Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600350
S. F. Krasnov, A. V. Gorobets, O. G. Bushueva
Abstract
Results of previous experimental assessment of soil erodibility, using the methodology of washing out model samples by a water stream at different installations (hydraulic flume, jetting unit, and water tube), were usually strongly variable. To solve this problem, a new approach to the formation of samples was elaborated. It differs from the previous one by loading the sample through a removable side wall of the horizontally placed cartridge. The layered loading and compaction of samples remains unchanged. The normal position of sample layers to the flow contrary to the parallel position practiced formerly enabled us to obtain a more uniform sample resistance to the flow. The use of a Poseidon measuring unit developed to define mean depth of the wave flow provided not only many-fold increase in the number of measurements of washout intensity during the experiment (from 1 to 14–15), but also enabled us to assess the quality of sample preparation, which increased accuracy and reliability of the study. The percentage standard deviation for erodibility was almost always lower in case of the horizontal loading as compared to the vertical one both between and within the series (by 13 and 12% on average, respectively).
{"title":"Methodological Aspects of Studying Soil Erodibility Using Washout Technique","authors":"S. F. Krasnov, A. V. Gorobets, O. G. Bushueva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600350","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Results of previous experimental assessment of soil erodibility, using the methodology of washing out model samples by a water stream at different installations (hydraulic flume, jetting unit, and water tube), were usually strongly variable. To solve this problem, a new approach to the formation of samples was elaborated. It differs from the previous one by loading the sample through a removable side wall of the horizontally placed cartridge. The layered loading and compaction of samples remains unchanged. The normal position of sample layers to the flow contrary to the parallel position practiced formerly enabled us to obtain a more uniform sample resistance to the flow. The use of a Poseidon measuring unit developed to define mean depth of the wave flow provided not only many-fold increase in the number of measurements of washout intensity during the experiment (from 1 to 14–15), but also enabled us to assess the quality of sample preparation, which increased accuracy and reliability of the study. The percentage standard deviation for erodibility was almost always lower in case of the horizontal loading as compared to the vertical one both between and within the series (by 13 and 12% on average, respectively).</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600490
E. V. Vanchikova, E. M. Lapteva, N. A. Vasilyeva, B. M. Kondratenok, E. V. Shamrikova
Abstract—
Particle size distribution (PSD) of a significant number of soil samples of various geneses from the Komi Republic was studied by the Kachinskii method (KM). Calculated, procedural, random, and systematic factors influencing the precision and correctness of measurement results performed with the KM protocol are considered. The influence of sample preparation (the degree of grinding of soil samples) and procedures for measuring the mass fraction of elementary soil particles (ESPs) on the quality of the results of studying soil PSD was assessed. The instability of measuring the mass of fine sand (0.05–0.25 mm) and coarse silt (0.01–0.05 mm) fractions with the KM protocol was shown. The dependence of the uncertainty of measurement results caused by random factors on the mass fraction of ESPs of particular size fractions is noted: the lower the mass of ESPs in the fraction, the higher the uncertainty of the measurement results. A modification of the Kachinskii method (KM) has been developed to improve the quality of soil PSD analysis. It includes: (1) separation of fine sand particles using a sieve with a mesh size of 0.05 mm (instead of calculating this fraction by difference according to the MK protocol); (2) use of scales of the first class of accuracy to measure the mass fraction of silt and clay particles; (3) control of the PSD research based on the summation of the measured values of the mass fraction of ESPs of six fractions and acid-soluble compounds (losses from HCl treatment). The standard for operational control of the mass fraction of the sum of ESPs after dividing them into fractions is 100 ± 5%. A metrological study of the Kachinskii method and its modifications was carried out. The proposed modification of Kachinskii`s method made it possible to reduce the uncertainty in the measurement results of the mass fraction of ESPs of small fractions (ωn < 10%) and shift the lower limit of measurements to 1%.
