European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Aim: To provide an updated, evidence-based guidance on preventive strategies for MIH management.

Methods: The search process was conducted on PubMed®/MEDLINE and included the most recent (last l0 years), highest-quality English-language dental literature focused on preventive strategies in MIH patients (<18 years).

Results: Preventive measures - including fluoride-, casein-, calcium glycerophosphate-, arginine-based products; bioactive glasses; biomimetic hydroxyapatite; self-assembling peptides; ozone and laser therapies; silver diamine fluoride; resin infiltration; and fissure sealants are presented.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis is essential for the implementation of preventive strategies. Given the absence of a standardised treatment protocol for MIH, therapeutic interventions should be carefully customised based on the severity of the condition, the patient's age, level of cooperation, and specific clinical needs. Adopting a combined preventive approach may significantly improve long-term outcomes.

Aim: To analyse the role of prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment timing in orthodontics, with a focus on preventive orthodontic treatment in the growing patient.

Material and methods: A narrative literature review was performed, combined with clinical evidence. Diagnostic criteria in deciduous and mixed dentition, evaluation of occlusal indicators, oral habits, and radiographic and photographic records were analysed. Literature sources included PubMed, Scopus, and EJPD publications on prevention, early orthodontics, interceptive treatment, and treatment timing.

Results: Early identification of malocclusion patterns such as cross-bites, increased overjet, and skeletal Class III discrepancies is essential for targeted interventions. Evidence demonstrates benefits in reducing traumatic risk, improving psychosocial outcomes, and simplifying future orthodontic treatment. Up to 15% of malocclusions can be completely corrected and nearly 50% improved with interceptive measures in mixed dentition. The correct timing of intervention represents a pivotal clinical variable: decisions must be based on growth status, risk evaluation, and evidence of effectiveness and predictability.

Conclusion: Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment timing are key factors in paediatric orthodontics. Timely preventive orthodontic treatment can correct skeletal and dental discrepancies, reduce trauma risk, and improve quality of life. Clinical decisions must be evidence-based and personalised, avoiding unnecessary overtreatment. Therapeutic methods must be effective and efficient in achieving the treatment goals and, above all, must not interfere with the health of growing patients.

Background: The insurgence of external inflammatory lateral resorption (EILR) is one of the consequences of dental trauma and it can further complicate the prognosis of a compromised tooth. Long term treatment with Ca(OH)2 is the gold standard to manage EILR, and, recently, regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) has been suggested as an alternative clinical approach. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of post-traumatic EILR treated using REP.

Case report: A 9 years-old girl experienced an extrusive luxation of tooth #11. At the first visit the tooth was asymptomatic and responsive to sensitivity tests. At 3 months follow-up tooth #11 did not respond to cold and EPT, showed tenderness to palpation and a non-active sinus tract on the buccal mucosa. The radiographic examination showed a stage 3 root development, and an EILR in the distal-cervical portion of the root. A REP was performed using a calcium hydroxide medication for three weeks. Upon the second appointment the tooth and periapical tissues were asymptomatic, and the sinus tract had disappeared, medication was removed, intracanal bleeding and coagulum were obtained, MTA was positioned on the coagulum, and the crown restored with composite resin. Follow-up was established every 6 months for the first 2 years, then every 12 months for the next 5 years. At two years tooth #11 shows lack of symptoms, arrest of the resorption and presence of autologous tissue at the apex and within the root canal.

Conclusion: Regenerative endodontic procedures offer a less invasive option for treating immature teeth with EILR. However, the long-term effectiveness of REP is still uncertain and further studies are needed.

Aim: To assess the reliability and validity of an AI-based, innovative digital scale for the assessment of dental anxiety in children.

Background: Dental anxiety still persists as a potential problem in managing the child in the dental office. There is a need to develop a gold standard scale to measure anxiety in children incorporating newer technology. An innovative self-reported scale known as RMSDigital Anxiety Scale (RMS-DAS) incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) was developed.

Methods: Seventy-six children (aged 4-12 years) were included in the reliability group. The RMS-DAS test score was recorded on Day 1 where the child was asked to click on the expression produced by AI that matches his/her anxiety level the most at that moment. RMS-DAS retest score was recorded after 7 days. The validity group included 140 children. The anxiety scores were recorded using three scales; RMS-DAS, RMS-Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) and Facial Image Scale (FIS) during the same visit where the child was asked to click on the expression that matches his/her anxiety level the most at that moment. Reliability was assessed by the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest was assessed using paired t-test, scatterplot, and coefficient correlation. The validity of RMS-DAS was assessed by correlating it with RMS-PS and FIS using Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Conclusion: RMS-DAS is a reliable and valid scale that can be used as a new digital tool to assess children's dental anxiety.

Aim: The aim of this research is examining the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) in the reduction of dental anxiety in children with novel methods.

