Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1134/s106422932460074x
N. V. Goncharov, T. V. Prokof’eva, D. I. Potapov, G. N. Fedotov
Abstract—
In urban conditions, the soil is exposed to a number of adverse factors that have a great impact on its hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The water-repellent properties of urban dust and soils were determined with the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test. Hydrophobization of Albic Retisols in the conditions of a megalopolis was modeled, and its rate was estimated. Three dust samples with different values of the WDPT test from 420 to 850 seconds were studied. According to the results of the model experiment, with an increase of solid atmospheric fallout in the Retisols, the level of their hydrophobicity also increases. The rate of the increase depends on the water-repellent properties of the dust. During pollution with the most hydrophobic dust, the maximum hydrophobization of the humus-accumulative soil horizon is achieved upon a 70-year-long impact. For other dust samples, an increase in the time of absorption of a drop was observed up to the maximum period of aerial soil contamination within the model experiment (200 years). Values of the WDPT test for the studied soil horizons ranged from 2.4 s to 1493.5 s for background soil and urban soil forming near a major highway for 90 years, respectively. In the soil of forty-year-old residential area, the value was 237.1 s. The correspondence of the levels of hydrophobicity, the degree of anthropogenic load and the residence time in the urban environment in the model experiment and in the samples of real urban soils indicates that solid atmospheric fallouts are a component of humus-accumulative horizons of urban soils and have a significant impact on their water-repellent properties.
{"title":"Atmospheric Solid Fallouts as a Source of Hydrophobicity of Urban Soils and Material for Their Formation","authors":"N. V. Goncharov, T. V. Prokof’eva, D. I. Potapov, G. N. Fedotov","doi":"10.1134/s106422932460074x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422932460074x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>In urban conditions, the soil is exposed to a number of adverse factors that have a great impact on its hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. The water-repellent properties of urban dust and soils were determined with the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test. Hydrophobization of Albic Retisols in the conditions of a megalopolis was modeled, and its rate was estimated. Three dust samples with different values of the WDPT test from 420 to 850 seconds were studied. According to the results of the model experiment, with an increase of solid atmospheric fallout in the Retisols, the level of their hydrophobicity also increases. The rate of the increase depends on the water-repellent properties of the dust. During pollution with the most hydrophobic dust, the maximum hydrophobization of the humus-accumulative soil horizon is achieved upon a 70-year-long impact. For other dust samples, an increase in the time of absorption of a drop was observed up to the maximum period of aerial soil contamination within the model experiment (200 years). Values of the WDPT test for the studied soil horizons ranged from 2.4 s to 1493.5 s for background soil and urban soil forming near a major highway for 90 years, respectively. In the soil of forty-year-old residential area, the value was 237.1 s. The correspondence of the levels of hydrophobicity, the degree of anthropogenic load and the residence time in the urban environment in the model experiment and in the samples of real urban soils indicates that solid atmospheric fallouts are a component of humus-accumulative horizons of urban soils and have a significant impact on their water-repellent properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600817
I. E. Bagdasarov, M. V. Konyushkova, Yu. A. Kryukova, D. V. Ladonin, M. A. Tseits, P. V. Krasilnikov
Abstract
Sea coastal soils are functioning on the contact of terrigenous runoff and the seawater impact, which provides a unique geochemical environment. Migration and accumulation of elements can be partially promoted by the formation and oxidation of iron sulfides. We studied the content and spatial distribution of Fe, Mn and trace elements in the marsh soils of the Pomor coast of the White Sea. The work was carried out near the village of Kolezhma, Belomorsk district, Republic of Karelia. The study revealed the elevated concentrations of trace elements in these soils, such as As and Se, which are usually associated with metal sulfides in marine sediments. A high content of Fe and Mn was registered, i.e., up to 27 300 and 1500 ppm, respectively, which is typical for taiga landscapes. At the same time, the geochemical fate of Fe and Mn is different in coastal soils, probably partly due to the participation of Fe in mineral transitions from sulfides to sulfates. Such microelements as Ni and Cr are present in the soils in concentrations comparable to the background concentrations in the regional zonal soils. Only As and Se may be potentially toxic, if tombolo is used as a hayfield.