{"title":"Metrological Aspects of Studying the Particle Size Distribution of Soils according to the Kachinskii Method","authors":"E. V. Vanchikova, E. M. Lapteva, N. A. Vasilyeva, B. M. Kondratenok, E. V. Shamrikova","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600490","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Particle size distribution (PSD) of a significant number of soil samples of various geneses from the Komi Republic was studied by the Kachinskii method (KM). Calculated, procedural, random, and systematic factors influencing the precision and correctness of measurement results performed with the KM protocol are considered. The influence of sample preparation (the degree of grinding of soil samples) and procedures for measuring the mass fraction of elementary soil particles (ESPs) on the quality of the results of studying soil PSD was assessed. The instability of measuring the mass of fine sand (0.05–0.25 mm) and coarse silt (0.01–0.05 mm) fractions with the KM protocol was shown. The dependence of the uncertainty of measurement results caused by random factors on the mass fraction of ESPs of particular size fractions is noted: the lower the mass of ESPs in the fraction, the higher the uncertainty of the measurement results. A modification of the Kachinskii method (KM) has been developed to improve the quality of soil PSD analysis. It includes: (1) separation of fine sand particles using a sieve with a mesh size of 0.05 mm (instead of calculating this fraction by difference according to the MK protocol); (2) use of scales of the first class of accuracy to measure the mass fraction of silt and clay particles; (3) control of the PSD research based on the summation of the measured values of the mass fraction of ESPs of six fractions and acid-soluble compounds (losses from HCl treatment). The standard for operational control of the mass fraction of the sum of ESPs after dividing them into fractions is 100 ± 5%. A metrological study of the Kachinskii method and its modifications was carried out. The proposed modification of Kachinskii`s method made it possible to reduce the uncertainty in the measurement results of the mass fraction of ESPs of small fractions (ω<sub><i>n</i></sub> < 10%) and shift the lower limit of measurements to 1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600428
Z. S. Artemyeva, Yu. G. Kolyagin, E. S. Zasukhina, E. V. Tsomaeva, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, B. M. Kogut
Abstract
The chemical structure of organic matter (OM) pools in the 2–1-mm water-stable macroaggregates isolated from air-dry aggregates of the same size in arable horizons of noneroded, eroded, and depositional agrochernozems was studied with solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The changes in their chemical structure in the denudation–accumulative landscape are assessed. The overwhelming majority of water-stable macroaggregates in the erosional zone are newly formed due to dynamic replacement of OM in situ, which is clearly demonstrated by the integral chemical structure indicators in all OM pools in macroaggregates. Analytical data suggest the prevalent transport of newly formed macroaggregates. The destruction of macroaggregates during the transport phase is accompanied by the release of previously physically protected aggregated OM, which undergoes partial mineralization. Note that its most labile (hydrolyzable) part is predominately mineralized, whereas its stable part remains weakly changed or intact. Mineral-associated OM (clay and residue) weakly changes or does not change at all, retaining relative freshness, which indirectly suggests the prevalent migration of newly formed macroaggregates from the erosional zone. A greater degree of freshness of LFfr (free OM) in macroaggregates of depositional agrochernozem results from the abundance of fresh crop residues of the depositional zone together with the residues transported from the erosional zone.
