European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Background: SRS is classified as a rare syndrome with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30.000/100.000 [Christoforidis A. et al., 2005]. It's a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that presents a very wide phenotypic range. Due to its heterogeneity, SRS diagnosis is difficult, and the disease is probably underdiagnosed [Eggermann T. et al., 2009].

Case report: M., a 7-year-old patient affected by SRS syndrome, comes to the first visit with a history of pain in the upper retroincisive gum due to the deep bite (gingival impingement). The pain prevents the correct chewing during meals and makes the orthodontic treatment necessary.

Conclusion: The elaboration of a personal orthodontic treatment plan allows the patient to recover the correct masticatory function and improve her facial aesthetic.

Dentists, especially paediatric dentists, should inform their young patients of the treatment to be undertaken in an appropriate and comprehensive manner. In 1989, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child - UNCRC - https://www.unicef. org/child-rights-convention/convention-text) was adopted, comprising of 54 articles concerning every aspect of a child's life, notably health, including oral health. More than 30 years after the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, both health professionals and parents still struggle to grasp this subject, resulting in its scarce application in daily practice. Children's rights have also been mentioned several times in medical and dental literature, reminding health professionals that the approach to young patients must be age-appropriate. The clinician must learn to consider children as the main protagonists in the choices concerning their health, and they must be aware of their rights from an early age. Particularly in the field of dentistry, it is a matter of guaranteeing the best dental care for every child with particular attention to the indigent or disabled (Article 23). In addition to this, the most effective and up-to-date treatment must be proposed, avoiding unnecessary extractions and favouring conservative therapy that can guarantee a better quality of life in the future, while reducing treatment under general anaesthesia. In current practice, consent to treatment is often demanded from the parents, without involving the child. However, every child has the right to freely express their opinion and be actively involved in any matter that concerns them. This opinion is expressed in different ways according to age and stage of maturity. Pictures, drawings, cartoons and videos can help the healthcare provider when explaining procedures to the young patient, thus allowing them to obtain consent and cooperation. In individual countries, it would be advisable to have guidelines that facilitate the child's active consent to health treatments. So, what happens in your country?

Aim: To assess the reliability and validity of an AI-based, innovative digital scale for the assessment of dental anxiety in children.

Background: Dental anxiety still persists as a potential problem in managing the child in the dental office. There is a need to develop a gold standard scale to measure anxiety in children incorporating newer technology. An innovative self-reported scale known as RMSDigital Anxiety Scale (RMS-DAS) incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) was developed.

Methods: Seventy-six children (aged 4-12 years) were included in the reliability group. The RMS-DAS test score was recorded on Day 1 where the child was asked to click on the expression produced by AI that matches his/her anxiety level the most at that moment. RMS-DAS retest score was recorded after 7 days. The validity group included 140 children. The anxiety scores were recorded using three scales; RMS-DAS, RMS-Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) and Facial Image Scale (FIS) during the same visit where the child was asked to click on the expression that matches his/her anxiety level the most at that moment. Reliability was assessed by the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest was assessed using paired t-test, scatterplot, and coefficient correlation. The validity of RMS-DAS was assessed by correlating it with RMS-PS and FIS using Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Conclusion: RMS-DAS is a reliable and valid scale that can be used as a new digital tool to assess children's dental anxiety.

Aim: To evaluate the acceptance of behaviour management techniques by Spanish and Colombian parents used in paediatric dentistry and the influence of factors that determine their consent during regular treatment and in emergency situations.

Materials: An anonymous questionnaire was carried out in which 9 behaviour management techniques (BMTs) used in paediatric dentistry by Spanish and Colombian parents were evaluated in cases of regular dental treatment and in emergency situations (pain and/or dental trauma). The techniques evaluated were: tell-show-do (TSD), voice control, positive reinforcement, distraction, parental presence-absence, nitrous oxide, passive and active restraint, and general anaesthesia. The questionnaire also included information on the sociodemographic information about parents and their children, previous dental experience, and dental anxiety of the parents. The data were analysed using SPSSTM software, r. 26 of IBMTM. A value of p≤ 0.05 was considered as statically significant.

Results: A total sample of 124 questionnaire (62 from each country) was obtained. The basic BMT were the most accepted in both countries, especially by Spanish parents. In emergency situations, statistically significant differences were obtained in the acceptance of nitrous oxide and general anesthesia compared to their use in routine treatments (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the preference of the techniques in relation to the age of the children or parental dental anxiety (p>0.05). An association was found between the socioeconomic status and the acceptance of nitrous oxide (p=0.005) and general anesthesia (p=0.004).

