Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603384
P. Kunmala, W. Jindaluang, T. Darunsontaya
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that either labile organic carbon (OC) or stable OC play a role in improving aggregate stability. Therefore, this study determined the OC fractions in water stable aggregates (WSA) and their contribution to the formation of the WSA in paddy soils, on the Central Plain of Thailand. Analysis of the OC fractions in the WSA was determined using wet oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The chemical composition of the organic compounds in the WSA was investigated using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the WSA content of the studied soils significantly increased with increasing organic and inorganic cementing/flocculating agents, such as soil organic carbon, clay, polyvalent cations, and sesquioxides. The labile OC and stable OC contents in the WSA also significantly increased with increased WSA content, suggesting the physical protection of OC fractions against microbial decomposition. The FT-IR analysis revealed that labile OC in the WSA, both before and after wet oxidation with H2O2, was dominated by polysaccharides, supporting the physical protection of labile OC by the WSA. Paddy soils containing higher organic and inorganic cementing/flocculating agents had higher stable OC, such as hydrophobic aromatic compounds, in the WSA, compared to paddy soils containing lower organic and inorganic cementing/flocculating agents. In turn, the WSA content of the soils in this study significantly increased with increases in the hydrophobic aromatic compounds in the WSA, suggesting the important role of stable hydrophobic organic compounds in enhancing the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates in these paddy soils.
{"title":"Labile and Stable Organic Carbon Fractions in Water Stable Aggregates and Their Contribution to Aggregate Stability in Paddy Soils","authors":"P. Kunmala, W. Jindaluang, T. Darunsontaya","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603384","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Evidence has suggested that either labile organic carbon (OC) or stable OC play a role in improving aggregate stability. Therefore, this study determined the OC fractions in water stable aggregates (WSA) and their contribution to the formation of the WSA in paddy soils, on the Central Plain of Thailand. Analysis of the OC fractions in the WSA was determined using wet oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The chemical composition of the organic compounds in the WSA was investigated using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the WSA content of the studied soils significantly increased with increasing organic and inorganic cementing/flocculating agents, such as soil organic carbon, clay, polyvalent cations, and sesquioxides. The labile OC and stable OC contents in the WSA also significantly increased with increased WSA content, suggesting the physical protection of OC fractions against microbial decomposition. The FT-IR analysis revealed that labile OC in the WSA, both before and after wet oxidation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, was dominated by polysaccharides, supporting the physical protection of labile OC by the WSA. Paddy soils containing higher organic and inorganic cementing/flocculating agents had higher stable OC, such as hydrophobic aromatic compounds, in the WSA, compared to paddy soils containing lower organic and inorganic cementing/flocculating agents. In turn, the WSA content of the soils in this study significantly increased with increases in the hydrophobic aromatic compounds in the WSA, suggesting the important role of stable hydrophobic organic compounds in enhancing the formation and stabilization of soil aggregates in these paddy soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603475
Y. Yang, H. K. Yan, W. H. Tao, L. J. Su
Abstract
The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in maintaining the hydrological and climatic conditions of the Yellow River Basin, preventing desertification, and preserving biodiversity. Conducting a systematic analysis and assessment of the saturated hydrological conductivity (Ksat) on the Loess Plateau is crucial for modeling and simulating processes like surface runoff and solute migration. However, due to the uncertainty in detecting the saturated hydraulic conductivity, there are very few regional spatial analyses of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the CLP. The research results show that the Campbell model is more suitable for the CLP than others. Spatially, Ksat gradually decreases from northwest to southeast. The Ksat in the surface layer (0 cm) was significantly larger than that at the lower soil depths, and the Ksat variability of each soil layer was moderate. Moran;s I decreased as the lag distance increased; this indicated a positive spatial correlation between Ksat and the correlation gradually decreasing with distance. The scattered points are mainly located in the first quadrant, so the local spatial auto-correlation characteristics of the Ksat in this area are clustered with high values. The Ksat for different land cover on the CLP increases in the order grassland > forest land > agricultural land and increases with elevation. This study improves our understanding of land resources and ecological environment management in the CLP.