{"title":"Trace Elements in Marsh Soils of the Pomor Coast of the White Sea","authors":"I. E. Bagdasarov, M. V. Konyushkova, Yu. A. Kryukova, D. V. Ladonin, M. A. Tseits, P. V. Krasilnikov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600817","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Sea coastal soils are functioning on the contact of terrigenous runoff and the seawater impact, which provides a unique geochemical environment. Migration and accumulation of elements can be partially promoted by the formation and oxidation of iron sulfides. We studied the content and spatial distribution of Fe, Mn and trace elements in the marsh soils of the Pomor coast of the White Sea. The work was carried out near the village of Kolezhma, Belomorsk district, Republic of Karelia. The study revealed the elevated concentrations of trace elements in these soils, such as As and Se, which are usually associated with metal sulfides in marine sediments. A high content of Fe and Mn was registered, i.e., up to 27 300 and 1500 ppm, respectively, which is typical for taiga landscapes. At the same time, the geochemical fate of Fe and Mn is different in coastal soils, probably partly due to the participation of Fe in mineral transitions from sulfides to sulfates. Such microelements as Ni and Cr are present in the soils in concentrations comparable to the background concentrations in the regional zonal soils. Only As and Se may be potentially toxic, if tombolo is used as a hayfield.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600714
M. T. Vasbieva, N. E. Zavyalova, D. G. Shishkov
Abstract
The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on changes in the content of total phosphorus and its organic, mineral, and mobile compounds in soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Albiс Retisol (Abruptic, Aric, Loamic)) was analyzed. The studies were performed in a long-term stationary experiment initiated in Perm krai in 1978. The variants were: 0 (without fertilizers), N90, P90, K90, N90P90, N90K90, P90K90, N90P90K90, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N120P120K120, and N150P150K150. Ammonium nitrate or urea, double or simple superphosphate, and potassium chloride were used in the experiment. It was established that long-term use of superphosphate during five eight-field crop rotations (P90, P90K90, N90P90, and N90P90K90) resulted in a significant increase in the contents of the total phosphorus, mineral phosphorus (by 1.3–1.8 times), and mobile phosphorus (by 1.9–2.7 times) compounds in the plow layer (0–20 cm). The use of nitrogen fertilizers (N90, N90K90, N90Р90, and N90Р90K90) affected the accumulation of organic phosphorus compounds in the soil. The increase in the content and reserves of both mineral and organic phosphorus compounds was significant only in the case of using complete mineral fertilizer N90P90K90. Different combinations of superphosphate with nitrogen fertilizers and potassium chloride, as well as the rate of fertilizer application, affected the accumulation intensity of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil during rotations and the changes in their contents in the soil profile. The application of low fertilizer rates ((NPK)30–60) resulted in an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds mainly in the plow layer, whereas higher rates ((NPK)90–150) caused changes in the 80-cm-thick soil layer. Long-term use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers resulted in an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the plow layer over time.
