European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Aim: To evaluate the acceptance of behaviour management techniques by Spanish and Colombian parents used in paediatric dentistry and the influence of factors that determine their consent during regular treatment and in emergency situations.

Materials: An anonymous questionnaire was carried out in which 9 behaviour management techniques (BMTs) used in paediatric dentistry by Spanish and Colombian parents were evaluated in cases of regular dental treatment and in emergency situations (pain and/or dental trauma). The techniques evaluated were: tell-show-do (TSD), voice control, positive reinforcement, distraction, parental presence-absence, nitrous oxide, passive and active restraint, and general anaesthesia. The questionnaire also included information on the sociodemographic information about parents and their children, previous dental experience, and dental anxiety of the parents. The data were analysed using SPSSTM software, r. 26 of IBMTM. A value of p≤ 0.05 was considered as statically significant.

Results: A total sample of 124 questionnaire (62 from each country) was obtained. The basic BMT were the most accepted in both countries, especially by Spanish parents. In emergency situations, statistically significant differences were obtained in the acceptance of nitrous oxide and general anesthesia compared to their use in routine treatments (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the preference of the techniques in relation to the age of the children or parental dental anxiety (p>0.05). An association was found between the socioeconomic status and the acceptance of nitrous oxide (p=0.005) and general anesthesia (p=0.004).

Conclusion: The basic techniques were the most accepted by Spanish and Colombian parents. However, the Spanish parents had a better perception of both types of techniques compared to the Colombians. Their preference was influenced by factors such as annual income and need for urgent treatment of their children.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile phone application to facilitate oral hygiene practices in children with ADHD.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled study that included 54 ADHD children after obtaining informed parental consent. The children were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group 1 (conventional) participants were instructed verbally as well as demonstrated the brushing technique on models. Group 2 (mobile phone application) participants were made to download and use the 'BRUSH DJ' app developed by Ben Underwood. At baseline, the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) [Greene and Vermillion, 1964] of each child was evaluated clinically and the parents were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding the oral hygiene practices followed by their child every day. At the end of the second, sixth, and twelfth week, the parents were asked to fill the same questionnaire in addition to the evaluation of the OHI-S index.

Results: A significant difference was found in the brushing time, brushing frequency, and OHI-S index between group 1 and group 2 at the end of 12 weeks. (unpaired t-test, p<0.05)

Conclusion: The mobile phone application proved to be an effective tool in captivating the attention of these children and thus improving their oral health.

Aim: The correlation between malocclusions in deciduous dentition and type of breastfeeding has been described by many authors in numerous articles. The aim of this article is to investigate the literature about this important topic.

Materials: The research was conducted by querying the following databases: PubMed, EBMR, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Medline, Web of Sciences, Ovid and Embase. The key words were: "infant" OR "baby", AND "breastfeeding" AND "malocclusion". As with similar literature review papers, the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Protocols) was used. The examined articles were of the following types: randomised controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies and cohort studies. For the qualitative analysis of the selected studies, it was employed the NOS scale (Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale).

Conclusion: Two hundred and fifty articles were selected. After filtering out the articles deemed irrelevant or with obvious bias, only 16 articles were left. From our results, it can be concluded that breastfeeding seems to play a decisive role in preventing the onset of posterior cross-bites and Class II malocclusions, and that this protective effect appears to be time-dependent.

Aim: To compare the effects on permanent or deciduous anchorage dental units in patients treated with a digitally designed palatal expander.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were the following: presence of maxillary transverse deficiency, no previous orthodontic treatment, no extractions, absence of agenesis, congenital pathologies and cranio-maxillofacial malformations. Twenty patients (11 males, 9 females, 11 ± 1.8 years) received a digitally designed and metal printed palatal expander anchored on first permanent molars and 1 activation per day for 30 days (Group 1). Twenty-one patients (12 males, 9 females, 8.6 ± 1.4 years) received a digitally designed and metal printed palatal expander anchored on second deciduous molars and 2 activations per day for 14 days (Group 2). Digital intraoral scans were taken before expansion and after device removal, and torque and the palatal transverse diameter were digitally measured. The FDI notation was used to indicate each tooth CONCLUSION: Less dental torque augmentation was produced in Group 2.

Results: Significant intragroup differences over time were found in Group 1 considering the torque of teeth 1.6, 1.4, 1.3, 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6. Significant differences between groups were found regarding the longitudinal change in torque of teeth 1.5, 2.4 and 2.5. Significant intragroup differences over time were found in both groups considering all transverse diameter parameters. No significant differences were found between groups in the transverse diameter modifications over time.

Conclusion: Less dental torque augmentation was produced in Group 2.

Aim: To evaluate the presence and status of retained DM2 without permanent successors in relation to age.

Background: Preservation of retained deciduous second molars (DM2) can be applied to treat congenital absence of second premolars (PM2). However, the consequences of caries and progressing root resorption or infraocclusion may affect their survival.

Methods: Panoramic radiographs of individuals >10 years of age with agenesis of at least one PM2 were evaluated and divided into three groups according to age. The presence and location of retained DM2, caries/restorations, infraocclusion and root resorption were investigated.