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Saturated Hydrologic Conductivity on the Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"Y. Yang, H. K. Yan, W. H. Tao, L. J. Su","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603475","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) plays a vital role as an ecological barrier in maintaining the hydrological and climatic conditions of the Yellow River Basin, preventing desertification, and preserving biodiversity. Conducting a systematic analysis and assessment of the saturated hydrological conductivity (<i>K</i><sub>sat</sub>) on the Loess Plateau is crucial for modeling and simulating processes like surface runoff and solute migration. However, due to the uncertainty in detecting the saturated hydraulic conductivity, there are very few regional spatial analyses of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the CLP. The research results show that the Campbell model is more suitable for the CLP than others. Spatially, <i>K</i><sub>sat</sub> gradually decreases from northwest to southeast. The <i>K</i><sub>sat</sub> in the surface layer (0 cm) was significantly larger than that at the lower soil depths, and the <i>K</i><sub>sat</sub> variability of each soil layer was moderate. Moran;s <i>I</i> decreased as the lag distance increased; this indicated a positive spatial correlation between <i>K</i><sub>sat</sub> and the correlation gradually decreasing with distance. The scattered points are mainly located in the first quadrant, so the local spatial auto-correlation characteristics of the <i>K</i><sub>sat</sub> in this area are clustered with high values. The <i>K</i><sub>sat</sub> for different land cover on the CLP increases in the order grassland > forest land > agricultural land and increases with elevation. This study improves our understanding of land resources and ecological environment management in the CLP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140936754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324700303
P. Ilić, S. Ilić, Z. Mushtaq, A. Rashid, Lj. Stojanović Bjelić, D. Nešković Markić, S. Mrazovac Kurilić, Z. U. R. Farooqi, M. Y. Jat Baloch, T. Mehmood, Z. Ullah, S. Riaz
Abstract
Soil samples from wild solid waste dumpsites were collected in the Bijeljina-Zvornik region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and the concentrations potentionally toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe and Al). The disposal of waste at wild dumpsites has emerged as a serious environmental challenge affecting both developed and developing countries. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex issue of wild dumpsites, focusing on the contamination of the environment with toxic metals. The improper disposal of solid waste has become a global concern, with wild dumpsites being a significant component of the problem. In accordance with national legislation, the mean values for Cd and Ni exceeded the limit values. Very strong positive correlations are observed between Zn and Cu, between Cd and Pb and between Ni and Cr. The ecological risk assessments for Mn are extremely high; for Ni and Pb, they are high; for Zn, Cu and Cr, they are appreciable; and for Cd, they are moderate. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor were used to evaluate metal pollution in soil samples. PLI values exceeding 1.0 in five samples signify soil pollution, supported by mean values indicating contamination. Research findings reveal different contamination levels, with Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn at low levels, and Ni and Cd at moderate levels. The visualized results of ecological risk assessments for heavy metals in the soil underscore the critical importance of continuous monitoring and effective management of heavy metals at illegal dumpsites to preserve and protect surrounding ecosystems. The use of Surfer 12 software and the kriging method has proven to be an invaluable tool for exploring the spatial distribution of toxic metals in the study area.
