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Response of Nature-Based and Organic Farming Practices on Soil Chemical, Biological Properties and Crop Physiological Attributes under Soybean in Vertisols of Central India 以自然为基础的耕作法和有机耕作法对印度中部椎状土壤中大豆的土壤化学、生物特性和作物生理属性的影响
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1134/s106422932460012x
S. Singh, A. B. Singh, A. Mandal, J. K. Thakur, N. K. Sinha, A. Das, R. Elanchezhian, P. S. Rajput, G. K. Sharma

Abstract

In recent years, many sustainable farming approachbased on natural and organicinputs are gaining popularityacross the world. However, information on its impacts on soil health is quite scanty. Therefore, in present study we evaluated the effect of nature-based farming and different nutrient management practices on soil chemical, biological and crop physiological attributes after three years of adopting various nutrient management practices includingorganic farming during the kharif season of 2021 and 2022. The treatments comprised of: T1—control, T2—nutrient supplement through indigenous natural preparation, T3—organic farming, T4—integrated crop management + natural pest control, and T5—integrated crop management with chemical pesticides (ICM-P). In terms of soil nutrients status, integrated crop management) with need-based chemical pesticides had the highest available macro and micronutrients, followed by ICM with natural-basedfarming. The organic farming practice had the lowest soil pH, EC and the highest soil organic carbon. The higher soil enzymatic and biochemical activity was found under the organic farming and natural preparation. Enzymatic indices, including the biological activity index and the geometric mean of enzyme activities were greater in organic farming and natural preparation compared to control. At higher soil depth, nutrient availability and biological activity declined. Plant total chlorophyll and nitrate reductase activity found highest under ICM-P at 60 days after sowing under the ICM-P treatment; however, it declined thereafter. Soil enzymatic activity and all available nutrients are positively correlated. Integrating nutrient sources through nature-basedand organic farming can benefit soil fertility, biological activity, and overall system sustainability.

摘要 近年来,许多以天然有机投入为基础的可持续耕作方法在世界各地越来越受欢迎。然而,有关其对土壤健康影响的信息却很少。因此,在本研究中,我们评估了在 2021 年和 2022 年的收获季节,采用各种养分管理方法(包括有机耕作)三年后,基于自然的耕作和不同养分管理方法对土壤化学、生物和作物生理属性的影响。处理包括处理包括:T1-对照组、T2-通过本地天然制剂补充养分、T3-有机耕作、T4-综合作物管理 + 自然虫害防治、T5-使用化学农药的综合作物管理(ICM-P)。就土壤养分状况而言,使用化学农药的作物综合管理可获得的宏量和微量营养元素最高,其次是使用自然耕作的作物综合管理。有机耕作法的土壤 pH 值和导电率最低,土壤有机碳最高。有机耕作和自然耕作下的土壤酶和生化活性较高。与对照相比,有机耕作和天然制备的酶指数(包括生物活性指数和酶活性的几何平均数)更高。土壤深度越高,养分供应量和生物活性越低。播种后 60 天,在 ICM-P 处理下,植物总叶绿素和硝酸还原酶活性最高,但随后有所下降。土壤酶活性与所有可用养分呈正相关。通过以自然为基础的有机耕作来整合养分来源,有利于土壤肥力、生物活性和整个系统的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Saturated Hydrologic Conductivity on the Chinese Loess Plateau 中国黄土高原饱和导水率的空间分布与变化特征
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603475
Y. Yang, H. K. Yan, W. H. Tao, L. J. Su

Abstract

The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in maintaining the hydrological and climatic conditions of the Yellow River Basin, preventing desertification, and preserving biodiversity. Conducting a systematic analysis and assessment of the saturated hydrological conductivity (Ksat) on the Loess Plateau is crucial for modeling and simulating processes like surface runoff and solute migration. However, due to the uncertainty in detecting the saturated hydraulic conductivity, there are very few regional spatial analyses of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the CLP. The research results show that the Campbell model is more suitable for the CLP than others. Spatially, Ksat gradually decreases from northwest to southeast. The Ksat in the surface layer (0 cm) was significantly larger than that at the lower soil depths, and the Ksat variability of each soil layer was moderate. Moran;s I decreased as the lag distance increased; this indicated a positive spatial correlation between Ksat and the correlation gradually decreasing with distance. The scattered points are mainly located in the first quadrant, so the local spatial auto-correlation characteristics of the Ksat in this area are clustered with high values. The Ksat for different land cover on the CLP increases in the order grassland > forest land > agricultural land and increases with elevation. This study improves our understanding of land resources and ecological environment management in the CLP.

