforms. In this paper we focus on exploring what factors operate as inhibitors of the institutionalization process of social media in public administrations. For this purpose, we have conducted a questionnaire on social media aimed at Spanish local governments with more than 50.000 inhabitants. Based on this data, and following the literature on social media institutionalization, we define what we have named Social Media Institutionalization Index (SMI). Our SMI is based on a set of resumed indicators measuring the level of institutionalization of social media in public sector organizations. Descriptive analysis shows that Spanish local governments are halfway through social media institutionalization. Moreover, aspects including security, lack of resources for maintenance, control and evaluation, and organizational culture, are perceived by public employees in charge of social media as institutionalization inhibitors. Linear regression results partially corroborate some of these perceptions, highlighting organizational culture as a fundamental barrier. At the same time, our analysis emphasizes that some inhibitors could be overvalued by public employees.
社会媒体技术在政府和公共行政部门的制度化正在世界范围内进行。这一过程意味着,在最初的实验阶段之后,作为对这些数字平台破坏性的回应,社交媒体在组织结构中逐渐正规化。在本文中,我们重点探讨了哪些因素是公共行政中社交媒体制度化进程的抑制剂。为此,我们在社交媒体上对拥有5万多居民的西班牙地方政府进行了问卷调查。基于这些数据,并遵循社会媒体制度化的文献,我们定义了社会媒体制度化指数(SMI)。我们的SMI是基于一套衡量公共部门组织中社交媒体制度化水平的恢复指标。描述性分析表明,西班牙地方政府在社交媒体制度化方面已经走到了一半。此外,安全、缺乏维护、控制和评估资源以及组织文化等方面被负责社交媒体的公职人员视为制度化的阻碍因素。线性回归结果部分证实了这些看法,强调组织文化是一个基本障碍。同时,我们的分析强调,一些抑制因素可能被公职人员高估了。
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引用次数: 4
Electronic Petitioning as Online Collective Action: Exploring the Systematic and Strategic E-petitioning Behavior of an Extremist Group in We the People 作为网络集体行动的电子上访:《我们人民》中某极端组织的系统性、战略性电子上访行为探析
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3398258
Catherine L. Dumas
This study aims to reveal patterns of e-petition co-signing behavior that are indicative of the mobilization of online “communities” engaging in collective action to express policy preferences on We the People (WtP), the first web-enabled US government petitioning system initiated by Obama. This Internet-based tool allowed users to petition the Obama Administration1 and solicit support for policy suggestions. Using petition data from WtP, this case study examines a set of 125 petitions that were created by individuals that are associated with a white supremacist group called The White Genocide Project2 . Using data mining techniques, namely market basket analysis and social network analysis, I found evidence of the mobilization of “communities” of individuals who systematically and strategically used the WtP platform to broadcast their message by creating and co-signing petitions every month for almost four years.
本研究旨在揭示电子请愿共同签名行为的模式,这些行为表明了在线“社区”参与集体行动,以表达我们人民(WtP)的政策偏好,这是奥巴马发起的第一个基于网络的美国政府请愿系统。这个基于互联网的工具允许用户向奥巴马政府请愿,并征求对政策建议的支持。使用WtP的请愿数据,本案例研究检查了一组125份请愿书,这些请愿书是由与白人至上主义组织“白人种族灭绝项目”(The white Genocide project)有关的个人创建的。使用数据挖掘技术,即市场购物篮分析和社会网络分析,我发现了个人“社区”动员的证据,这些人系统地、战略性地使用WtP平台,通过创建和共同签署请愿书来传播他们的信息,持续了近四年。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing Brexit’s impact using sentiment analysis and topic modeling on Twitter discussion 使用Twitter讨论的情绪分析和主题建模来分析英国脱欧的影响
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396973
Sardar Haider Waseem Ilyas, Z. Soomro, A. Anwar, Hamza Shahzad, Ussama Yaqub
In this paper we evaluate public sentiment and opinion on Brexit during September and October 2019 by collecting over 16 million user messages from Twitter - world’s largest online micro-blogging service. We perform sentiment analysis using the Python VADER library, and topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation function of the gensim library. Through sentiment analysis, we quantify daily public sentiment towards Brexit and use it to evaluate Brexit’s impact on the British currency exchange rate and stock markets in Britain. With the aid of topic modeling, we discover the most popular daily topics of discussion on Twitter using the keyword ”Brexit”. Some of our findings include the discovery of positive correlation between Twitter sentiment towards Brexit and British pound sterling exchange rate. We also found daily discussion topics on Twitter, identified through unsupervised machine learning to be a good proxy of important current events related with Brexit.