{"title":"Assessing the Ecological Risks and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal Contamination at Solid Waste Dumpsites","authors":"P. Ilić, S. Ilić, Z. Mushtaq, A. Rashid, Lj. Stojanović Bjelić, D. Nešković Markić, S. Mrazovac Kurilić, Z. U. R. Farooqi, M. Y. Jat Baloch, T. Mehmood, Z. Ullah, S. Riaz","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324700303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324700303","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Soil samples from wild solid waste dumpsites were collected in the Bijeljina-Zvornik region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and the concentrations potentionally toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe and Al). The disposal of waste at wild dumpsites has emerged as a serious environmental challenge affecting both developed and developing countries. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex issue of wild dumpsites, focusing on the contamination of the environment with toxic metals. The improper disposal of solid waste has become a global concern, with wild dumpsites being a significant component of the problem. In accordance with national legislation, the mean values for Cd and Ni exceeded the limit values. Very strong positive correlations are observed between Zn and Cu, between Cd and Pb and between Ni and Cr. The ecological risk assessments for Mn are extremely high; for Ni and Pb, they are high; for Zn, Cu and Cr, they are appreciable; and for Cd, they are moderate. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor were used to evaluate metal pollution in soil samples. PLI values exceeding 1.0 in five samples signify soil pollution, supported by mean values indicating contamination. Research findings reveal different contamination levels, with Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn at low levels, and Ni and Cd at moderate levels. The visualized results of ecological risk assessments for heavy metals in the soil underscore the critical importance of continuous monitoring and effective management of heavy metals at illegal dumpsites to preserve and protect surrounding ecosystems. The use of Surfer 12 software and the kriging method has proven to be an invaluable tool for exploring the spatial distribution of toxic metals in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140936750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603402
Huan Li, Jiamin Zhang, Yanling Wang
Abstract
Efficient utilization of agricultural soil phosphorus (P) and mitigation of loss risks necessitate a precise evaluation of soil P storage capacity (SPSC). This study compared the effectiveness of four soil test P methods (Oxalate, Bray, Olsen, and Mehlich-1) to accurately estimate SPSC and simplify P loss risk assessment of soils located in a typical red soil in the Sunjia Watershed, Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China. The extraction efficiencies of these methods for Fe, Al, P, and P saturation ratio (PSR) were compared, and conversion equations between SPSCOx (extracted using Oxalate) and soil test P (Bray, Olsen, and Mehlich-1) were derived through fitting analysis. The results underscored Oxalate as the optimal extractant for gauging P loss risk in red soils. Structural equation modeling (SEM) unveiled the substantial impact of amorphous iron-aluminum oxides (Feo, Alo) on SPSC, with Feo exerting a more pronounced influence than Alo. Among soil physicochemical properties, total carbon emerged as the most influential, and a strong interaction was noted between the physicochemical properties and Feo and Alo. The study delineated three crucial P concentration ranges for practical P management in red soils. When Bray-P < 48.2 mg kg–1, the soil acted as a P sink with no P loss risk, allowing for continued P application to augment crop yield. Conversely, within 48.2 mg kg–1 < Bray-P ≤ 55.2 mg kg–1, the soil attained its maximum secure P capacity; further P application significantly escalated the peril of P loss. Subsequently, when Bray-P > 55.2 mg kg–1, the soil turns into a source of P release. This signifies an escalated risk of P loss, demanding the immediate implementation of environmental protective measures.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Four Methods for Accurate Estimation of Soil Phosphorus Storage Capacity: a Case Study in a Typical Red Soil","authors":"Huan Li, Jiamin Zhang, Yanling Wang","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603402","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Efficient utilization of agricultural soil phosphorus (P) and mitigation of loss risks necessitate a precise evaluation of soil P storage capacity (SPSC). This study compared the effectiveness of four soil test P methods (Oxalate, Bray, Olsen, and Mehlich-1) to accurately estimate SPSC and simplify P loss risk assessment of soils located in a typical red soil in the Sunjia Watershed, Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China. The extraction efficiencies of these methods for Fe, Al, P, and P saturation ratio (PSR) were compared, and conversion equations between SPSC<sub>Ox</sub> (extracted using Oxalate) and soil test P (Bray, Olsen, and Mehlich-1) were derived through fitting analysis. The results underscored Oxalate as the optimal extractant for gauging P loss risk in red soils. Structural equation modeling (SEM) unveiled the substantial impact of amorphous iron-aluminum oxides (Fe<sub>o</sub>, Al<sub>o</sub>) on SPSC, with Fe<sub>o</sub> exerting a more pronounced influence than Al<sub>o</sub>. Among soil physicochemical properties, total carbon emerged as the most influential, and a strong interaction was noted between the physicochemical properties and Fe<sub>o</sub> and Al<sub>o</sub>. The study delineated three crucial P concentration ranges for practical P management in red soils. When Bray-P < 48.