{"title":"Effect of Long-Term Use of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilizers on the Contents of Phosphorus Compounds in Soddy-Podzolic Soil of the Urals","authors":"M. T. Vasbieva, N. E. Zavyalova, D. G. Shishkov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600714","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on changes in the content of total phosphorus and its organic, mineral, and mobile compounds in soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Albiс Retisol (Abruptic, Aric, Loamic)) was analyzed. The studies were performed in a long-term stationary experiment initiated in Perm krai in 1978. The variants were: 0 (without fertilizers), N90, P90, K90, N90P90, N90K90, P90K90, N90P90K90, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N120P120K120, and N150P150K150. Ammonium nitrate or urea, double or simple superphosphate, and potassium chloride were used in the experiment. It was established that long-term use of superphosphate during five eight-field crop rotations (P90, P90K90, N90P90, and N90P90K90) resulted in a significant increase in the contents of the total phosphorus, mineral phosphorus (by 1.3–1.8 times), and mobile phosphorus (by 1.9–2.7 times) compounds in the plow layer (0–20 cm). The use of nitrogen fertilizers (N90, N90K90, N90Р90, and N90Р90K90) affected the accumulation of organic phosphorus compounds in the soil. The increase in the content and reserves of both mineral and organic phosphorus compounds was significant only in the case of using complete mineral fertilizer N90P90K90. Different combinations of superphosphate with nitrogen fertilizers and potassium chloride, as well as the rate of fertilizer application, affected the accumulation intensity of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil during rotations and the changes in their contents in the soil profile. The application of low fertilizer rates ((NPK)30–60) resulted in an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds mainly in the plow layer, whereas higher rates ((NPK)90–150) caused changes in the 80-cm-thick soil layer. Long-term use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers resulted in an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the plow layer over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600763
I. N. Gorokhova, N. B. Khitrov, L. A. Tarnopolsky
Abstract
The aim of this work is to reveal correlation between the spectral characteristics of the open soil surface on the Pleiades image (April 25, 2020) and soils of a key site with a complex soil cover pattern in the south of the Volga Upland (Volga–Don irrigation system, Volgograd oblast). The study area is specified by the lithological heterogeneity: Paleogene and Neogene sands and loams are overlain by a mantle of Quaternary brown loams of variable thickness from 1–2 m to complete thinning out. The soil cover is represented by light chestnut solonetzic complexes complicated by a mosaic of lithological variants and erosion–accumulative combinations. Eight soil groups have been specified, and a map of their distribution has been developed for the key site of 343 ha with the use of digital methods of processing the spectral characteristics of the satellite image and ground-based soil information. Soil groups differ in general features of the soil surface due to differences in the contents of gravel and stones, texture of the surface horizon (from sand to silt loam), occurrence of brightened crusts, and surface effervescence depending on the thickness of the upper lithological layer. Soils with different horizonation of the profile—agrochestnut soils, agrozems, and agrosolonetzes—fall within the same groups of surface spectral characteristics; vice versa, soils of the same genetic type and, sometimes, subtype fall into different groups. This is explained by the incomplete correspondence of the properties of the soil surface affecting the spectral characteristics to the internal structure of the soil profile as a whole.
{"title":"Identification of Surface-Carbonate Soils and Soils with Variegated Underlying Rocks in the South of Volga Upland on Satellite Images","authors":"I. N. Gorokhova, N. B. Khitrov, L. A. Tarnopolsky","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600763","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of this work is to reveal correlation between the spectral characteristics of the open soil surface on the Pleiades image (April 25, 2020) and soils of a key site with a complex soil cover pattern in the south of the Volga Upland (Volga–Don irrigation system, Volgograd oblast). The study area is specified by the lithological heterogeneity: Paleogene and Neogene sands and loams are overlain by a mantle of Quaternary brown loams of variable thickness from 1–2 m to complete thinning out. The soil cover is represented by light chestnut solonetzic complexes complicated by a mosaic of lithological variants and erosion–accumulative combinations. Eight soil groups have been specified, and a map of their distribution has been developed for the key site of 343 ha with the use of digital methods of processing the spectral characteristics of the satellite image and ground-based soil information. Soil groups differ in general features of the soil surface due to differences in the contents of gravel and stones, texture of the surface horizon (from sand to silt loam), occurrence of brightened crusts, and surface effervescence depending on the thickness of the upper lithological layer. Soils with different horizonation of the profile—agrochestnut soils, agrozems, and agrosolonetzes—fall within the same groups of surface spectral characteristics; vice versa, soils of the same genetic type and, sometimes, subtype fall into different groups. This is explained by the incomplete correspondence of the properties of the soil surface affecting the spectral characteristics to the internal structure of the soil profile as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600775