摘要 采用固态 13C-NMR 光谱法研究了从非侵蚀、侵蚀和沉积农业岩层中相同大小的气干聚集体中分离出来的 2-1 毫米水稳大聚集体中有机质（OM）池的化学结构。评估了它们的化学结构在剥蚀-累积景观中的变化。侵蚀带中绝大多数水稳定性大集聚物是由于原地 OM 的动态置换而新形成的，这一点在大集聚物中所有 OM 池的整体化学结构指标中得到了清楚的证明。分析数据表明，新形成的大集聚物普遍存在迁移现象。大团聚体在迁移阶段被破坏的同时，先前受到物理保护的团聚 OM 也被释放出来，进行部分矿化。需要注意的是，其最易变（可水解）的部分主要被矿化，而其稳定的部分则保持微弱的变化或完好无损。与矿物质相关的 OM（粘土和残渣）变化较弱或根本没有变化，保持了相对的新鲜度，这间接表明新形成的大聚合体普遍从侵蚀区迁移而来。沉积农业岩的大集合体中 LFfr（游离 OM）的新鲜度较高，这是因为沉积区有大量新鲜的农作物残留物以及从侵蚀区迁移过来的残留物。
{"title":"Chemical Structure of Organic Matter in Water-Stable Macroaggregates of Agrochernozems of Different Positions on the Slope","authors":"Z. S. Artemyeva, Yu. G. Kolyagin, E. S. Zasukhina, E. V. Tsomaeva, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, B. M. Kogut","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600428","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The chemical structure of organic matter (OM) pools in the 2–1-mm water-stable macroaggregates isolated from air-dry aggregates of the same size in arable horizons of noneroded, eroded, and depositional agrochernozems was studied with solid-state <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectroscopy. The changes in their chemical structure in the denudation–accumulative landscape are assessed. The overwhelming majority of water-stable macroaggregates in the erosional zone are newly formed due to dynamic replacement of OM in situ, which is clearly demonstrated by the integral chemical structure indicators in all OM pools in macroaggregates. Analytical data suggest the prevalent transport of newly formed macroaggregates. The destruction of macroaggregates during the transport phase is accompanied by the release of previously physically protected aggregated OM, which undergoes partial mineralization. Note that its most labile (hydrolyzable) part is predominately mineralized, whereas its stable part remains weakly changed or intact. Mineral-associated OM (clay and residue) weakly changes or does not change at all, retaining relative freshness, which indirectly suggests the prevalent migration of newly formed macroaggregates from the erosional zone. A greater degree of freshness of LF<sub>fr</sub> (free OM) in macroaggregates of depositional agrochernozem results from the abundance of fresh crop residues of the depositional zone together with the residues transported from the erosional zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600325
V. A. Kholodov, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, A. R. Ziganshina, N. N. Danchenko, I. V. Danilin, Yu. R. Farkhodov, A. P. Zhidkin
Abstract
The composition of the water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) of sedimented soils, namely, dark-humus water-accumulative stratozems (Fluvic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Pachic)) in the nonplowed bottom of a dry valley is studied and compared to the WEOM composition of arable soils (Haplic Chernozems and Fluvic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Pachic) ) on the adjacent cropland of a small catchment. The WEOM composition of stratozems is examined layer by layer from the surface to the depth of 120 cm with a step of 20 cm. Water extracts are analyzed for organic carbon, nitrogen, and pH. The optical properties of WEOM are analyzed by spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy and compared in these soil types. The specific features of the changes in the properties of stratozems with the depth are also analyzed. The erosion and accumulation processes are shown to considerably influence the composition of soil WEOM. However, the content of dissolved carbon in WEOM does not significantly differ either between arable chernozems and sediments or down along the vertical profiles of the sediments on dry valley bottom. In turn, the content of nitrogen in the WEOM of arable chernozems is generally higher as compared with that in sediments, where it predictably decreases with depth. Presumably, the decrease in the nitrogen content of WEOM in sediments with depth is associated with its uptake by plant roots and an increase with depth in the share of anaerobic zones, with their activated denitrification processes. The top 0–60-cm soil layer in sediments actively retains the nutrients leached from arable soils, primarily, dissolved nitrogen. This process promotes the carbon accumulation in the underlying layers. An increase in the content of total organic carbon in Fluvic Chernic Phaeozem (Loamic, Pachic) layers below 60 cm is explainable with the accumulation of the dissolved organic matter migrating downward. On the one hand, the dissolved organic matter is sorbed by soil and, on the other hand, is preserved as a result of a decrease in the microbial activity caused by the deficiency in nutrients.