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, the soil acted as a P sink with no P loss risk, allowing for continued P application to augment crop yield. Conversely, within 48.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> < Bray-P ≤ 55.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, the soil attained its maximum secure P capacity; further P application significantly escalated the peril of P loss. Subsequently, when Bray-P > 55.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, the soil turns into a source of P release. This signifies an escalated risk of P loss, demanding the immediate implementation of environmental protective measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140936752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324700297
S. M. Mahdavi, H. Fujimaki
Abstract
In areas with restriction of water resource access for agricultural activities, one of the most challenging issues is determining irrigation depth in such a way that gets high efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate three different irrigation scenarios; in which irrigation depth was determined by WASH_1D/2D model and FAO method; as well as rainfed (no irrigation) treatment, in the fine textured soil under potato cultivation. The results showed that simulating method could optimize water use with considering weather forecast data as 6 irrigation events and 12.6 mm depth, compared to 10 irrigation events and 37.3 mm depth for FAO method. A significant difference was observed among gained yield under irrigated and rainfed plots that implied irrigation importance even in rainy season. The applied water efficiency values for simulated and FAO methods was gained as 198 and 70 g/mm, respectively; which indicate the WASH_1D/2D model may be an appropriate choice to determine irrigation depth considering water use optimizing in regions with water supply problems.
{"title":"Optimization of Irrigation Depth Considering Weather Forecast and Water Use Efficiency in Potato Cultivation","authors":"S. M. Mahdavi, H. Fujimaki","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324700297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324700297","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In areas with restriction of water resource access for agricultural activities, one of the most challenging issues is determining irrigation depth in such a way that gets high efficiency. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate three different irrigation scenarios; in which irrigation depth was determined by WASH_1D/2D model and FAO method; as well as rainfed (no irrigation) treatment, in the fine textured soil under potato cultivation. The results showed that simulating method could optimize water use with considering weather forecast data as 6 irrigation events and 12.6 mm depth, compared to 10 irrigation events and 37.3 mm depth for FAO method. A significant difference was observed among gained yield under irrigated and rainfed plots that implied irrigation importance even in rainy season. The applied water efficiency values for simulated and FAO methods was gained as 198 and 70 g/mm, respectively; which indicate the WASH_1D/2D model may be an appropriate choice to determine irrigation depth considering water use optimizing in regions with water supply problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140941952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603116
Yu. N. Krasnoshchekov
Abstract
We have studied geochemical features of organo-accumulative soils (Eutric Regosols (Loamic, Ochric)), Cambic Someric Phaeozems (Loamic)) widely spread in the soil cover of subtaiga and subtaiga-forest-steppe light coniferous forests and forming the lower boundary of the forest zone in the mountains of Northern Mongolia. Data on the microelement composition of soil-forming rocks are given; the paragenetic association of trace elements in them is composed of Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, V, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ba, Sr, Zr, and B. The residual and redeposited weathering crusts of igneous rocks are enriched with Zn, Cr, Mo, and B as compared to the mean content of these elements in the lithosphere, but they contain less Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Sr, and Zr. The residual and re-deposited weathering crusts of calcareous rocks are enriched in Pb, Cu, Zn, V, Cr, Sr, and B, and are impoverished in Co, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ba, and Zr. The morphological, physicochemical and chemical properties of soils, as well as the content and radial distribution of trace elements in soils are discussed. The data obtained testify to the accumulation of most trace elements in the surface organic and humus-accumulative soil horizons. This is associated with the heterogeneity of soil-forming rocks and with the effect of soil processes, which cause the accumulative redistribution of elements and their deposition at organic-sorption and carbonate geochemical barriers. It is shown that the studied soils differ not only in the absolute contents of trace elements, participating in the biological cycle, but also in the intensity of their involvement in biogenic migration.