Methods: The three arm parallel-group randomised clinical study was conducted in children aged 6-10 years. Pulpotomy procedure was performed on randomised 90 selected children (n=30 in each group; AG: group applied active distraction using VR glasses, PG: group applied passive distraction, i.e., watching cartoons on a screen mounted onto a dental unit, CG: control group). Before and after the procedure, children were administered Facial Pain Scale (FIS), Children's Fear Rating Scale (CFSS-DS) and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS). The pulse rate was measured to check the anxiety levels of all treated children at five different time points. Statistical significance was determined as p<0.05.

Conclusion: VR has been found to positively contribute to the performance of children in adapting to dental treatment. The VR application aims to create positive attitude in children by providing them a safe atmosphere and becoming a useful tool in the dental profession.

Aim: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major public health concern, especially for children, who are particularly vulnerable to its harmful effects. Although alternative smoking devices like IQOS and e-cigarettes are marketed as harm reduction tools, their impact on paediatric oral health remains underexplored. This study evaluates the effects of SHS from conventional cigarettes, IQOS, and e-cigarettes on cotinine levels in gingival crevicular fluid and the risk of dental caries in children.

Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 160 children aged 3 to 14 years, categorised into four groups based on exposure: SHS from conventional cigarettes, SHA (secondhand aerosol) from IQOS, e-cigarettes, and a no-smoking control group. Each group included 40 participants, ensuring an equal distribution across exposure conditions. Children in the SHS/SHA groups were exclusively exposed to emissions from a single product type (cigarettes, IQOS, or e-cigarettes) to isolate product-specific effects. Cotinine levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and dental caries were assessed via the Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Parental smoking habits, oral health behaviours, and environmental factors were recorded through a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman's correlation.

Conclusion: SHS exposure from all sources negatively impacts children's oral health, with conventional cigarettes posing the greatest risk. While IQOS and e-cigarettes reduce SHS exposure compared to conventional cigarettes, they still result in measurable nicotine absorption and increased caries risk. Public health strategies and clinical interventions should prioritise creating smoke-free environments and raising awareness about the risks of SHS/SHA from all nicotine-containing products on paediatric health.

Aim: Nitrous oxide sedation is an effective and safe pharmacological behaviour management technique that has been used in dentistry for many decades. The aim of this study was to assess the patients', accompanying adults' and dentists' satisfaction with dental treatment under nitrous oxide sedation.

Materials: This questionnaire-based study was conducted at the Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Greifswald in Germany. A questionnaire was distributed to eligible patients (n=51), accompanying adults and treating dentists. The opinions of accompanying adults and dentists were assessed by means of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Conclusion: Most patients, accompanying adults, and dentists expressed high satisfaction with dental treatment under nitrous oxide, as it effectively enhanced the cooperation making the treatment in the majority of cases possible and more acceptable.

Background: Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG) is a rare benign lesion of the oral cavity originating from periosteum and gingival connective tissue, associated to local irritant and/or traumatic factors. Clinically PGCG appears as a painless swelling lesion with a smooth surface, brown red or purple in colour, ranging from few millimeters to 3-4 centimeters. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the complete periodontal and bone regeneration after elimination of traumatic factors and surgical therapy.

Case report: A 12-year-old female patient complained a gingival swelling in region 2.1, following an orthodontic therapy. Following a careful evaluation of data collected by anamnesis and clinical and radiograph exams, the surgical excision of the lesion was scheduled. PGCG was confirmed by histological analysis. Finally, a series of follow up at one-, two-, three-, and eight-year were scheduled.

Conclusion: The long-term follow-ups seem to demonstrate that the surgical removal of a PGCG associated with bone resorption and deep periodontal pockets caused by development of the lesion may lead to the regeneration of new periodontal attachment for both the infrabony and the suprabony component of the periodontal pocket.

Background: This study investigates the impact of increased dental visits on children's dental health outcomes over a seven-year period. It assesses whether services such as consultations, X-rays, treatments for stomatitis, fillings, and extractions lead to better dental health, specifically focusing on the condition of the first permanent molars following comprehensive dental remediation.

Materials: A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Vienna Public Health Insurance (ÖGK-W). The cohort included all children born in 2008 and 2009 who underwent extensive deciduous tooth rehabilitation in 2013. Inclusion criteria required each child to have received at least five dental procedures - including fillings and extractions - within a single quarter. The study comprised 465 patients, 196 females and 269 males. A score of 1 was assigned if restorative treatment was needed on any of the four molars, and a score of 0 if no treatment was required. This outcome was correlated with the frequency of dental visits over the seven-year period.

Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of regular dental check-ups and comprehensive preventive care in maintaining children's oral health. The findings demonstrate that proactive and frequent dental consultations, combined with proper oral hygiene education, can significantly delay or prevent the need for tooth remediation. This emphasises the critical role of preventive dental care and the need for continued emphasis on regular dental visits to improve long-term oral health in children.