Pluripotent stem cells are the best candidates for a renewable and infinite source of β-cells suitable for a future application in cell ther-apy for type 1 diabetes. Obtaining a cellular product that is safe and functional is becoming urgent, as the first clinical trials using stem cell-derived β cells are ongoing. This review summarizes the current strategies applied in the field of stem cell derived-β cells to improve in vitro differentiation and to solve the problems of tumorigenicity and immune rejection for a future stem cell based cell therapy.
{"title":"Verso una nuova fonte di β-cellule per la cura del\u0000diabete mellito di tipo 1","authors":"V. Zamarian, Silvia Pellegrini, Valeria Sordi","doi":"10.30682/ildia2202h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2202h","url":null,"abstract":"Pluripotent stem cells are the best candidates for a renewable and infinite source of β-cells suitable for a future application in cell ther-apy for type 1 diabetes. Obtaining a cellular product that is safe and functional is becoming urgent, as the first clinical trials using stem cell-derived β cells are ongoing. This review summarizes the current strategies applied in the field of stem cell derived-β cells to improve in vitro differentiation and to solve the problems of tumorigenicity and immune rejection for a future stem cell based cell therapy.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123458679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sixty years after its introduction in the therapeutic arsenal of type 2 diabetes, metformin remains the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes according to national and international guidelines. Numerous obser¬vational studies have suggested that metformin may exert beneficial therapeutic effects on diabetes - and nondiabetes - related comorbidi¬ties, including cardiovascular, hepatic, neoplastic, and infectious dis¬eases. However, direct evidence of the pleiotropic effects of metformin from specific randomized controlled trials is still lacking.
{"title":"Effetti pleiotropici della metformina: hanno rilevanza clinica?","authors":"G. Sesti","doi":"10.30682/ildia2202b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2202b","url":null,"abstract":"Sixty years after its introduction in the therapeutic arsenal of type 2 diabetes, metformin remains the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes according to national and international guidelines. Numerous obser¬vational studies have suggested that metformin may exert beneficial therapeutic effects on diabetes - and nondiabetes - related comorbidi¬ties, including cardiovascular, hepatic, neoplastic, and infectious dis¬eases. However, direct evidence of the pleiotropic effects of metformin from specific randomized controlled trials is still lacking.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123553858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Marrano, G. Biondi, F. Giorgino, A. Natalicchio
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two distinct diseases, with different etiology and pathogenesis, but with a common outcome (hyperglycemia), caused by almost complete or reduced loss of β-cell functional mass, respectively. Although the causes that lead to β-cell failure are different (typically immune-mediated for T1D, while related to metabolic stress for T2D), the underlying molecular pathways are almost sim¬ilar in both forms of diabetes. In this review we try to highlight common molecular mechanisms of β-cells damage in T1D and T2D, which could suggest new promising common therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Fallimento β-cellulare nel diabete mellito di tipo 1 e di tipo 2: esistono meccanismi comuni?","authors":"Nicola Marrano, G. Biondi, F. Giorgino, A. Natalicchio","doi":"10.30682/ildia2202g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2202g","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two distinct diseases, with different etiology and pathogenesis, but with a common outcome (hyperglycemia), caused by almost complete or reduced loss of β-cell functional mass, respectively. Although the causes that lead to β-cell failure are different (typically immune-mediated for T1D, while related to metabolic stress for T2D), the underlying molecular pathways are almost sim¬ilar in both forms of diabetes. In this review we try to highlight common molecular mechanisms of β-cells damage in T1D and T2D, which could suggest new promising common therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological aging results from molecular and cellular damage over time. This process determines a progressive decrease in physical and functional capacity, an increased risk of disease and death. Therefore, the identification of the molecular mechanisms of aging has led to research for senotherapeutic strategies. Metformin is an oral hypo¬glycaemic drug. It is the first choice for the treatment of type 2 dia-betes mellitus (T2DM). However, clinical and preclinical evidence has shown the beneficial effects of metformin also in cardiovascular dis-eases, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. This editorial explores the recent evidence on metformin as an anti-aging drug.