在本文中,我们通过收集来自世界上最大的在线微博服务Twitter的1600多万条用户信息,评估了2019年9月至10月期间公众对英国脱欧的情绪和意见。我们使用Python VADER库进行情感分析,使用gensim库的Latent Dirichlet Allocation函数进行主题建模。通过情绪分析,我们量化了公众对英国脱欧的日常情绪,并用它来评估英国脱欧对英国货币汇率和股票市场的影响。在主题建模的帮助下,我们使用关键词“Brexit”发现Twitter上最受欢迎的日常讨论话题。我们的一些发现包括推特上对英国退欧的情绪与英镑汇率之间的正相关关系。我们还在Twitter上发现了每日讨论话题,这些话题通过无监督机器学习识别出来,很好地代表了与英国脱欧相关的重要时事。
{"title":"Analyzing Brexit’s impact using sentiment analysis and topic modeling on Twitter discussion","authors":"Sardar Haider Waseem Ilyas, Z. Soomro, A. Anwar, Hamza Shahzad, Ussama Yaqub","doi":"10.1145/3396956.3396973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3396956.3396973","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we evaluate public sentiment and opinion on Brexit during September and October 2019 by collecting over 16 million user messages from Twitter - world’s largest online micro-blogging service. We perform sentiment analysis using the Python VADER library, and topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation function of the gensim library. Through sentiment analysis, we quantify daily public sentiment towards Brexit and use it to evaluate Brexit’s impact on the British currency exchange rate and stock markets in Britain. With the aid of topic modeling, we discover the most popular daily topics of discussion on Twitter using the keyword ”Brexit”. Some of our findings include the discovery of positive correlation between Twitter sentiment towards Brexit and British pound sterling exchange rate. We also found daily discussion topics on Twitter, identified through unsupervised machine learning to be a good proxy of important current events related with Brexit.","PeriodicalId":118651,"journal":{"name":"The 21st Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126382548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Towards a Holistic Evaluation of Citizen Participation in Smart Cities 智慧城市中公民参与的整体评估
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396985
Anthony Simonofski, Stefanie Van Den Storme, Hanne Meers
More and more cities aim to solve their urban challenges by implementing various smart city initiatives. Involving citizens in the design of these projects has proven to be an essential precondition for a successful outcome. Therefore, citizen participation in the context of smart cities has gained a considerable attention by researchers and practitioners. However, participation can be instrumental to solely gain a smart label and must thus be carefully evaluated. Several evaluation frameworks, largely based on the seminal work of Arnstein's Ladder in 1969, have been developed over the years but can be oversimplified, too strict or not fit for a smart city context. Following design science research, this paper develops a holistic framework to evaluate participation in smart cities by bundling several established evaluation scales from the scientific literature. By means of this framework, it is possible to evaluate to what extent smart city initiatives are citizen-oriented. Then, the framework is applied to the cities of Dublin and London. In order to collect more detailed information, we applied it to the case of Knokke-Heist (Belgium). Based on the evaluation of this city, some recommendations for improvement of its smart city strategy are proposed.
越来越多的城市希望通过实施各种智慧城市举措来解决城市面临的挑战。事实证明,让公民参与这些项目的设计是取得成功的必要先决条件。因此,智慧城市背景下的公民参与受到了研究者和实践者的广泛关注。然而,参与可以帮助获得智能标签,因此必须仔细评估。几个评估框架,主要基于1969年Arnstein's Ladder的开创性工作,已经发展了多年,但可能过于简化,过于严格或不适合智慧城市背景。根据设计科学研究,本文通过结合科学文献中的几个已建立的评估量表,开发了一个整体框架来评估智慧城市的参与情况。通过这个框架,可以评估智慧城市倡议在多大程度上以公民为导向。然后,将该框架应用于都柏林和伦敦。为了收集更详细的信息,我们将其应用到Knokke-Heist(比利时)的案例中。在对该城市进行评价的基础上,提出了完善该城市智慧城市战略的建议。
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引用次数: 3
Understanding Smart City Projects and Priorities across Large, Medium and Small Cities in the United States 了解美国大、中、小城市的智慧城市项目和优先事项
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3397867
Brian M. Poltie, E. Udoh, L. Luna-Reyes
Building smart city systems has become a popular strategy for urban planners and developers. Applying the perspectives of social informatics to a dataset comprising 12 cities in the USA, this paper explores the adoption of smart city initiatives in small, medium and large cities. Complementing previous studies, the analysis builds on a comprehensive conceptualization of the smart city concept that includes the dimensions of government, physical environment and society. Our findings suggest that all cities in the sample experience significant pressures from population growth, and that smaller cities have less complex approaches to smart city adoption. In addition, medium cities appear to emphasize more on the social dimension of smart cities.
建设智慧城市系统已成为城市规划者和开发商的热门策略。本文将社会信息学的观点应用于包含美国12个城市的数据集,探讨了在小、中、大城市中采用智慧城市计划的情况。作为对以往研究的补充,该分析建立在对智慧城市概念的全面概念化的基础上,包括政府、自然环境和社会的维度。我们的研究结果表明,样本中的所有城市都经历了来自人口增长的巨大压力,而较小的城市采用智慧城市的方法不那么复杂。此外,中等城市似乎更强调智慧城市的社会维度。
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引用次数: 0
Networked Governance: Enabling Multistakeholder Cooperation 网络化治理:实现多利益相关方合作
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1145/3396956.3396982
G. Weyenbergh, A. Paulin
The interactive “hands-on” workshop session on Networked Governance addressed a real-life use case from TRIPLE, a European funded project in the field of Digital Humanities. “The TRIPLE project aims to facilitate more efficient and effective Social Sciences and Humanities research for societies at large by involving civil society, public institutions and companies into scientific projects, thus strengthening the links between different types of stakeholders” [1]. Workshop participants discussed the need for multistakeholder cooperation and networked governance in the age of global interdependence. The output of the discussion aimed to ground the purpose and core principles of the multistakeholder "Trust Building System" developed within the TRIPLE platform.
关于网络治理的交互式“动手”研讨会讨论了一个来自TRIPLE的现实用例,TRIPLE是欧洲资助的数字人文学科领域的一个项目。“TRIPLE项目旨在通过让公民社会、公共机构和公司参与科学项目,从而加强不同类型利益相关者之间的联系,为整个社会促进更高效和有效的社会科学和人文科学研究”[1]。讲习班与会者讨论了在全球相互依存时代开展多利益攸关方合作和网络化治理的必要性。讨论的结果旨在为在TRIPLE平台内开发的多利益相关者“信任建设系统”的目的和核心原则奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The 21st Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research
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