{"title":"Geochemical Features of Organo-Accumulative Soils of Subtaiga and Subtaiga–Forest-Steppe Light Coniferous Forests of Northern Mongolia","authors":"Yu. N. Krasnoshchekov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603116","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We have studied geochemical features of organo-accumulative soils (Eutric Regosols (Loamic, Ochric)), Cambic Someric Phaeozems (Loamic)) widely spread in the soil cover of subtaiga and subtaiga-forest-steppe light coniferous forests and forming the lower boundary of the forest zone in the mountains of Northern Mongolia. Data on the microelement composition of soil-forming rocks are given; the paragenetic association of trace elements in them is composed of Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, V, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ba, Sr, Zr, and B. The residual and redeposited weathering crusts of igneous rocks are enriched with Zn, Cr, Mo, and B as compared to the mean content of these elements in the lithosphere, but they contain less Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Sr, and Zr. The residual and re-deposited weathering crusts of calcareous rocks are enriched in Pb, Cu, Zn, V, Cr, Sr, and B, and are impoverished in Co, Ni, Mn, Mo, Ba, and Zr. The morphological, physicochemical and chemical properties of soils, as well as the content and radial distribution of trace elements in soils are discussed. The data obtained testify to the accumulation of most trace elements in the surface organic and humus-accumulative soil horizons. This is associated with the heterogeneity of soil-forming rocks and with the effect of soil processes, which cause the accumulative redistribution of elements and their deposition at organic-sorption and carbonate geochemical barriers. It is shown that the studied soils differ not only in the absolute contents of trace elements, participating in the biological cycle, but also in the intensity of their involvement in biogenic migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603189
D. A. Nikitin, L. V. Lysak, E. P. Zazovskaya, N. S. Mergelov, S. V. Goryachkin
Abstract
Microbial biomass, diversity of culturable bacteria and micromycetes, and the number of functional nitrogen cycle genes in the supraglacial systems of the Aldegonda and Bertil glaciers have been studied. The biomass of microorganisms varies from 2.54 to 722 µg/g substrate. It is shown for the first time that the major part (78.7–99.8%) of microbial biomass in supraglacial objects is represented by fungi rather than by prokaryotes, and the main part (70 to 90%) of the fungal biomass consists of mycelium with the length varying from 6.70 to 537.51 m/g substrate. The counts of prokaryotes vary from 2.4 × 108 to 1.95 × 109 cells/g substrate. The length of actinomycete mycelium falls into the range of 2.6–62.61 m/g substrate. The counts of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes vary from 3.3 × 104 to 1.2 × 106 CFU/g substrate and of micromycetes, from 2.2 × 101 to 1.7 × 104 CFU/g substrate. Bacteria of the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and micromycetes of the genera Antarctomyces, Cadophora, Hyphozyma, Teberdinia and Thelebolus are dominants. The micromycetes Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus, Hyphozyma variabilis and Teberdinia hygrophila are found in Svalbard for the first time. The copy number of amoA genes in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria varies from 5.33 × 106 to 4.86 × 109/g substrate; of nitrogen fixation genes nifH, from 9.89 × 107 to 9.81 × 1010/g substrate; and denitrification genes nirK, from 4.82 × 107 to 3.34 × 1010/g substrate. These results indirectly suggest the leading role of fungi in the microbiome of the supraglacial objects in Svalbard and a considerable contribution of prokaryotes to the emission of greenhouse gases there.