{"title":"Water-Extractable Organic Matter of the Soils with Different Degrees of Erosion and Sedimentation in a Small Catchment in the Central Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland: Soil Sediments on the Dry Valley Bottom","authors":"V. A. Kholodov, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, A. R. Ziganshina, N. N. Danchenko, I. V. Danilin, Yu. R. Farkhodov, A. P. Zhidkin","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600325","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The composition of the water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) of sedimented soils, namely, dark-humus water-accumulative stratozems (Fluvic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Pachic)) in the nonplowed bottom of a dry valley is studied and compared to the WEOM composition of arable soils (Haplic Chernozems and Fluvic Chernic Phaeozems (Loamic, Pachic) ) on the adjacent cropland of a small catchment. The WEOM composition of stratozems is examined layer by layer from the surface to the depth of 120 cm with a step of 20 cm. Water extracts are analyzed for organic carbon, nitrogen, and pH. The optical properties of WEOM are analyzed by spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy and compared in these soil types. The specific features of the changes in the properties of stratozems with the depth are also analyzed. The erosion and accumulation processes are shown to considerably influence the composition of soil WEOM. However, the content of dissolved carbon in WEOM does not significantly differ either between arable chernozems and sediments or down along the vertical profiles of the sediments on dry valley bottom. In turn, the content of nitrogen in the WEOM of arable chernozems is generally higher as compared with that in sediments, where it predictably decreases with depth. Presumably, the decrease in the nitrogen content of WEOM in sediments with depth is associated with its uptake by plant roots and an increase with depth in the share of anaerobic zones, with their activated denitrification processes. The top 0–60-cm soil layer in sediments actively retains the nutrients leached from arable soils, primarily, dissolved nitrogen. This process promotes the carbon accumulation in the underlying layers. An increase in the content of total organic carbon in Fluvic Chernic Phaeozem (Loamic, Pachic) layers below 60 cm is explainable with the accumulation of the dissolved organic matter migrating downward. On the one hand, the dissolved organic matter is sorbed by soil and, on the other hand, is preserved as a result of a decrease in the microbial activity caused by the deficiency in nutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600416
O. V. Chernova, K. S. Duschanova, A. A. Petrosyan, T. E. Khomutova
Abstract
The carbon content of microbial biomass in soil serves as one of the indicators of its biological activity and is often used in assessing the impact of anthropogenic activity and natural changes on the soil microbiome. Significant spatial and temporal variation of the indicator at the level of ecosystems, soil typological units, land use types, etc., makes it difficult to interpret the data obtained during mass monitoring. The aim of the study was to determine the background values of microbial biomass content in the surface sub-litter layer of soils in protected forests of the Moscow region. A reconnaissance survey of various podzolic soils typical for the region and differing in their genesis and texture and formed under mixed southern taiga forests in four protected natural territories was carried out. The soils of autonomous positions and the soils experiencing slight additional moistening were studied. The microbial biomass carbon was estimated by two methods: by the content of phospholipids and by substrate-induced respiration of microbial communities. Significant spatial variability of microbial biomass was noted both at the site level and at the ecosystem level. For the autonomous soils of similar classification positions and textures, it was comparable with the local variability at the experimental sites. The value of microbial biomass depended mainly on the character of soil water regime and soil texture, which largely determined the sorption capacity of the soil and its provision with biophilic elements, and also correlated with the richness of the ground cover providing the soil microbiome with nutrients. In order to obtain correct results of monitoring soil biological activity, unification of the methodology and depth of sampling in soils of background and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems is of great importance.