摘要 中国黄土高原(CLP)在维持黄河流域的水文和气候条件、防止荒漠化和保护生物多样性方面发挥着重要的生态屏障作用。对黄土高原饱和水文电导率(Ksat)进行系统分析和评估对于地表径流和溶质迁移等过程的建模和模拟至关重要。然而,由于饱和水文传导性检测的不确定性,对中黄土高原饱和水文传导性的区域空间分析非常少。研究结果表明,Campbell 模型比其他模型更适用于中电地区。在空间上,Ksat 由西北向东南逐渐减小。表层(0 cm)的 Ksat 值明显大于较低土层的 Ksat 值,各土层的 Ksat 值变化适中。随着滞后距离的增加,Moran;s I 值减小;这表明 Ksat 之间存在正的空间相关性,且相关性随距离的增加而逐渐减小。散点主要分布在第一象限,因此该区域 Ksat 的局部空间自相关特征为高值聚集。中电不同土地覆被的 Ksat 值依次为草地、林地、农地,并随海拔升高而增加。这项研究提高了我们对中电地区土地资源和生态环境管理的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Ecological Risks and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Contamination at Solid Waste Dumpsites 评估固体废物倾倒场的生态风险和重金属污染的空间分布
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324700303
P. Ilić, S. Ilić, Z. Mushtaq, A. Rashid, Lj. Stojanović Bjelić, D. Nešković Markić, S. Mrazovac Kurilić, Z. U. R. Farooqi, M. Y. Jat Baloch, T. Mehmood, Z. Ullah, S. Riaz

Abstract

Soil samples from wild solid waste dumpsites were collected in the Bijeljina-Zvornik region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and the concentrations potentionally toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe and Al). The disposal of waste at wild dumpsites has emerged as a serious environmental challenge affecting both developed and developing countries. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex issue of wild dumpsites, focusing on the contamination of the environment with toxic metals. The improper disposal of solid waste has become a global concern, with wild dumpsites being a significant component of the problem. In accordance with national legislation, the mean values for Cd and Ni exceeded the limit values. Very strong positive correlations are observed between Zn and Cu, between Cd and Pb and between Ni and Cr. The ecological risk assessments for Mn are extremely high; for Ni and Pb, they are high; for Zn, Cu and Cr, they are appreciable; and for Cd, they are moderate. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor were used to evaluate metal pollution in soil samples. PLI values exceeding 1.0 in five samples signify soil pollution, supported by mean values indicating contamination. Research findings reveal different contamination levels, with Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn at low levels, and Ni and Cd at moderate levels. The visualized results of ecological risk assessments for heavy metals in the soil underscore the critical importance of continuous monitoring and effective management of heavy metals at illegal dumpsites to preserve and protect surrounding ecosystems. The use of Surfer 12 software and the kriging method has proven to be an invaluable tool for exploring the spatial distribution of toxic metals in the study area.