V. A. Golubtsov, A. A. Cherkashina, Yu. V. Vanteeva, S. M. Turchinskaya
Abstract
The spatial and intraprofile variations of soil δ13C values are assessed along with the corresponding environmental and edaphic factors in the Baikal region, a vast territory in the south of Eastern Siberia, which is highly heterogeneous in terms of physiographic conditions. The studied sites are located in the altitudinal range of 403–2315 m a.s.l., which defines a strong landscape and climatic gradient comprising mountainous tundra, subalpine grasslands, mountainous taiga, subtaiga, and steppe landscapes. The soil organic matter there considerably varies in the 13C/12C isotopic ratio corresponding to δ13C values characteristic of the plants with C3 photosynthesis. The δ13C values in topsoil organic matter vary from –29.50 to –22.98‰. The changes in δ13C values in the altitudinal profile correlate well with the changes in landscapes. The highest δ13C values are characteristic of the soils in mountainous tundra and steppe landscapes. Organic matter of taiga soils is depleted in 13C. A lower carbon turnover rate is observed in the steppe and mountainous tundra soils, which is explained by limited moisture and heat supply, respectively. The soils formed in taiga landscapes with their more favorable balance of temperatures and precipitation display a more intensive carbon turnover (β). The β values in forest soils correlate with the changes in pH, C and N contents, and the variations in C/N ratio in soil organic matter, thereby suggesting a considerable effect of the plant litter quality and microbiological activity on the carbon turnover in the regional soils formed under more favorable climatic conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Regional-Scale Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Southeastern Siberia Inferred from Stable Carbon Isotopic Values (δ13C)","authors":"V. A. Golubtsov, A. A. Cherkashina, Yu. V. Vanteeva, S. M. Turchinskaya","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600775","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The spatial and intraprofile variations of soil δ<sup>13</sup>C values are assessed along with the corresponding environmental and edaphic factors in the Baikal region, a vast territory in the south of Eastern Siberia, which is highly heterogeneous in terms of physiographic conditions. The studied sites are located in the altitudinal range of 403–2315 m a.s.l., which defines a strong landscape and climatic gradient comprising mountainous tundra, subalpine grasslands, mountainous taiga, subtaiga, and steppe landscapes. The soil organic matter there considerably varies in the <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C isotopic ratio corresponding to δ<sup>13</sup>C values characteristic of the plants with C3 photosynthesis. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values in topsoil organic matter vary from –29.50 to –22.98‰. The changes in δ<sup>13</sup>C values in the altitudinal profile correlate well with the changes in landscapes. The highest δ<sup>13</sup>C values are characteristic of the soils in mountainous tundra and steppe landscapes. Organic matter of taiga soils is depleted in <sup>13</sup>C. A lower carbon turnover rate is observed in the steppe and mountainous tundra soils, which is explained by limited moisture and heat supply, respectively. The soils formed in taiga landscapes with their more favorable balance of temperatures and precipitation display a more intensive carbon turnover (β). The β values in forest soils correlate with the changes in pH, C and N contents, and the variations in C/N ratio in soil organic matter, thereby suggesting a considerable effect of the plant litter quality and microbiological activity on the carbon turnover in the regional soils formed under more favorable climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600465
R. Al-Khoury, A. A. K. Jaafar, S. Salim, S. Mandzhieva, A. Barakhov, L. Perelomov, V. D. Rajput
Abstract
The present work was conducted to evaluate the chromium contamination and its relationship with soil components of the Eastern Ghouta of Damascus, Syria. Various areas were chosen in the terms of chromium content analysis. Soil samples were collected from these areas to a depth of 60 cm from the three layers, at intervals of 20 cm. The results showed that the levels of total and CrVI were within the normal limits in Al-Maamouniye (uncontaminated with chromium), Jobar (agricultural land), and Ein Tarma (agricultural land). While it exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) as per FAO and WHO on the area of Tanneries (Dabagat). The soil content of CrIII (536.99, 474.34, 415.77 mg kg–1) and CrVI (0.12, 0.51, 0.75 mg kg–1) were determined in the layers of 0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm, respectively. The results also showed that 80% of chromium was associated with organic matter in the soil of Al-Dabagat region. In contrast, approximately 85% of chromium was available in the remaining part of the Mamounia soil. It was noted the content of chromium, which is associated with iron and manganese oxides, were high. Although chromium was exchangeable and bounded to CaCO3, however, its quantity was negligible. The results showed that the concentration of CrVI increased with depth at all the selected areas, in contrast to CrIII which decreased with the depth of soils.