{"title":"Microbiome of Supraglacial Systems on the Aldegonda and Bertil Glaciers (Svalbard)","authors":"D. A. Nikitin, L. V. Lysak, E. P. Zazovskaya, N. S. Mergelov, S. V. Goryachkin","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Microbial biomass, diversity of culturable bacteria and micromycetes, and the number of functional nitrogen cycle genes in the supraglacial systems of the Aldegonda and Bertil glaciers have been studied. The biomass of microorganisms varies from 2.54 to 722 µg/g substrate. It is shown for the first time that the major part (78.7–99.8%) of microbial biomass in supraglacial objects is represented by fungi rather than by prokaryotes, and the main part (70 to 90%) of the fungal biomass consists of mycelium with the length varying from 6.70 to 537.51 m/g substrate. The counts of prokaryotes vary from 2.4 × 10<sup>8</sup> to 1.95 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells/g substrate. The length of actinomycete mycelium falls into the range of 2.6–62.61 m/g substrate. The counts of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes vary from 3.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 1.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g substrate and of micromycetes, from 2.2 × 10<sup>1</sup> to 1.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g substrate. Bacteria of the genera <i>Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus</i>, <i>Streptomyces</i> and micromycetes of the genera <i>Antarctomyces, Cadophora, Hyphozyma, Teberdinia</i> and <i>Thelebolus</i> are dominants. The micromycetes <i>Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus, Hyphozyma variabilis</i> and <i>Teberdinia hygrophila</i> are found in Svalbard for the first time. The copy number of <i>amoA</i> genes in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria varies from 5.33 × 10<sup>6</sup> to 4.86 × 10<sup>9</sup>/g substrate; of nitrogen fixation genes <i>nifH,</i> from 9.89 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 9.81 × 10<sup>10</sup>/g substrate; and denitrification genes <i>nirK</i>, from 4.82 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 3.34 × 10<sup>10</sup>/g substrate. These results indirectly suggest the leading role of fungi in the microbiome of the supraglacial objects in Svalbard and a considerable contribution of prokaryotes to the emission of greenhouse gases there.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603293
A. P. Zhidkin, D. I. Rukhovich, K. A. Maltsev, P. V. Koroleva
Abstract
Current medium- and small-scale estimates of soil erosion in Russia are very few. At the same time, a favorable situation has now developed for assessing the rates and volumes of soil erosion losses. Erosion models adapted to available digital elevation models, various farmland maps, and climate databases are now available to researchers. We have estimated the rates and volumes of soil erosion with the use of different maps of cropland: world cover from the European Space Agency (ESA WC), global land cover and land use from the University of Maryland (GLCLU), the official unified federal information system of agricultural land (UFIS AL) from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, and the original conventionally reference land cover map of Alekseevskii district of Belgorod oblast. It has been found that the UFIS AL map gives cropland areas close to the average from first three maps. Public access maps (ESA WC and GLCLU) give maximum and minimum estimates of cropland, respectively. A comparison with the conventionally reference large-scale map shows that the accuracy of the UFIS AL does not exceed 90%; the accuracy of ESA WC and GLCLU maps is 84 and 83%, respectively. The total area of cropland in Belgorod oblast varies slightly (from 1445 to 1586 thousand hectares), which is favorable for erosion modeling. Deviations from the average rates of soil erosion calculated using different maps of cropland in the region as a whole are up to 7%; for some districts, they reach 27%. Thus, current estimates of soil erosion at the regional level can be carried out with an error of at least 10–15% only as a result of the uncertainty in mapping the boundaries of cropland. For Russia as a whole, data on the area of cropland vary significantly: from 80 to 132 million hectares. Consequently, the use of existing maps of cropland can lead to significant uncertainties in soil erosion estimates averaged at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation and large regions.