摘要 在 Bijeljina-Zvornik 地区(波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那塞族共和国)采集了野生固体废物倾倒场的土壤样本,并测定了潜在有毒金属(镍、铬、锰、锌、铜、铅、镉、铁和铝)的浓度。在野外垃圾场处置废物已成为影响发达国家和发展中国家的一项严峻的环境挑战。本文旨在深入分析野生垃圾场这一复杂问题,重点关注有毒金属对环境的污染。固体废物的不当处置已成为全球关注的问题,而野生垃圾堆放场则是这一问题的重要组成部分。根据国家立法,镉和镍的平均值超过了限值。在锌和铜之间、镉和铅之间以及镍和铬之间观察到非常强的正相关性。锰的生态风险评估值极高;镍和铅的生态风险评估值较高;锌、铜和铬的生态风险评估值较高,镉的生态风险评估值中等。污染负荷指数(PLI)和污染因子用于评估土壤样本中的金属污染。有五个样本的污染负荷指数值超过 1.0,表明土壤受到污染,其平均值也表明土壤受到污染。研究结果显示了不同的污染程度,铅、铬、铜和锌的污染程度较低,镍和镉的污染程度中等。土壤中重金属生态风险评估的可视化结果突出表明,持续监测和有效管理非法倾倒点的重金属对维护和保护周边生态系统至关重要。事实证明,使用 Surfer 12 软件和克里格法是探索研究区域有毒金属空间分布的宝贵工具。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Four Methods for Accurate Estimation of Soil Phosphorus Storage Capacity: a Case Study in a Typical Red Soil 准确估算土壤蓄磷能力的四种方法对比分析:典型红壤案例研究
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603402
Huan Li, Jiamin Zhang, Yanling Wang

Abstract

Efficient utilization of agricultural soil phosphorus (P) and mitigation of loss risks necessitate a precise evaluation of soil P storage capacity (SPSC). This study compared the effectiveness of four soil test P methods (Oxalate, Bray, Olsen, and Mehlich-1) to accurately estimate SPSC and simplify P loss risk assessment of soils located in a typical red soil in the Sunjia Watershed, Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China. The extraction efficiencies of these methods for Fe, Al, P, and P saturation ratio (PSR) were compared, and conversion equations between SPSCOx (extracted using Oxalate) and soil test P (Bray, Olsen, and Mehlich-1) were derived through fitting analysis. The results underscored Oxalate as the optimal extractant for gauging P loss risk in red soils. Structural equation modeling (SEM) unveiled the substantial impact of amorphous iron-aluminum oxides (Feo, Alo) on SPSC, with Feo exerting a more pronounced influence than Alo. Among soil physicochemical properties, total carbon emerged as the most influential, and a strong interaction was noted between the physicochemical properties and Feo and Alo. The study delineated three crucial P concentration ranges for practical P management in red soils. When Bray-P < 48.2 mg kg–1, the soil acted as a P sink with no P loss risk, allowing for continued P application to augment crop yield. Conversely, within 48.2 mg kg–1 < Bray-P ≤ 55.2 mg kg–1, the soil attained its maximum secure P capacity; further P application significantly escalated the peril of P loss. Subsequently, when Bray-P > 55.2 mg kg–1, the soil turns into a source of P release. This signifies an escalated risk of P loss, demanding the immediate implementation of environmental protective measures.

摘要 农业土壤磷(P)的有效利用和降低损失风险需要对土壤磷储存能力(SPSC)进行精确评估。本研究比较了四种土壤磷测试方法(Oxalate、Bray、Olsen 和 Mehlich-1)的有效性,以准确估算 SPSC 并简化中国江西省鹰潭市孙家流域典型红壤的磷流失风险评估。比较了这些方法对铁、铝、钾和钾饱和度(PSR)的提取效率,并通过拟合分析得出了 SPSCOx(使用草酸盐提取)和土壤测试钾(Bray、Olsen 和 Mehlich-1)之间的转换方程。结果表明,草酸盐是衡量红壤中钾流失风险的最佳萃取剂。结构方程模型(SEM)揭示了无定形铁铝氧化物(Feo、Alo)对 SPSC 的重大影响,其中 Feo 的影响比 Alo 更明显。在土壤理化性质中,总碳的影响最大,理化性质与 Feo 和 Alo 之间存在强烈的相互作用。该研究为红壤中的实际磷管理划定了三个关键的磷浓度范围。当 Bray-P < 48.2 mg kg-1 时,土壤就像一个钾汇,没有钾流失的风险,可以继续施用钾以提高作物产量。相反,在 48.2 毫克/千克-1 < Bray-P ≤ 55.2 毫克/千克-1范围内,土壤达到了最大的安全钾容量;继续施用钾会大大增加钾流失的风险。随后,当 Bray-P > 55.2 mg kg-1 时,土壤变成了钾释放源。这意味着钾流失的风险增加,需要立即采取环境保护措施。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Irrigation Depth Considering Weather Forecast and Water Use Efficiency in Potato Cultivation 在考虑天气预报和用水效率的情况下优化马铃薯种植中的灌溉深度
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324700297
S. M. Mahdavi, H. Fujimaki