Conclusion: The basic techniques were the most accepted by Spanish and Colombian parents. However, the Spanish parents had a better perception of both types of techniques compared to the Colombians. Their preference was influenced by factors such as annual income and need for urgent treatment of their children.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a mobile phone application to facilitate oral hygiene practices in children with ADHD.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled study that included 54 ADHD children after obtaining informed parental consent. The children were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group 1 (conventional) participants were instructed verbally as well as demonstrated the brushing technique on models. Group 2 (mobile phone application) participants were made to download and use the 'BRUSH DJ' app developed by Ben Underwood. At baseline, the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) [Greene and Vermillion, 1964] of each child was evaluated clinically and the parents were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding the oral hygiene practices followed by their child every day. At the end of the second, sixth, and twelfth week, the parents were asked to fill the same questionnaire in addition to the evaluation of the OHI-S index.

Results: A significant difference was found in the brushing time, brushing frequency, and OHI-S index between group 1 and group 2 at the end of 12 weeks. (unpaired t-test, p<0.05)

Conclusion: The mobile phone application proved to be an effective tool in captivating the attention of these children and thus improving their oral health.

Aim: The correlation between malocclusions in deciduous dentition and type of breastfeeding has been described by many authors in numerous articles. The aim of this article is to investigate the literature about this important topic.

Materials: The research was conducted by querying the following databases: PubMed, EBMR, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Medline, Web of Sciences, Ovid and Embase. The key words were: "infant" OR "baby", AND "breastfeeding" AND "malocclusion". As with similar literature review papers, the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Protocols) was used. The examined articles were of the following types: randomised controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies and cohort studies. For the qualitative analysis of the selected studies, it was employed the NOS scale (Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale).

Conclusion: Two hundred and fifty articles were selected. After filtering out the articles deemed irrelevant or with obvious bias, only 16 articles were left. From our results, it can be concluded that breastfeeding seems to play a decisive role in preventing the onset of posterior cross-bites and Class II malocclusions, and that this protective effect appears to be time-dependent.

Aim: To compare the effects on permanent or deciduous anchorage dental units in patients treated with a digitally designed palatal expander.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were the following: presence of maxillary transverse deficiency, no previous orthodontic treatment, no extractions, absence of agenesis, congenital pathologies and cranio-maxillofacial malformations. Twenty patients (11 males, 9 females, 11 ± 1.8 years) received a digitally designed and metal printed palatal expander anchored on first permanent molars and 1 activation per day for 30 days (Group 1). Twenty-one patients (12 males, 9 females, 8.6 ± 1.4 years) received a digitally designed and metal printed palatal expander anchored on second deciduous molars and 2 activations per day for 14 days (Group 2). Digital intraoral scans were taken before expansion and after device removal, and torque and the palatal transverse diameter were digitally measured. The FDI notation was used to indicate each tooth CONCLUSION: Less dental torque augmentation was produced in Group 2.

Results: Significant intragroup differences over time were found in Group 1 considering the torque of teeth 1.6, 1.4, 1.3, 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6. Significant differences between groups were found regarding the longitudinal change in torque of teeth 1.5, 2.4 and 2.5. Significant intragroup differences over time were found in both groups considering all transverse diameter parameters. No significant differences were found between groups in the transverse diameter modifications over time.

Conclusion: Less dental torque augmentation was produced in Group 2.

Aim: To evaluate the presence and status of retained DM2 without permanent successors in relation to age.

Background: Preservation of retained deciduous second molars (DM2) can be applied to treat congenital absence of second premolars (PM2). However, the consequences of caries and progressing root resorption or infraocclusion may affect their survival.

Methods: Panoramic radiographs of individuals >10 years of age with agenesis of at least one PM2 were evaluated and divided into three groups according to age. The presence and location of retained DM2, caries/restorations, infraocclusion and root resorption were investigated.

Results: A total of 131 subjects with PM2 agenesis were included (mean age: 13 years 11 months). The majority were missing one or two PM2. In total, 174 retained DM2 were present (33%), and their incidence was higher in the younger age groups. Caries/restorations were found in 88 (50.6%) and infraocclusion in 21 (12%) retained DM2. The roots were resorbed mostly for ½ of the root length (35%).

Conclusion: Long-term prognosis of retained DM2 without permanent successors seems uncertain, especially within the younger age group. In individuals older than 17 years, the prognosis for a healthy DM2 is favorable, if no distinct infraocclusion or extensive root resorption is present.