Results: A total of 131 subjects with PM2 agenesis were included (mean age: 13 years 11 months). The majority were missing one or two PM2. In total, 174 retained DM2 were present (33%), and their incidence was higher in the younger age groups. Caries/restorations were found in 88 (50.6%) and infraocclusion in 21 (12%) retained DM2. The roots were resorbed mostly for ½ of the root length (35%).

Conclusion: Long-term prognosis of retained DM2 without permanent successors seems uncertain, especially within the younger age group. In individuals older than 17 years, the prognosis for a healthy DM2 is favorable, if no distinct infraocclusion or extensive root resorption is present.

Background: Bullying is a common behaviour among adolescents, with psychological and health impacts on both victims and bullies. Recently, bullying due to dental features has received serious attention due to its short- and long-term effects on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. However, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the impact of treating dental problems on the cessation of bullying. This study aims to identify the impact of dental features and treatment of dental problems on the experience of being bullied.

Methods: A self-administered, modified version of a validated Arabic questionnaire was distributed to 300 dental patients with an age range of 10-18 years old. The variables studied were demographics, bullying due to dental features, the impact of dental treatment on the experience of being bullied, and the need for a program to stop bullying.

Conclusion: Bullying due to dental features is common among adolescents. Treatment of dental problems significantly lessens the act of bullying. Implementing anti-bullying programs that include paedodontists and orthodontists as stakeholders is important.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between sequential visits in dental caries treatments and dental anxiety levels of paediatric patients through the use of anxiety scales and physiological measurements.

Methods: A total of 224 children aged 5-8 years who needed at least two bilateral restorative dental caries treatments of the mandibular first primary molar was included in the study. The treatment duration was approximately 20 minutes and time span between the two appointments was a maximum of two weeks. The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) and The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were used for subjective measurements and the objective measurement of dental anxiety was performed by measuring the heart rate using a portable pulse oximeter. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 (IBM corp. Armonk, NY, USA).

Results: Out of the 224 children, 117 were girls (mean age 6.4 ± 1.1 years) and 107 were boys (mean age 6.1 ± 1.2 years). The mean age of the patients was 6.26 ± 1.147 years, ranging from 5 to 8. There were no statistical significant differences between children’s age and genders with dental anxiety. However, there were statistical significant differences for the variables regarding the sequential visits. When comparing the MDAS scores statistically significant differences were observed between the first and second visits (p<0.001). Both preoperative and postoperative WBFPS scores were significantly higher at the first visit than at the second visit. Statistically significant differences were observed in the heart rate scores between the treatment sessions (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The results of this study show a significant reduction in dental anxiety after sequental dental visits in children aged 5-8 years, which highlights the importance of the sequental visits in paediatric dentistry.

Aim: Dental agenesis is one of the most frequent dental anomalies, with a prevalence varying from 1.6% to 36.5%, depending on the populations studied. The patient's age at diagnosis, sex, and ethnic differences are considered possible influenting factors that can explain such a wide range of prevalence. The objective of the study was to define the frequency of dental agenesis in a sample of subjects living in Piedmont and Lombardy regions of Italy.

Materials: X-rays, already taken for other diagnostic purposes, were collected. Orthopantomographies belonging to subjects born after 1995 and aged between 7.9 and 16.9 years were selected. It was assessed the presence of each tooth, except for third molars since they are frequently absent due to their variability. If a tooth was missing and the patient had additional radiographs, the other radiographs were evaluated to confirm the diagnosis or to rule out a delayed calcification or the presence of a malposition tooth.

Results: Orthopantomographies were collected from 1,020 subjects and 98 of them presented agenesis, with a prevalence of 5% for females and 4.61% for males. The most affected teeth were 35 and 45, followed by 12 and 22. The lower arch was more frequently involved by agenesis: there were 107 teeth absent in the mandibular arch and 83 in the maxillary arch.

Aim: To compare the prevalence of mutans streptococci (SM) prevalence and categorical distribution in the saliva of high caries-risk children after their 24 months exposure to 25% xylitol toothpaste applied twice a day. To also examine the early caries susceptibility at baseline.

Background: An observational design with two times of collection. A total of 270 mother-infant dyads (mean age of infant 6.7 months) were initially recruited. At baseline, a dental exam looked for any early clinical signs of caries, and saliva collections were performed to assess SM prevalence. Two years later, other saliva collections were performed on a residual sample of 102 young children at the endpoint.

Methods: Two hundred four saliva samples were analysed with Dentocult, a commercial kit estimating in four categories, the SM distribution, expressed as the number of colonies forming units per milliliter of saliva (CFU/ml). The dental exam used the ICDAS system to include initial carious lesions (d1-2). The dentist administrated a maternal socio-economic questionnaire as the study collector.

Conclusion: A domestic strategy using a natural toothpaste containing 25% of xylitol as a vehicle, and tooth brushing as a habit, showed a promising antibacterial cariogenic effect. This approach could be a relevant alternative to in-home care to prevent ECC and early SM contamination.

Case report: Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare mixed odontogenic tumour which involves mostly the posterior mandible. Its peripheral variant is very rare. Only eight cases have been reported worldwide. In this report, we described a case of peripheral ameloblastic fibroma occurring in the maxillary gingiva in a 10 year-old child. The lesion was excised with a conservative surgical approach and no recurrence has occurred. Peripheral ameloblastic fibroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a slow growing lesion involving the gingiva.