European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Aim: To examine the impact of medication on asthma treatment and the occurrence of caries cavities in children aged 3 to 15 years old (Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal). The frequency of caries cavities in 3 different groups was examined. In addition, the possible association of caries cavities with different asthmatic medication was also assessed.

Background: Asthma and caries cavities affect many children worldwide. Investigating the connection between asthma medication and the development of caries cavities is important for enhancing asthma treatment while reducing oral health risks. Exploring the relationship between asthma medication and caries cavities is compelling due to the limited number of conclusive studies on the subject.

Materials: A descriptive observational study was conducted on children aged 3 to 15 years old, who attended the immunology-allergology and dentistry services at the Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. between January 2021 and February 2022. The sample was divided into 3 groups (medicated asthmatics, unmedicated asthmatics, and healthy children without asthma). An intraoral examination was performed to collect the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) to assess the presence of caries cavities. Clinical and dietary data were supplemented with a questionnaire and medical history in all groups. All variables used were qualitative and described using absolute frequencies and percentages.

Conclusion: These results showed that anti-asthmatic medications may influence the development of caries cavities. The occurrence of caries cavities is more prominent in medicated asthmatic children when compared to unmedicated asthmatic children.

Aim: This randomised controlled trial compared the clinical effectiveness of four ion-releasing restorative materials in the proximal cavities of primary molars that underwent selective caries removal.

Conclusion: Although the superiority of materials over each other could not be proven in this study, Fuji II LC appears to be more successful in terms of retention.

Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate, by means of statistical comparison between selected studies, the effectiveness of laser irradiation on dental erosion applied alone or in combination with anti-erosive agents (fluoride, Acidulated phosphate fluoride APF and CPP-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate CPP-ACFP), through optical profilometry and microhardness measurement.

Methods: The searching strategy was conducted according to the International PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, to answer research ques-tions regarding the effectiveness of lasers used in the context of dental erosion (such as Nd:YAG, CO2, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Diode, and Argon Ion lasers). A comprehensive and unrestricted sys-tematic searching was performed using the electronic databases of PubMed and Cochrane Library, for all articles published up to the end of January 2023. The review record was registered by the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the identification number CRD408639.

Conclusion: Change in microhardness for the lasers group, irrespective of the type of laser used in the sample, was significantly greater compared with the one in the control group. Regards microhardness, the combination of Laser and APF gel showed promising results compared to APF gel agent.

Aim: This study assessed the effectiveness of technological aids (video modelling) versus verbal and demonstrative motivation for improving oral hygiene in paediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Materials: Consecutive patients with ASD were enrolled. Data on brushing frequency, snack intake frequency, plaque index, gum index, and Frankl scale were collected at baseline. After a tooth scaling session, patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (G1) received live brushing instructions, while Group 2 (G2) received an oral hygiene motivation video via email, created using the video modelling strategy. A follow-up evaluation was conducted after three months, with all parameters measured again for comparison.

Conclusion: Video modelling is an effective tool for motivating oral hygiene in patients with ASD, demonstrated by significant improvements in most measured parameters for the video modelling group.

Aim: Prosthetic rehabilitation of deciduous teeth in paediatric age using pre-formed crowns has been considered one of the best methods of dental restoration since their introduction. Their main advantages are related to durability, longevity and a low rate of recurrent cavities. Since stainless steel crowns do not coincide with aesthetic needs of parents and patients, preformed paedodontic crowns made of zirconia and nano-hybrid composite was introduced. The aim of the study is to evaluate the degree of wear on the enamel and on themselves of the different paedodontic crowns.

Materials: Nine bovine teeth and nine paedodontic crowns for deciduous molars were selected for the study, three of which in zirconia, three in nano-hybrid composite and three in stainless steel. Wear test was carried out on the Rtech™ Instruments tribometer applying a force of 50 N. After that, both the bovine teeth and the paedodontic crowns were observed using a stereo microscope (Zeiss Stemi C-500) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Cambridge Stereoscan 440). The areas of wear were calculated with a software [ImageJ, version 1x, Wayne Rasband, Maryland, USA].

Conclusion: Pre-formed paediatric crowns in zirconia, nano-hybrid composite and stainless steel are a valid aid for the restoration of deciduous teeth and do not compromise the physiological wear characteristic of the phases of the dental exchange. The stainless steel crown is preferable for the restorations in the posterior sectors as its behaviour is the most similar to that of a natural tooth. Zirconia and nano-hybrid composite crowns showed an inversely proportional behaviour between their wear volume and that of the opposing tooth.

Aim: To evaluate palatal surface effects induced by LE and RPE, alongside spontaneous changes in an untreated group, and to compare differences in canine and molar inclination among the three groups.