{"title":"Variation of Soil Erosion Estimates Based on Different Maps of Cropland in Belgorod Oblast, Russia","authors":"A. P. Zhidkin, D. I. Rukhovich, K. A. Maltsev, P. V. Koroleva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603293","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Current medium- and small-scale estimates of soil erosion in Russia are very few. At the same time, a favorable situation has now developed for assessing the rates and volumes of soil erosion losses. Erosion models adapted to available digital elevation models, various farmland maps, and climate databases are now available to researchers. We have estimated the rates and volumes of soil erosion with the use of different maps of cropland: world cover from the European Space Agency (ESA WC), global land cover and land use from the University of Maryland (GLCLU), the official unified federal information system of agricultural land (UFIS AL) from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, and the original conventionally reference land cover map of Alekseevskii district of Belgorod oblast. It has been found that the UFIS AL map gives cropland areas close to the average from first three maps. Public access maps (ESA WC and GLCLU) give maximum and minimum estimates of cropland, respectively. A comparison with the conventionally reference large-scale map shows that the accuracy of the UFIS AL does not exceed 90%; the accuracy of ESA WC and GLCLU maps is 84 and 83%, respectively. The total area of cropland in Belgorod oblast varies slightly (from 1445 to 1586 thousand hectares), which is favorable for erosion modeling. Deviations from the average rates of soil erosion calculated using different maps of cropland in the region as a whole are up to 7%; for some districts, they reach 27%. Thus, current estimates of soil erosion at the regional level can be carried out with an error of at least 10–15% only as a result of the uncertainty in mapping the boundaries of cropland. For Russia as a whole, data on the area of cropland vary significantly: from 80 to 132 million hectares. Consequently, the use of existing maps of cropland can lead to significant uncertainties in soil erosion estimates averaged at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation and large regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s106422932360330x
Ya. O. Timofeeva, L. N. Purtova
Abstract—
The involving of organic compounds in accumulation of Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, and Pb by Fe–Mn nodules in agro-dark-humus podbels (Planosols (Aric)) under different types of long-term agrotechnical impact has been studied in the south of Primorskii region. The profile patterns of the level of SOC content in soils and in nodules indicate the active deposition of organic compounds in nodules in the lower parts of soil profiles in the of fallow and phytomeliorative variants of the experiment. Fulvic acids were noted to predominate in the composition of humus in the nodules in these variants. The long-term application of organic fertilizers contributed to the decrease of SOC incorporation into nodules and to the increase of the part of humic acids in nodules. Nodules were characterized by a high accumulation levels of Co and Pb in all variants of the experiment. Accumulation of Ni, Cr, and Cu was recorded in nodules from particular horizons of studied soils. The intensity of elements accumulation in nodules of different variants of the experiment varied. Accumulation of Ni was controlled by the content of Mn-containing compounds. Based on the analysis of relationships between the contents of SOC, compounds of Fe and Mn, and trace elements, the relative influence of Fe–containing and organic compounds in accumulation of all studied elements by nodules has been identified.
{"title":"Influence of Organic Compounds on Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, and Pb Accumulation by Nodules in Agro-Dark-Humus Podbels (Planosols) in the South of Primorskii Region","authors":"Ya. O. Timofeeva, L. N. Purtova","doi":"10.1134/s106422932360330x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422932360330x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The involving of organic compounds in accumulation of Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, and Pb by Fe–Mn nodules in agro-dark-humus podbels (Planosols (Aric)) under different types of long-term agrotechnical impact has been studied in the south of Primorskii region. The profile patterns of the level of SOC content in soils and in nodules indicate the active deposition of organic compounds in nodules in the lower parts of soil profiles in the of fallow and phytomeliorative variants of the experiment. Fulvic acids were noted to predominate in the composition of humus in the nodules in these variants. The long-term application of organic fertilizers contributed to the decrease of SOC incorporation into nodules and to the increase of the part of humic acids in nodules. Nodules were characterized by a high accumulation levels of Co and Pb in all variants of the experiment. Accumulation of Ni, Cr, and Cu was recorded in nodules from particular horizons of studied soils. The intensity of elements accumulation in nodules of different variants of the experiment varied. Accumulation of Ni was controlled by the content of Mn-containing compounds. Based on the analysis of relationships between the contents of SOC, compounds of Fe and Mn, and trace elements, the relative influence of Fe–containing and organic compounds in accumulation of all studied elements by nodules has been identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603335
