European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Aim: To evaluate the association between dietary consistency, masticatory patterns, and the presence of posterior crossbite in growing patients, and to explore potential preventive strategies.

Background: Maxillary constriction, frequently associated with posterior crossbite, presents challenges to craniofacial development. Modern dietary habits, characterised by softer food textures, reduce masticatory demand, potentially contributing to maxillary hypoplasia. However, the translational impact of dietary consistency on general health and craniofacial development remains underexplored.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 106 participants divided into two groups: case (posterior crossbite) and control (non-crossbite). Dietary habits were assessed through a validated questionnaire that categorised foods by consistency. Masticatory cycles were analysed using a kinesiograph to identify normal, reverse, and atypical patterns. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and regression models, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Conclusion: This study confirms a significant association between dietary consistency, masticatory patterns, and posterior crossbite. The findings underscore the role of dietary texture in craniofacial development, highlighting the importance of preventive dietary strategies to support both craniofacial growth and general health. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to validate these findings and guide translational orthodontic interventions.

Background: Hypomineralisation of the first permanent molars (MIH) and second deciduous molars (HSPM) is an increasingly prevalent structural problem in paediatric patients. At the same time, the transverse palatal deficit is frequently found in that age group and necessitates early intervention. The purpose of this work is to present three new designs of the ZeroExpander, specifically developed for patients with hypomineralised teeth, which would otherwise be challenging to engage during orthodontic treatment.

Case report: The ZeroExpanders for hypomineralised teeth are customized devices, digitally designed and produced from technopolymer. They feature overlay bands that fit over the hypomineralised teeth, combined with bioactive cements that facilitates continuous remineralisation of the dental enamel. These devices apply light forces within a pre-programmed, automatic expansion framework. Three examples of ZeroExpanders are presented: one for patients with both MIH and HSPM, one for MIH alone, and one for HSPM alone. Additionally, a case is illustrated where a patient with MIH in the early permanent dentition was successfully treated.

Conclusion: The modified ZeroExpanders help preserve the integrity of both directly and indirectly involved hypomineralised teeth, including those in the lower arch. The workflow is effective and efficient, and they have the same level of effectiveness as the standard ZeroExpanders in terms of achieving the programmed expansion.

We know that ECC (Early Childhood Caries) has a multifactorial aetiology, in which dietary factors play a particularly significant role. Early childhood is a critical period during which exposure to various foods and flavours significantly shapes dietary preferences and future eating behaviours. Early dietary patterns can also influence bacterial ecology, including the colonisation of Streptococcus mutans, whose presence is a strong predictor of future caries incidence in young children. Early exposure to sugary foods and beverages can, therefore, have important consequences, laying the groundwork for future cariogenic dietary patterns or shaping acidogenic bacterial populations in the oral cavity. The American Heart Association recommends avoiding added sugars in food and beverages for children under two years of age. Furthermore, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against introducing fruit juices before 12 months of age and recommends limiting their consumption to no more than four times per week for children aged one to three years. ECC also shares common risk factors with other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Therefore, strategies for the prevention of dental caries should aim not only at ensuring proper oral hygiene but also at promoting appropriate dietary habits from early childhood- namely, limited intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and refined foods. In this context, parents can and must play a crucial role by providing their children with healthier dietary choices and behaviours. We must thus consider early childhood caries as a condition whose origins-and solutions-lie within the family environment: children learn habits from those who care for them and control what, when, and how they eat. Changing a family's dietary habits is undoubtedly challenging, but we must recognise that interventions in ECC cases-especially early forms-necessarily require a family-centred approach. It is therefore essential to work in close collaboration with experienced nutritionists to collect data on dietary habits, identify unhealthy patterns, and design balanced, healthy diets for the entire family- supporting a virtuous path toward overall, not just oral, health.

Aim: The Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SIOI) is committed to encourage all dental practitioners to provide safe and updated prevention and treatment strategies for oral diseases in paediatric patients. SIOI promotes quality communication and information to parents and caregivers for prevention and awareness of oral diseases in the paediatric population. The purpose of this SIOI Policy is to provide dental professionals with comprehensive guidance on effective use of nitrous oxide/oxygen analgesia/anxiolysis for children, ensuring that treatment decisions are based on the latest and highestquality scientific evidence.

Methods: This Policy is based on a review of current highestquality literature, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, recommendations, manuscripts and best practices published over the last 20 years. An extensive search was conducted using Pubmed® /MEDLINE, including the following parameters: nitrous oxide, oxygen, anxiolysis, relative analgesia, dental fear, anxiety, child. Papers for review were chosen from the list of articles and manuscripts which met the criteria and from references, within the selected articles and manuscripts. Recommendations were also based upon expert and consensus opinion by experienced researchers and clinicians.

Background: Infraocclusion refers to a tooth located below the occlusal surface compared to adjacent teeth long after it should have reached occlusion. Ankylosis is frequently associated with the infraocclusion of primary molars, but it is challenging to distinguish between the two conditions. Surgical luxation and orthodontic traction have been applied for the treatment of ankylosed, infraoccluded permanent teeth, but reports on primary molars are scarce.