{"title":"Problems of Estimation of Microbial Biomass in Soddy-Podzolic Soils (Forests of the Protected Areas of Moscow Region)","authors":"O. V. Chernova, K. S. Duschanova, A. A. Petrosyan, T. E. Khomutova","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600416","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The carbon content of microbial biomass in soil serves as one of the indicators of its biological activity and is often used in assessing the impact of anthropogenic activity and natural changes on the soil microbiome. Significant spatial and temporal variation of the indicator at the level of ecosystems, soil typological units, land use types, etc., makes it difficult to interpret the data obtained during mass monitoring. The aim of the study was to determine the background values of microbial biomass content in the surface sub-litter layer of soils in protected forests of the Moscow region. A reconnaissance survey of various podzolic soils typical for the region and differing in their genesis and texture and formed under mixed southern taiga forests in four protected natural territories was carried out. The soils of autonomous positions and the soils experiencing slight additional moistening were studied. The microbial biomass carbon was estimated by two methods: by the content of phospholipids and by substrate-induced respiration of microbial communities. Significant spatial variability of microbial biomass was noted both at the site level and at the ecosystem level. For the autonomous soils of similar classification positions and textures, it was comparable with the local variability at the experimental sites. The value of microbial biomass depended mainly on the character of soil water regime and soil texture, which largely determined the sorption capacity of the soil and its provision with biophilic elements, and also correlated with the richness of the ground cover providing the soil microbiome with nutrients. In order to obtain correct results of monitoring soil biological activity, unification of the methodology and depth of sampling in soils of background and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems is of great importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600556
T. S. Koshovsky, A. N. Gennadiev, N. S. Gamova
Abstract—
Data on the contents of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of single-time and repeatedly burnt areas of different ages in taiga landscapes of the Khamar-Daban Ridge (southern Baikal region, Buryatia) are presented. Morphological soil features inherited from the fires are identified: charcoal layer (pyr), ash layer (Cpyr), charred forest litter, (Opyr) and pyrogenic humus horizon (Apyr). The post-fire variability of the soil cover within burnt areas is related to the presence of areas with six degrees of burning of litter material. The content of PAHs in soils decreases with increasing fire intensity, as well as in the case of repeated fires on the already burnt area. Background soils of forests not disturbed by fire have a higher content of PAHs compared to that in soils of 42-year-old burnt area and one-year-old intensely burnt area. Four groups of PAHs differing in their origin have been identified using factor analysis: polyarenes of pyrogenic autochthonous origin formed in situ (naphthalene, tetraphene, pyrene, chrysene, anthracene, naphthalene, to a lesser extent benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene); polyarenes of pyrogenic allochthonous origin that accumulated in soils due to atmospheric transport of ash material (benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene); polyarenes of biochemical origin (fluorene and biphenyl); and polyarenes of biochemical and petrogenic origin accumulating in the deep soil horizons (phenanthrene).
{"title":"Composition and Genesis of Polyarenes in Soils of Burnt Areas of Different Ages in the Baikal Nature Reserve","authors":"T. S. Koshovsky, A. N. Gennadiev, N. S. Gamova","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600556","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>Data on the contents of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of single-time and repeatedly burnt areas of different ages in taiga landscapes of the Khamar-Daban Ridge (southern Baikal region, Buryatia) are presented. Morphological soil features inherited from the fires are identified: charcoal layer (pyr), ash layer (Cpyr), charred forest litter, (Opyr) and pyrogenic humus horizon (Apyr). The post-fire variability of the soil cover within burnt areas is related to the presence of areas with six degrees of burning of litter material. The content of PAHs in soils decreases with increasing fire intensity, as well as in the case of repeated fires on the already burnt area. Background soils of forests not disturbed by fire have a higher content of PAHs compared to that in soils of 42-year-old burnt area and one-year-old intensely burnt area. Four groups of PAHs differing in their origin have been identified using factor analysis: polyarenes of pyrogenic autochthonous origin formed in situ (naphthalene, tetraphene, pyrene, chrysene, anthracene, naphthalene, to a lesser extent benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene); polyarenes of pyrogenic allochthonous origin that accumulated in soils due to atmospheric transport of ash material (benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene); polyarenes of biochemical origin (fluorene and biphenyl); and polyarenes of biochemical and petrogenic origin accumulating in the deep soil horizons (phenanthrene).</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141566532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603074