{"title":"Chronical Soil Pollution with Chromium in the Tanneries Area: a Case Study in Damascus, Syria","authors":"R. Al-Khoury, A. A. K. Jaafar, S. Salim, S. Mandzhieva, A. Barakhov, L. Perelomov, V. D. Rajput","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600465","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present work was conducted to evaluate the chromium contamination and its relationship with soil components of the Eastern Ghouta of Damascus, Syria. Various areas were chosen in the terms of chromium content analysis. Soil samples were collected from these areas to a depth of 60 cm from the three layers, at intervals of 20 cm. The results showed that the levels of total and Cr<sup>VI</sup> were within the normal limits in Al-Maamouniye (uncontaminated with chromium), Jobar (agricultural land), and Ein Tarma (agricultural land). While it exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) as per FAO and WHO on the area of Tanneries (Dabagat). The soil content of Cr<sup>III</sup> (536.99, 474.34, 415.77 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>) and Cr<sup>VI</sup> (0.12, 0.51, 0.75 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>) were determined in the layers of 0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm, respectively. The results also showed that 80% of chromium was associated with organic matter in the soil of Al-Dabagat region. In contrast, approximately 85% of chromium was available in the remaining part of the Mamounia soil. It was noted the content of chromium, which is associated with iron and manganese oxides, were high. Although chromium was exchangeable and bounded to CaCO<sub>3</sub>, however, its quantity was negligible. The results showed that the concentration of Cr<sup>VI</sup> increased with depth at all the selected areas, in contrast to Cr<sup>III</sup> which decreased with the depth of soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600143
Zhimin Zhao, Fengxia Shi
Abstract
Although soil temperature (Ts) is generally considered as the primarily factor influencing soil respiration (Rs), the correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature is often affected by soil moisture (Ms). In this study, we analyzed the correlation between Rs and Ts under different soil moisture condition in semiarid high-altitude grassland in northwestern China. The results showed that (1) when the values of Ms were higher than the field capacity (FC), Rs were mainly controlled by Ms. (2) FC was also an important threshold to affect the selection of Rs–Ts model and the determination of temperature sensitivity (Q10). Our findings highlight that Rs is significantly influenced by Ms in a threshold manner, and FC is an important moisture threshold for Rs and its temperature response in high altitude semiarid ecosystems.We suggested that the effect of Ms on Rs cannot be neglected in high altitude semiarid ecosystems.