Abstract

In areas with restriction of water resource access for agricultural activities, one of the most challenging issues is determining irrigation depth in such a way that gets high efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate three different irrigation scenarios; in which irrigation depth was determined by WASH_1D/2D model and FAO method; as well as rainfed (no irrigation) treatment, in the fine textured soil under potato cultivation. The results showed that simulating method could optimize water use with considering weather forecast data as 6 irrigation events and 12.6 mm depth, compared to 10 irrigation events and 37.3 mm depth for FAO method. A significant difference was observed among gained yield under irrigated and rainfed plots that implied irrigation importance even in rainy season. The applied water efficiency values for simulated and FAO methods was gained as 198 and 70 g/mm, respectively; which indicate the WASH_1D/2D model may be an appropriate choice to determine irrigation depth considering water use optimizing in regions with water supply problems.

摘要 在农业活动水资源获取受限的地区,最具挑战性的问题之一是如何确定灌溉深度以获得高效率。通过田间试验,对三种不同的灌溉方案进行了评估,其中灌溉深度由 WASH_1D/2D 模型和粮农组织方法确定;在马铃薯种植的细粒土壤中,还采用了雨水灌溉(无灌溉)处理。结果表明,在考虑天气预报数据的情况下,模拟法可优化用水,灌溉次数为 6 次,灌溉深度为 12.6 毫米,而粮农组织法的灌溉次数为 10 次,灌溉深度为 37.3 毫米。灌溉地块和雨浇地块的增产差异明显,这表明即使在雨季灌溉也很重要。模拟法和粮农组织法的应用水效值分别为 198 克/毫米和 70 克/毫米;这表明 WASH_1D/2D 模型可能是供水问题地区考虑优化用水时确定灌溉深度的适当选择。
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引用次数: 0
Cryogenic Features in Meadow Podbels of the Middle Amur Lowland as Revealed by Micromorphological Analysis 微形态分析揭示的中阿穆尔低地草甸荚果的低温特征
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603785
A. B. Gyninova, M. I. Gerasimova, M. P. Lebedeva
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引用次数: 0
Morphogenetic Features of Soils of the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula Coast (Eastern Cisbaikalia) 斯维亚托伊诺斯半岛海岸(东西斯拜卡利亚)土壤的形态发生特征
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603633
L. D. Balsanova, B. B. Naidanov, A. V. Balsanov
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引用次数: 0
Soils of Tundra and Sub-Tundra Larch Open Woodland of Tit-Ary Island (the Lena Delta): Genesis, Properties, and Distribution Patterns Tit-Ary 岛(勒拿河三角洲)苔原和亚苔原落叶松疏林地的土壤:成因、性质和分布模式
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603657
M. Okoneshnikova, S. Lessovaia, A. Ivanova, R. Desyatkin
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引用次数: 0
Soils of Steppe Areas in the Cis-Tundra Open Woodland Subzone on the Right Bank of the Kolyma River in Its Lower Reaches 科雷马河右岸下游顺冻土带疏林亚区草原地区的土壤
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600027
D. Fedorov-Davydov, S. P. Davydov, S. V. Gubin, A. I. Davydova, O. G. Zanina, M. Shchelchkova, G. Boeskorov
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引用次数: 0
Maps of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential in the Russian Croplands 俄罗斯耕地土壤有机碳固存潜力图
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1134/s106422932360375x
V. A. Romanenkov, J. L. Meshalkina, A. Y. Gorbacheva, A. N. Krenke, I. K. Petrov, O. M. Golozubov, D. Rukhovich
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Eurasian Soil Science
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