{"title":"Metformina farmaco anti-aging? Tra promesse ed evidenze","authors":"Vittoria Cataldo, G. Paolisso","doi":"10.30682/ildia2202d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2202d","url":null,"abstract":"Biological aging results from molecular and cellular damage over time. This process determines a progressive decrease in physical and functional capacity, an increased risk of disease and death. Therefore, the identification of the molecular mechanisms of aging has led to research for senotherapeutic strategies. Metformin is an oral hypo¬glycaemic drug. It is the first choice for the treatment of type 2 dia-betes mellitus (T2DM). However, clinical and preclinical evidence has shown the beneficial effects of metformin also in cardiovascular dis-eases, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. This editorial explores the recent evidence on metformin as an anti-aging drug.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114634505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metformin, a molecule belonging to the biguanide family, is one of the best known and most widely used drug for the management of diabetes mellitus therapy in the world. During sixty years of its use, countless benefits have been described, not only for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, due to sim-ilarity with other members of the drug family, concern remains high about the risk of developing lactic acidosis. This article attempts to take stock of the real risks associated with the use of metformin, trying to shed light on the real risks and the possible onset of lactic acidosis or renal damage. Metformin-induced lactic acidosis exists but is rare. Appropriate use of the drug, under safe conditions, induces benefits in the absence of risks.
{"title":"Le reali contro-indicazioni all’utilizzo della metformina","authors":"S. Piro","doi":"10.30682/ildia2202c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2202c","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin, a molecule belonging to the biguanide family, is one of the best known and most widely used drug for the management of diabetes mellitus therapy in the world. \u0000During sixty years of its use, countless benefits have been described, not only for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, due to sim-ilarity with other members of the drug family, concern remains high about the risk of developing lactic acidosis. This article attempts to take stock of the real risks associated with the use of metformin, trying to shed light on the real risks and the possible onset of lactic acidosis or renal damage. Metformin-induced lactic acidosis exists but is rare. Appropriate use of the drug, under safe conditions, induces benefits in the absence of risks.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122057793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fiorenza Pesce, Alexi Di Cristofaro, Andrea Sansone, Danielle Mollaioli e Emmanuele A. Jannini
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with a plethora of micro- and macro-vascular complications which should be carefully investigated and treated in order to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of premature mortality. Female and male sexual dysfunction often occurs in diabetes; while cardiovascular complications are clearly involved, psychosexological factors, endocrine complications, and endothelial dysfunction all con¬tribute to the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions. Sexual dysfunctions can also act as early biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"La disfunzione sessuale negli uomini e nelle donne\u0000con diabete: una riflessione sulle complicazioni?","authors":"Fiorenza Pesce, Alexi Di Cristofaro, Andrea Sansone, Danielle Mollaioli e Emmanuele A. Jannini","doi":"10.30682/ildia2202e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2202e","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with a plethora of micro- and macro-vascular complications which should be carefully investigated and treated in order to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of premature mortality. Female and male sexual dysfunction often occurs in diabetes; while cardiovascular complications are clearly involved, psychosexological factors, endocrine complications, and endothelial dysfunction all con¬tribute to the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions. Sexual dysfunctions can also act as early biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117164326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Teresa Mezza, F. Cinti, A. Giaccari
β-cell dysfunction is a well-known feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it has been shown that defects in 1st phase insulin secretion play a fundamental role in the natural history of the disease. In this review, we highlight the clinical relevance of 1st phase impairment, focusing on its connection with post meal hyperglycemia and diabetic complications; we further evaluate possible therapeutic strategies aimed at improving β-cell secretory machinery and providing a durable control of the disease. In conclusion, we discuss the clinical relevance of C-Peptide sampling in detecting secretory defects.