摘要 虽然土壤温度（Ts）通常被认为是影响土壤呼吸作用（Rs）的主要因素，但土壤呼吸作用与土壤温度之间的相关性往往受到土壤水分（Ms）的影响。本研究分析了中国西北半干旱高海拔草地不同土壤水分条件下 Rs 与 Ts 的相关性。结果表明：（1）当 Ms 值高于田间容纳量（FC）时，Rs 主要受 Ms 控制；（2）FC 也是影响 Rs-Ts 模型选择和温度敏感性（Q10）确定的重要临界值。我们的研究结果表明，在高海拔半干旱生态系统中，Rs受Ms的影响很大，而FC是Rs及其温度响应的重要水分阈值。
{"title":"Thresholds of Soil Moisture on the Temperature Response of Soil Respiration in Semiarid High-Altitude Grassland in Northwestern China","authors":"Zhimin Zhao, Fengxia Shi","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600143","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Although soil temperature (<i>T</i><sub>s</sub>) is generally considered as the primarily factor influencing soil respiration (<i>R</i><sub>s</sub>), the correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature is often affected by soil moisture (<i>M</i><sub>s</sub>). In this study, we analyzed the correlation between <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>s</sub> under different soil moisture condition in semiarid high-altitude grassland in northwestern China. The results showed that (1) when the values of <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> were higher than the field capacity (FC), <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> were mainly controlled by <i>M</i><sub>s</sub>. (2) FC was also an important threshold to affect the selection of <i>R</i><sub>s</sub>–<i>T</i><sub>s</sub> model and the determination of temperature sensitivity (<i>Q</i><sub>10</sub>). Our findings highlight that <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> is significantly influenced by <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> in a threshold manner, and FC is an important moisture threshold for <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> and its temperature response in high altitude semiarid ecosystems.We suggested that the effect of <i>M</i><sub>s</sub> on <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> cannot be neglected in high altitude semiarid ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snowmelt erosion and rainfall erosion are important components of soil erosion in Northeast China. Studying how snowmelt and rainfall affect runoff and sediment yield is essential to control soil erosion in this region. Based on the soil and water loss observation data in small watershed during snowmelt and rainfall periods, snowmelt and rainfall erosion processes were studied. The runoff–sediment relationship was analyzed. The results indicate that 13 snowmelt runoff events and 14 rainfall runoff events were recorded. During the snowmelt period, runoff depth (RD) and sediment yield (SY) exhibited a slow increase (early stage), rapid increase (middle stage), and then rapid decrease (late stage) trend. RD and SY in the middle stage were higher than those in the early and late stages. Moreover, during the rainfall period, soil erosion mainly occurred from July to August; during these two months, the rainfall and rainfall erosivity accounted for 66.0 and 91.1% of the total rainfall and rainfall erosivity, respectively; and the RD and SY in this period accounted for 88.4 and 89.8% of total amounts in the whole rainfall period, respectively. In addition, the contributions of snowmelt and rainfall to RD and SY were 18.6 and 81.4%, and 3.8 and 96.2%, respectively. Hysteresis analysis suggested that clockwise hysteresis loop was the dominant pattern, followed by eight-shaped anticlockwise loop, and complex anticlockwise loop.
{"title":"Evaluation of Snowmelt and Rainfall Erosion in the Total Soil Losses in a Typical Small Watershed in Black Soil Region of Northeast China","authors":"Zhongzheng Ren, Wei Hu, Yuan Chen, Guihui Ding, Xu Fan, Xingyi Zhang","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600477","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Snowmelt erosion and rainfall erosion are important components of soil erosion in Northeast China. Studying how snowmelt and rainfall affect runoff and sediment yield is essential to control soil erosion in this region. Based on the soil and water loss observation data in small watershed during snowmelt and rainfall periods, snowmelt and rainfall erosion processes were studied. The runoff–sediment relationship was analyzed. The results indicate that 13 snowmelt runoff events and 14 rainfall runoff events were recorded. During the snowmelt period, runoff depth (RD) and sediment yield (SY) exhibited a slow increase (early stage), rapid increase (middle stage), and then rapid decrease (late stage) trend. RD and SY in the middle stage were higher than those in the early and late stages. Moreover, during the rainfall period, soil erosion mainly occurred from July to August; during these two months, the rainfall and rainfall erosivity accounted for 66.0 and 91.1% of the total rainfall and rainfall erosivity, respectively; and the RD and SY in this period accounted for 88.4 and 89.8% of total amounts in the whole rainfall period, respectively. In addition, the contributions of snowmelt and rainfall to RD and SY were 18.6 and 81.4%, and 3.8 and 96.2%, respectively. Hysteresis analysis suggested that clockwise hysteresis loop was the dominant pattern, followed by eight-shaped anticlockwise loop, and complex anticlockwise loop.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600441