Case report: A 5-year-old boy presented with a severely infraoccluded primary mandibular second molar with deep caries. A partial pulpotomy was performed to treat the affected tooth when the pulp was exposed after caries removal. A combination of surgical luxation and orthodontic tractionwas performed for the affected tooth, and after 5 months, the tooth successfully erupted to the occlusal level. During the follow-up period of two years, no complications were observed.

Conclusion: This report identified that surgical luxation, in conjunction with orthodontic traction, is effective and feasible for severely infraoccluded primary teeth. Additionally, partial pulpotomy may be an alternative for vital pulp therapy on primary teeth.

Aim: The study aims to assess whether the application of machine learning (ML) for database analysis enhances the approach to oral diseases in the paediatric population.

Materials: Dental caries affects 514 million children worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ML, has seen increased utilisation in medicine and dentistry, handling data beyond human capacity to discern patterns and make predictions. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Lilacs databases were searched. Topics covered include the impact of oral health on adolescents' quality of life, predictors of early childhood caries and of the need of second treatment under deep sedation, and the effectiveness of preventive dental services.

Methods: Twenty articles meeting eligibility criteria were analyzed for quality using the QUADAS-2 scale. The systematic review adhered to the PRISMA statement, yielding 20 articles out of 1945 initially screened. Fourteen articles focused on caries prediction, highlighting socio-demographic, behavioural, and biological predictors. ML analysis revealed that children with early caries lesions incur higher costs for insurers, with those receiving sealants and fluoride demonstrating greater cost savings.

Conclusion: ML algorithms can identify patterns in large datasets, enhancing approaches to paediatric oral diseases. Their integration into research and educational programs is recommended. Methodological guidelines and quality scales specific to such studies are necessary for improved scientific evidence.

Aim: This randomised controlled trial compared the clinical effectiveness of four ion-releasing restorative materials in the proximal cavities of primary molars that underwent selective caries removal.

Conclusion: Although the superiority of materials over each other could not be proven in this study, Fuji II LC appears to be more successful in terms of retention.

Aim: To examine the impact of medication on asthma treatment and the occurrence of caries cavities in children aged 3 to 15 years old (Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal). The frequency of caries cavities in 3 different groups was examined. In addition, the possible association of caries cavities with different asthmatic medication was also assessed.

Background: Asthma and caries cavities affect many children worldwide. Investigating the connection between asthma medication and the development of caries cavities is important for enhancing asthma treatment while reducing oral health risks. Exploring the relationship between asthma medication and caries cavities is compelling due to the limited number of conclusive studies on the subject.

Materials: A descriptive observational study was conducted on children aged 3 to 15 years old, who attended the immunology-allergology and dentistry services at the Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. between January 2021 and February 2022. The sample was divided into 3 groups (medicated asthmatics, unmedicated asthmatics, and healthy children without asthma). An intraoral examination was performed to collect the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) to assess the presence of caries cavities. Clinical and dietary data were supplemented with a questionnaire and medical history in all groups. All variables used were qualitative and described using absolute frequencies and percentages.

Conclusion: These results showed that anti-asthmatic medications may influence the development of caries cavities. The occurrence of caries cavities is more prominent in medicated asthmatic children when compared to unmedicated asthmatic children.

Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate, by means of statistical comparison between selected studies, the effectiveness of laser irradiation on dental erosion applied alone or in combination with anti-erosive agents (fluoride, Acidulated phosphate fluoride APF and CPP-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate CPP-ACFP), through optical profilometry and microhardness measurement.

Methods: The searching strategy was conducted according to the International PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, to answer research ques-tions regarding the effectiveness of lasers used in the context of dental erosion (such as Nd:YAG, CO2, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Diode, and Argon Ion lasers). A comprehensive and unrestricted sys-tematic searching was performed using the electronic databases of PubMed and Cochrane Library, for all articles published up to the end of January 2023. The review record was registered by the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under the identification number CRD408639.

Conclusion: Change in microhardness for the lasers group, irrespective of the type of laser used in the sample, was significantly greater compared with the one in the control group. Regards microhardness, the combination of Laser and APF gel showed promising results compared to APF gel agent.

Aim: This study assessed the effectiveness of technological aids (video modelling) versus verbal and demonstrative motivation for improving oral hygiene in paediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Materials: Consecutive patients with ASD were enrolled. Data on brushing frequency, snack intake frequency, plaque index, gum index, and Frankl scale were collected at baseline. After a tooth scaling session, patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (G1) received live brushing instructions, while Group 2 (G2) received an oral hygiene motivation video via email, created using the video modelling strategy. A follow-up evaluation was conducted after three months, with all parameters measured again for comparison.

Conclusion: Video modelling is an effective tool for motivating oral hygiene in patients with ASD, demonstrated by significant improvements in most measured parameters for the video modelling group.