Z. Demir
Abstract
Soil quality (SQ) has been described as the ability of a particular type of soil to function, based on natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to ensure animal and plant productivity, promote air and water quality, and contribute to the habitation and human’s health. Aim of this study was to assessment SQ by using the integrated Soil Quality Index (SQI) model on onion cultivated soils in Polatlı district of Ankara province of the Continental Region of Turkey. The SQI was determined by giving weight with Analytic Hierarchy Process to scoring indicators with standard scoring functions. The soil samples were taken from 30 different onion cultivation areas. A total of 22 SQ parameters were included in the Soil Quality Index modeling, grouped into four classes. The parameters defined in the minimum data set are soil physical, chemical indicators, macro and micronutrient elements. 83% of the total samples in the study area were mostly medium quality soils, and 17% of the soil samples for onion cultivation were weak in terms of SQ. The soil organic matter (SOM) index had the highest weight (0.431), suggesting that SOM could be considered as the first restriction limiting the working potential of soils. It can be concluded that soil quality of the onion cultivation areas plays an important role for high onion production. It can be, therefore, suggested that the assessment of the soil quality of the onion cultivation field could play an important role in determining the high onion productivity in agricultural practices and sustainable soil management systems in arid as well as semi-arid regions.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Quality Index for Onion Cultivated Soils in a Semiarid Agricultural Ecosystem","authors":"Z. Demir","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603074","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Soil quality (SQ) has been described as the ability of a particular type of soil to function, based on natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to ensure animal and plant productivity, promote air and water quality, and contribute to the habitation and human’s health. Aim of this study was to assessment SQ by using the integrated Soil Quality Index (SQI) model on onion cultivated soils in Polatlı district of Ankara province of the Continental Region of Turkey. The SQI was determined by giving weight with Analytic Hierarchy Process to scoring indicators with standard scoring functions. The soil samples were taken from 30 different onion cultivation areas. A total of 22 SQ parameters were included in the Soil Quality Index modeling, grouped into four classes. The parameters defined in the minimum data set are soil physical, chemical indicators, macro and micronutrient elements. 83% of the total samples in the study area were mostly medium quality soils, and 17% of the soil samples for onion cultivation were weak in terms of SQ. The soil organic matter (SOM) index had the highest weight (0.431), suggesting that SOM could be considered as the first restriction limiting the working potential of soils. It can be concluded that soil quality of the onion cultivation areas plays an important role for high onion production. It can be, therefore, suggested that the assessment of the soil quality of the onion cultivation field could play an important role in determining the high onion productivity in agricultural practices and sustainable soil management systems in arid as well as semi-arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600064
V. V. Startsev, D. A. Severgina, A. A. Dymov
Abstract
Logging is one of the main anthropogenic factors that change forest ecosystems. An experiment was launched to study the effect of logging equipment on soil properties after cutting spruce forests in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic, during which skidding trails with different number of wheeled vehicle passes (forwarder PONSSE ELEPHANT) were set. Carbon (Cws) and nitrogen (Nws) of water-soluble compounds play an important role in the global cycle of elements. The paper presents the results of observations over the water-soluble organic matter content in the soils of original forests (podzolic soils—Albic Retisols) and the soils at different technological sites of the logging area that have experienced different loads, i.e., cutting strips and skidding trails with three passes of logging equipment (podzolic soil), ten passes (turbozem), and passes followed by leveling (turbozem). A significant increase in total carbon was revealed in soils in the first two years after cutting. The greatest changes were registered in the upper mineral horizons (EL and TURcwd), in which the carbon content increased 3–6 times (0.32–2.2%) versus 0.45% in the original forest soil. A considerable rise in the Cws content was found in organic and mineral soil horizons (up to 33.4 and 0.46 mg/g, respectively) after clear cutting, which thrice on average exceeds the initial values. The content of water-soluble nitrogen increases from 0.23 to 2.12 mg/g in the organic horizon two years after tree cutting. In the mineral horizons, the Nws content varied from 0.003 to 0.020 mg/g after cutting (versus 0.002–0.011 mg/g in the original forest soil). It is shown that an increase in water-soluble carbon and nitrogen contents can be considered a significant criterion of changing soil organic matter due to logging activities, since their concentrations differ substantially from the initial values.