M. V. Burachevskaya, T. M. Minkina, S. S. Mandzhieva, T. V. Bauer, M. V. Kirichkov, D. G. Nevidomskaya, I. V. Zamulina
Abstract—
The aim of this work is to study the transformation of priority pollutants compounds, i.e., of Pb and Cd in soils with different buffer capacity and pollution level. The object of study is southern chernozem (Haplic Chernozem), calcareous, heavy loamy, collected in a virgin site in the Rostov-on-Don region, the layer 0–20 cm. Lead and Cd nitrates were added separately in doses of 2, 5, 10 approximately permissible concentration (APC) of metal (130 mg/kg for Pb and 2 mg/kg for Cd) into soil samples of the model experiment containing quartz sand in the ratios 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, 1 : 0.75 of the soil mass. The buffer capacity of soils in relation to Pb and Cd was assessed according to the method of V.B. Il’in (1995), based on the content of physical clay, organic matter, carbonates, R2O3, and pH. The ability of soils to firmly bind Pb and Cd was studied proceeding from the results of fractional group composition of metals using a combined fractionation scheme. In unpolluted heavy loamy Haplic Chernozem, the buffer capacity of soils in relation to Pb and Cd is high and is ensured by strong retention of metals by silicates and clay minerals (50–64% of the total fractions). Dilution of the initial soil with quartz sand reduces its buffer capacity from high to medium and low. When soil is contaminated, organic matter plays the most active role in the interaction with Pb; and Fe–Mn oxides are most important in the case of Cd. With a decrease in soil buffer capacity and growing pollution, the group of loosely bound compounds increases by 6–54%, mainly due to complex compounds in the case of Pb, and due to exchangeable and specifically sorbed by Fe–Mn oxides in the case of Cd. At the application dose of 10 APC Pb, the soil buffer capacity changes from low to very low. The data obtained are important for predicting and normalizing pollution of soils with different physicochemical properties.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Buffer Capacity on the Transformation of Lead and Cadmium Compounds","authors":"M. V. Burachevskaya, T. M. Minkina, S. S. Mandzhieva, T. V. Bauer, M. V. Kirichkov, D. G. Nevidomskaya, I. V. Zamulina","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600441","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>The aim of this work is to study the transformation of priority pollutants compounds, i.e., of Pb and Cd in soils with different buffer capacity and pollution level. The object of study is southern chernozem (Haplic Chernozem), calcareous, heavy loamy, collected in a virgin site in the Rostov-on-Don region, the layer 0–20 cm. Lead and Cd nitrates were added separately in doses of 2, 5, 10 approximately permissible concentration (APC) of metal (130 mg/kg for Pb and 2 mg/kg for Cd) into soil samples of the model experiment containing quartz sand in the ratios 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, 1 : 0.75 of the soil mass. The buffer capacity of soils in relation to Pb and Cd was assessed according to the method of V.B. Il’in (1995), based on the content of physical clay, organic matter, carbonates, R<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and pH. The ability of soils to firmly bind Pb and Cd was studied proceeding from the results of fractional group composition of metals using a combined fractionation scheme. In unpolluted heavy loamy Haplic Chernozem, the buffer capacity of soils in relation to Pb and Cd is high and is ensured by strong retention of metals by silicates and clay minerals (50–64% of the total fractions). Dilution of the initial soil with quartz sand reduces its buffer capacity from high to medium and low. When soil is contaminated, organic matter plays the most active role in the interaction with Pb; and Fe–Mn oxides are most important in the case of Cd. With a decrease in soil buffer capacity and growing pollution, the group of loosely bound compounds increases by 6–54%, mainly due to complex compounds in the case of Pb, and due to exchangeable and specifically sorbed by Fe–Mn oxides in the case of Cd. At the application dose of 10 APC Pb, the soil buffer capacity changes from low to very low. The data obtained are important for predicting and normalizing pollution of soils with different physicochemical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600374