{"title":"100 anni dopo l’insulina: cosa ancora non sappiamo della sua secrezione nel diabete di tipo 2","authors":"Gianfranco Di Giuseppe, Teresa Mezza, F. Cinti, A. Giaccari","doi":"10.30682/ildia2201c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2201c","url":null,"abstract":"β-cell dysfunction is a well-known feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it has been shown that defects in 1st phase insulin secretion play a fundamental role in the natural history of the disease. In this review, we highlight the clinical relevance of 1st phase impairment, focusing on its connection with post meal hyperglycemia and diabetic complications; we further evaluate possible therapeutic strategies aimed at improving β-cell secretory machinery and providing a durable control of the disease. In conclusion, we discuss the clinical relevance of C-Peptide sampling in detecting secretory defects.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124475688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: this editorial is aimed at providing a reference for the insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. Methods and results: the present paper revised the recently published Italian guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (outpatients), either in primary care or specialist referral. The guideline has been developed following the methods described in the Manual of the National Guideline System (http://www.snlg-iss.it) by a panel nominated by the Società Italiana di Diabetologia (SID) and Associazione Medici Diabetologi (AMD). Prior cardiovascular events, heart failure, hypoglycemic risk, and other conditions have been considered as factors capable of modifying treatment strategies. The following areas have been assessed: 1) position of the insulin therapy in the new algorithms; 2) type of formulations (insulin analogues or human insulin); 3) use of insulin infusion pumps. Conclusions: insulin should be used only as a second/thirdline therapy due to its lower efficacy on long-term HbA1c, higher risk of hypoglycemia, and neutral effects on cardiorenal outcomes. Human insulin formulations should be avoided for safety concerns (higher hypoglycemic risk) with no preference among different insulin analogues. Insulin pumps are not recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"L’insulina alla luce delle nuove linee guida italiane per il trattamento del diabete di tipo 2: quando, in chi e perché?","authors":"M. Monami","doi":"10.30682/ildia2201d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2201d","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: this editorial is aimed at providing a reference for the insulin treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. Methods and results: the present paper revised the recently published Italian guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (outpatients), either in primary care or specialist referral. The guideline has been developed following the methods described in the Manual of the National Guideline System (http://www.snlg-iss.it) by a panel nominated by the Società Italiana di Diabetologia (SID) and Associazione Medici Diabetologi (AMD). Prior cardiovascular events, heart failure, hypoglycemic risk, and other conditions have been considered as factors capable of modifying treatment strategies. The following areas have been assessed: 1) position of the insulin therapy in the new algorithms; 2) type of formulations (insulin analogues or human insulin); 3) use of insulin infusion pumps. Conclusions: insulin should be used only as a second/thirdline therapy due to its lower efficacy on long-term HbA1c, higher risk of hypoglycemia, and neutral effects on cardiorenal outcomes. Human insulin formulations should be avoided for safety concerns (higher hypoglycemic risk) with no preference among different insulin analogues. Insulin pumps are not recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132856771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 diabetes is a very common metabolic disorder worldwide. The main defects of this disease are insulin resistance and a β cell dysfunction, leading to a reduction of insulin secretion over time. Insulin secretion is a complex mechanism that involves interactions among all the cells of the pancreatic insula. In addition, glucolipotoxicity may affect reversibly insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. In recent years, several novel treatments have been becoming available for type 2 diabetes, nevertheless insulin still maintains an important role overall in specific situations including severe metabolic decompensation or pregnancy. The aim of the present narrative review is to discuss the main indications of insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"La terapia insulinica nel diabete mellito di tipo 2","authors":"Anna Toffalini, Alessandro Mantovani, G. Zoppini","doi":"10.30682/ildia2201b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2201b","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes is a very common metabolic disorder worldwide. The main defects of this disease are insulin resistance and a β cell dysfunction, leading to a reduction of insulin secretion over time. Insulin secretion is a complex mechanism that involves interactions among all the cells of the pancreatic insula. In addition, glucolipotoxicity may affect reversibly insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. In recent years, several novel treatments have been becoming available for type 2 diabetes, nevertheless insulin still maintains an important role overall in specific situations including severe metabolic decompensation or pregnancy. The aim of the present narrative review is to discuss the main indications of insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116827551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierpaolo Falcetta, M. Garofolo, Stefano Del Prato
Insulin pumps, or systems for Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin In-fusion (CSII), have changed from rudimentary devices with limited dosing flexibility to “smart” systems able to modulate insulin administration with greater flexibility and accuracy. The combination of insulin pump, continuous glucose monitoring and control algorithm now allows the automatic administration of insulin with an efficacy in glucose control never achieved previously. We review here the evolution in technology that has made possible this big advance in the care of diabetes.
{"title":"Insuline oltre l’insulina","authors":"Pierpaolo Falcetta, M. Garofolo, Stefano Del Prato","doi":"10.30682/ildia2201f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30682/ildia2201f","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin pumps, or systems for Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin In-fusion (CSII), have changed from rudimentary devices with limited dosing flexibility to “smart” systems able to modulate insulin administration with greater flexibility and accuracy. The combination of insulin pump, continuous glucose monitoring and control algorithm now allows the automatic administration of insulin with an efficacy in glucose control never achieved previously. We review here the evolution in technology that has made possible this big advance in the care of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":119243,"journal":{"name":"Il Diabete","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：