{"title":"Dynamics of Water-Soluble Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Soils in the First Years after Clearcutting","authors":"V. V. Startsev, D. A. Severgina, A. A. Dymov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600064","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Logging is one of the main anthropogenic factors that change forest ecosystems. An experiment was launched to study the effect of logging equipment on soil properties after cutting spruce forests in the middle taiga of the Komi Republic, during which skidding trails with different number of wheeled vehicle passes (forwarder PONSSE ELEPHANT) were set. Carbon (C<sub>ws</sub>) and nitrogen (N<sub>ws</sub>) of water-soluble compounds play an important role in the global cycle of elements. The paper presents the results of observations over the water-soluble organic matter content in the soils of original forests (podzolic soils—Albic Retisols) and the soils at different technological sites of the logging area that have experienced different loads, i.e., cutting strips and skidding trails with three passes of logging equipment (podzolic soil), ten passes (turbozem), and passes followed by leveling (turbozem). A significant increase in total carbon was revealed in soils in the first two years after cutting. The greatest changes were registered in the upper mineral horizons (EL and TUR<sub>cwd</sub>), in which the carbon content increased 3–6 times (0.32–2.2%) versus 0.45% in the original forest soil. A considerable rise in the C<sub>ws</sub> content was found in organic and mineral soil horizons (up to 33.4 and 0.46 mg/g, respectively) after clear cutting, which thrice on average exceeds the initial values. The content of water-soluble nitrogen increases from 0.23 to 2.12 mg/g in the organic horizon two years after tree cutting. In the mineral horizons, the N<sub>ws</sub> content varied from 0.003 to 0.020 mg/g after cutting (versus 0.002–0.011 mg/g in the original forest soil). It is shown that an increase in water-soluble carbon and nitrogen contents can be considered a significant criterion of changing soil organic matter due to logging activities, since their concentrations differ substantially from the initial values.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600052
V. A. Kholodov, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, A. R. Ziganshina, N. N. Danchenko, Y. R. Farkhodov, S. V. Maksimovich, A. P. Zhidkin
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter is the most mobile part of soil organic matter; however, its change and transformation occurring during soil erosion are insufficiently studied. We assess the optical properties of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in arable soils with different degrees of degradation caused by erosion and sedimentation in a small arable catchment in the Kursk oblast, namely, the WEOM of arable Haplic Chernozems (noneroded and moderately eroded) and their analog with soil matter sedimentation, Fluvic Chernic Phaeosem (Loamic, Pachic). WEOM is isolated from the aggregates of 2–1 mm and >10 mm. In water extracts, the contents of organic carbon and nitrogen were measured. Optical properties were assessed according to absorption spectra and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The eroded and aggraded soils emerge to be similar to each other but significantly differ from noneroded chernozem in terms of the main quantitative characteristics of soil organic matter—the content of organic carbon and nitrogen, and pH. However, both the quantitative and qualitative WEOM characteristics show a different trend: the WEOM of Fluvic Chernic Phaeosem (Loamic, Pachic) significantly differs from eroded and moderately eroded Haplic Chernozems. In addition, some characteristics of WEOM (nitrogen content, SUVA254, S350–400, and SR) depend on the size of the aggregates from which WEOM is isolated (2–1 or >10 mm). The fluorescent properties of WEOM also depend on the size of the aggregates. Our data suggest that the properties of the WEOM in a small arable catchment of the central forest-steppe zone are variable and are largely determined by the destruction of water-unstable aggregates and consolidation of their particles, as well as by the leaching of dissolved organic matter. When aggregates are destroyed by water, their particles migrate with flows along the slope, and organic matter is decomposed. However, particles accumulate in depressions to become consolidated into blocky structural units, while the properties of soil WEOM are significantly altered, both due to degradation of organic matter and as a result of its leaching.