Materials: This randomised clinical trial aimed to compare digital models pre- and post-treatment over 12 months in patients receiving tooth-borne Leaf Expander® (LE) and tooth-borne Hyrax-type maxillary expander (RPE) treatments, alongside untreated patients. Analysis included 24 LE patients (13 males, 11 females, mean age 8.5±1.5), 22 RPE patients (10 males, 12 females, mean age 7.9±1.6), and 17 untreated subjects (7 males, 10 females, mean age 8.1±1.2). Inclusion criteria comprised indications for maxillary expansion treatment, mixed dentition, CVMS ≤ 3, erupted first molars, and good oral hygiene. Digital models were obtained using an intraoral scanner pre- and post-treatment. Palatal surface, segmented into anterior, median, and posterior zones, and canine/molar inclination were measured at T0-T1 using VAM software as the primary and secondary endpoint. Statistical analyses involved paired-sample T-tests for intra-group comparisons and ANOVA tests with Bonferroni correction for inter-group comparisons.

Conclusion: No significant difference in palatal surface increment was found between the two experimental groups (LE and RPE); both demonstrated a significant increase in palatal surface. The greatest increment occurred in the median palate zone for both experimental groups. The increment in the untreated control group was not significant. Furthermore, the RPE group showed a greater inclination of permanent molars compared to those treated with LE, indicating that expansion with lighter and continuous forces may lead to fewer dental side effects.

Aim: Over the years, the role of the lingual frenulum in the development of skeletal structures has been evaluated. However, the effect of short lingual frenulum treatment on bone structures is unclear. We need to investigate the effect of surgery and myofunctional therapy on maxillary development. This could be the rationale to establish an orthodontic interception protocol.

Methods: The case-control study was carried out in the Operative Unit of Pedodontics of the University Dental Clinic, at the Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences of the University of "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara. The study population consisted in thirty children. The data were collected through anamnesis carried out by qualified health personnel before dental examination. Photos, frenulum length and cast measurements were taken. Student's t-test statistical analysis was used. Significance was ascertained based on the obtained P value of less than 0.01.

Conclusion: The results confirmed the benefit of laser surgical treatment. The change in parameters related to the anterior palate region showed the power of frenectomy and myofunctional therapy in restoring the tongue's ability to stimulate bone development. The protocol adopted in the following study could be used in interceptive orthodontics. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects on the upper jaw over the long term that have higher sample numbers.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a Spanish population, was to determine whether dental development is delayed in paediatric patients with agenesis. The comparative analysis of the average difference between chronological and dental age was carried out to assess the validity of maturation tables for the Spanish population. The study examined the potential influence of the following variables: sex, number of agenesis, location of the agenesis.  CONCLUSION: Dental development in the studied sample representing Spanish population, is notably more delayed in children with agenesis, particularly among girls, despite earlier development. Dental development occurred earlier than expected. Dental development was studied using Demirjian's method with conversion tables for the Spanish population. Imprecise data was obtained in patients with agenesis as chronological age did not correspond to dental age. However chronological and dental age difference was minimal in patients without agenesis, determining the validity of the maturation tables for the Spanish population in this group of patients. Ultimately, the study concluded that later dental development of children with agenesis is influenced by gender, number of agenesis and location (posterior, lower).

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HSPM, its clinical presentation and any association to MIH in Jordanian children.

Materials: A cross-sectional study involving six- to-eight-year-old schoolchildren was carried out by two calibrated examiners. The MIH/HSPM index was used for scoring defects. A self-administered questionnaires exploring pre-, peri-, and post-natal relevant histories were also completed by parents. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis with a p set at 0.05.

Results: A total of 783 children (417 males and 366 females) with a mean age of (7.27 ± 0.6) years were enrolled in the study. The prevalence reported for MIH and HSPM was 40.1% and 44% respectively. Gender had no influence on the prevalence of HSPM (p=0.28), however, for MIH, the condition was more significantly reported in females compared to males (53.5% vs. 46.5%, p =0.002). The lower molars were significantly more affected than upper molars. Demarcated opacities were the most common clinical presentation. Mild lesion severity was the most frequently reported for both MIH and HSPM. The two conditions were significantly associated with each other (p =0.00,). However, HSPM was not predictive of MIH (OR=1.17, 95% CI=0.95 to 1.44). Regarding potential etiological/ risk factors, maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy was significantly associated with less MIH in their children.

Conclusion: MIH and HSPM were quite prevalent in Jordanian schoolchildren. The two conditions were significantly associated with each other, but HSPM was not predictive of MIH.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) by automating tooth segmentation in CBCT volumes of paediatric patients with mixed dentition, using nnU-Netv2 algorithm.

Background: Identifying and numbering teeth, the initial step in treatment planning, demands an efficient method.

Conclusion: AI models offer a promising approach in the mixed dentition period and play a valuable role in dentists' planning in terms of time and effort.