N. E. Kosheleva, E. M. Nikiforova, N. B. Zhaxylykov
Abstract
The pollution of the topsoil in the city of Baikal’sk (Irkutsk oblast) under the influence of industrial emissions and wastes of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill (BPPM) was studied. The contents of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in samples of urban and background soils taken during the soil geochemical survey in the summer of 2019 were analyzed. Relatively low contents of PAHs were found in lignin sludge from the BPPM and ash from the combined heat and power station (CHPS). The concentration of total PAHs in CHPS ash reaches 46 mg/kg with a predominance of low molecular weight compounds (the proportion of naphthalene and its homologues is 24% and 34% of the total PAHs, respectively). Among high molecular weight PAHs, 5-nuclear benzo(b)fluoranthene dominates (16%). In lignin sludge, the amount of PAHs is 7.16 mg/kg with a predominance of benzo(b)fluoranthene (83%). In soils of Baikal’sk, the mean total content of PAHs (38.4 mg/kg) is five times higher than the background content. In urban soils, 4–5-nuclear fluoranthene (61.1%) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (29.4%) prevail. This enables us to assign soil pollution to the fluoranthene type. Soils of the motor traffic (total content of PAHs is 105 mg/kg) and industrial (59.5 mg/kg) zones are most strongly polluted and display contrasting geochemical anomalies of PAHs. Land use zones of the city may be arranged in the following sequence with respect to the amount of PAHs: motor traffic > industrial > residential single-story > railway transport > residential multi-story > recreational zone. Several local anomalies with increased contents of PAHs form two large pollution halos in the west and east of the city. The leading factors in the accumulation of high molecular weight PAHs in soils include acid–alkaline conditions and soil organic matter, while the accumulation of low molecular weight polyarenes is mainly controlled by pH. The environmental hazard of pollution of Baikal’sk soils with polyarenes is by 83.5% related to benzo(b)fluoranthene.
{"title":"Ecological and Geochemical Assessment of the State of Soils in the City of Baikal’sk according to the Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","authors":"N. E. Kosheleva, E. M. Nikiforova, N. B. Zhaxylykov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603335","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The pollution of the topsoil in the city of Baikal’sk (Irkutsk oblast) under the influence of industrial emissions and wastes of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill (BPPM) was studied. The contents of 16 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in samples of urban and background soils taken during the soil geochemical survey in the summer of 2019 were analyzed. Relatively low contents of PAHs were found in lignin sludge from the BPPM and ash from the combined heat and power station (CHPS). The concentration of total PAHs in CHPS ash reaches 46 mg/kg with a predominance of low molecular weight compounds (the proportion of naphthalene and its homologues is 24% and 34% of the total PAHs, respectively). Among high molecular weight PAHs, 5-nuclear benzo(b)fluoranthene dominates (16%). In lignin sludge, the amount of PAHs is 7.16 mg/kg with a predominance of benzo(b)fluoranthene (83%). In soils of Baikal’sk, the mean total content of PAHs (38.4 mg/kg) is five times higher than the background content. In urban soils, 4–5-nuclear fluoranthene (61.1%) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (29.4%) prevail. This enables us to assign soil pollution to the fluoranthene type. Soils of the motor traffic (total content of PAHs is 105 mg/kg) and industrial (59.5 mg/kg) zones are most strongly polluted and display contrasting geochemical anomalies of PAHs. Land use zones of the city may be arranged in the following sequence with respect to the amount of PAHs: motor traffic > industrial > residential single-story > railway transport > residential multi-story > recreational zone. Several local anomalies with increased contents of PAHs form two large pollution halos in the west and east of the city. The leading factors in the accumulation of high molecular weight PAHs in soils include acid–alkaline conditions and soil organic matter, while the accumulation of low molecular weight polyarenes is mainly controlled by pH. The environmental hazard of pollution of Baikal’sk soils with polyarenes is by 83.5% related to benzo(b)fluoranthene.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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