{"title":"Water-Extractable Organic Matter of Soils with Different Degrees of Erosion-Induced Degradation and Sedimentation in a Small Catchment in the Central Forest-Steppe Part of the Central Russian Upland: Tilled Soils","authors":"V. A. Kholodov, N. V. Yaroslavtseva, A. R. Ziganshina, N. N. Danchenko, Y. R. Farkhodov, S. V. Maksimovich, A. P. Zhidkin","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600052","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Dissolved organic matter is the most mobile part of soil organic matter; however, its change and transformation occurring during soil erosion are insufficiently studied. We assess the optical properties of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in arable soils with different degrees of degradation caused by erosion and sedimentation in a small arable catchment in the Kursk oblast, namely, the WEOM of arable Haplic Chernozems (noneroded and moderately eroded) and their analog with soil matter sedimentation, Fluvic Chernic Phaeosem (Loamic, Pachic). WEOM is isolated from the aggregates of 2–1 mm and >10 mm. In water extracts, the contents of organic carbon and nitrogen were measured. Optical properties were assessed according to absorption spectra and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The eroded and aggraded soils emerge to be similar to each other but significantly differ from noneroded chernozem in terms of the main quantitative characteristics of soil organic matter—the content of organic carbon and nitrogen, and pH. However, both the quantitative and qualitative WEOM characteristics show a different trend: the WEOM of Fluvic Chernic Phaeosem (Loamic, Pachic) significantly differs from eroded and moderately eroded Haplic Chernozems. In addition, some characteristics of WEOM (nitrogen content, SUVA<sub>254</sub>, <i>S</i><sub>350–400</sub>, and <i>S</i><sub>R</sub>) depend on the size of the aggregates from which WEOM is isolated (2–1 or >10 mm). The fluorescent properties of WEOM also depend on the size of the aggregates. Our data suggest that the properties of the WEOM in a small arable catchment of the central forest-steppe zone are variable and are largely determined by the destruction of water-unstable aggregates and consolidation of their particles, as well as by the leaching of dissolved organic matter. When aggregates are destroyed by water, their particles migrate with flows along the slope, and organic matter is decomposed. However, particles accumulate in depressions to become consolidated into blocky structural units, while the properties of soil WEOM are significantly altered, both due to degradation of organic matter and as a result of its leaching.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1134/s1064229324600155
K. S. Orlova, I. Yu. Savin
Abstract—
The history of the development of the concept of urban soil services, their current list, anthropocentric and pedocentric approaches to their assessment, and experience of application in various cities are considered. At present, the concept of ecosystem services is a comprehensive tool that allows, by analogy, to translate soil information into the sphere of management decision-making, as well as to maintain the sustainability of urban ecosystems by introducing measures to preserve urban soil services. Despite the accumulated experience in methods for assessing ecosystem services and examples of their application in urban planning in individual cities, there is no unified approach to assessing the services of urban soils. The widespread application of this concept is often hampered by insufficient knowledge of the properties of urban soils with their high spatiotemporal variability, as well as by the insufficient development of the approach itself for assessing soil services. However, the active development of theoretical and practical approaches to integrating information about soil characteristics into management is a prerequisite for optimizing the system of soil resource management in cities and towns.
{"title":"Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Soils and Their Assessment: A Review","authors":"K. S. Orlova, I. Yu. Savin","doi":"10.1134/s1064229324600155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229324600155","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The history of the development of the concept of urban soil services, their current list, anthropocentric and pedocentric approaches to their assessment, and experience of application in various cities are considered. At present, the concept of ecosystem services is a comprehensive tool that allows, by analogy, to translate soil information into the sphere of management decision-making, as well as to maintain the sustainability of urban ecosystems by introducing measures to preserve urban soil services. Despite the accumulated experience in methods for assessing ecosystem services and examples of their application in urban planning in individual cities, there is no unified approach to assessing the services of urban soils. The widespread application of this concept is often hampered by insufficient knowledge of the properties of urban soils with their high spatiotemporal variability, as well as by the insufficient development of the approach itself for assessing soil services. However, the active development of theoretical and practical approaches to integrating information about soil characteristics into management is a prerequisite for optimizing the system of soil resource management in cities and towns.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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