V. A. Golubtsov, Yu. V. Ryzhov, A. A. Cherkashina
Abstract
Analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of soil organic matter is important for assessing past climate changes and the response of landscape components to them. Soils of nine soil-sedimentary sequences formed in various landscape and geomorphological conditions of western Transbaikalia have been studied. The time of their formation covers the last 15 kyr. The phases of pedogenesis within genetically different landforms were rather synchronous, which enabled us to suppose that they were caused by regional landscape-climatic changes, which also affected δ13C of soil organic matter. The range of variations in δ13С values is from –20.99 to –27.00‰. Changes in δ13С over time are the most contrasting for sections formed under driest steppe conditions and are the smallest for sections in taiga landscapes with the greatest precipitation. However, in general, the trends of changes in δ13С in different landscape zones over time are similar: the lowest δ13С values are typical for organic matter of Late Glacial paleosols formed 14–15 and 12 kyr BP, as well as for soils of the Late Holocene (3.5–2.0 and 1.0–0.3 kyr BP). Organic matter of soils of the Middle Holocene (9.0–4.0 kyr BP) and of the time interval of 13–14 kyr BP is enriched in 13C. Based on the identified dependence of δ13C in organic matter of modern soils in the region on the amount of precipitation, we have quantitatively reconstructed precipitation during the past growing seasons. The data obtained enable us to estimate the time intervals of 11.7–10.0 and 4.0–1.5 kyr BP as the most optimal for the formation of soils in Western Transbaikalia. An increase in temperatures and a decrease in atmospheric humidity in Transbaikalia and adjacent areas in the Middle Holocene exerted a negative impact on the pedogenesis intensity.
{"title":"Use of δ13С Variations in Organic Matter of Paleosols of Western Transbaikalia for Reconstruction of Paleoprecipitation Dynamics in the Late Glacial and Holocene","authors":"V. A. Golubtsov, Yu. V. Ryzhov, A. A. Cherkashina","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600374","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of soil organic matter is important for assessing past climate changes and the response of landscape components to them. Soils of nine soil-sedimentary sequences formed in various landscape and geomorphological conditions of western Transbaikalia have been studied. The time of their formation covers the last 15 kyr. The phases of pedogenesis within genetically different landforms were rather synchronous, which enabled us to suppose that they were caused by regional landscape-climatic changes, which also affected δ<sup>13</sup>C of soil organic matter. The range of variations in δ<sup>13</sup>С values is from –20.99 to –27.00‰. Changes in δ<sup>13</sup>С over time are the most contrasting for sections formed under driest steppe conditions and are the smallest for sections in taiga landscapes with the greatest precipitation. However, in general, the trends of changes in δ<sup>13</sup>С in different landscape zones over time are similar: the lowest δ<sup>13</sup>С values are typical for organic matter of Late Glacial paleosols formed 14–15 and 12 kyr BP, as well as for soils of the Late Holocene (3.5–2.0 and 1.0–0.3 kyr BP). Organic matter of soils of the Middle Holocene (9.0–4.0 kyr BP) and of the time interval of 13–14 kyr BP is enriched in <sup>13</sup>C. Based on the identified dependence of δ<sup>13</sup>C in organic matter of modern soils in the region on the amount of precipitation, we have quantitatively reconstructed precipitation during the past growing seasons. The data obtained enable us to estimate the time intervals of 11.7–10.0 and 4.0–1.5 kyr BP as the most optimal for the formation of soils in Western Transbaikalia. An increase in temperatures and a decrease in atmospheric humidity in Transbaikalia and adjacent areas in the Middle Holocene exerted a negative impact on the pedogenesis intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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