European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

A healthy and balanced diet should be promoted already in childhood, a crucial period for the psychophysical development of the individual. In particular, the consumption of free sugars and soft drinks in children and adolescents should not exceed the current WHO recommendations. This trend is very difficult to counter as the preference for sweet flavours is innate and often further reinforced by pre- and post-natal exposure and aggressive marketing. Unfortunately, sugar consumption continues to grow alarmingly due in part to the easy availability of foods and drinks rich in added sugars from vending machines, supermarkets and fast-food restaurants. Recently, the WHO (with the recommendations included in the QR Code below and in the following link: WHO recommends stronger policies to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing) pointed out how exposure to food marketing affects children's health, eating behaviours and beliefs about food, thus becoming a real threat to public health. Among the proposals made, it is interesting to note the need for national governments to "curb the persuasive power of food marketing" by limiting the use of cartoons and other techniques that appeal to children, such as the inclusion of toys in packaging or advertisements with songs and celebrity endorsements. It is already evident in the literature that an excessive intake of sugar predisposes children to a number of pathological conditions that in the long term may favour the onset not only of carious disease but also obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular and dysmetabolic diseases. As paediatric dentists, sugar-related dietary excesses are already very obvious to us since it is mainly these that drive young patients to our clinics. In our privileged position, we should therefore increasingly promote knowledge on the possible correlations between excessive sugar consumption and the onset of these diseases, drawing the attention of parents of young patients to all foods that are harmful to their growing children. Therefore, let us welcome these new guidelines promoted by the WHO to protect children and adolescents from the harmful impact of food marketing; and may we not miss the opportunity to share and promote this important battle for future generations!

Aim: Patient compliance is of paramount importance for proper dental treatment, which can be difficult to achieve in children due to anxiety and fear, hindering the therapeutic procedure. In addition to well-known sedation methods (pharmacological and nitrous oxide), further methods of approach are being tested, such as hypnotherapy.

Materials: The sample consisted of 150 children (90 males, 60 females). Paper questionnaires, frequency meter, nitrous oxide dispenser in association with the use of the television were exploited. At the end of treatment, subjective pain was assessed using the VAS scale, while objective pain was assessed using the FLACC scale and heart rate. This made it possible to compare two experimental groups, one treated with nitrous oxide, and the other with hypnotherapy. The control group was treated with classic behavioural approach techniques. The results obtained were analysed by SPSS Software (Statistical Package for Social Science, version 27) and the inferences between the results were calculated for confirmation.

Conclusion: Hypnotherapy can be a valid substitute for nitrous oxide in paediatric dentistry.

Aim: This study is aimed to investigate the oral hygiene practice, knowledge and attitude of young adults, assessing their awareness about the impact of a certain "risk" behaviour on their oral and dental health.

Materials: This is a cross-sectional survey study conducted on 829 students (350 males and 479 females, mean age 13-20 years) attending high school in Milan and surrounding areas. They were asked to complete anonymous questionnaire during the first semester of the 2019-2020 school year, under the supervision of a teacher and/or an assigned interviewer. The questionnaire was created by "Laboratorio Adolescenza", in collaboration with the International Alliance of Responsible Drinking (IARD) Research Institute and the University of Milan. All of the data was compiled into table or graph form and analysed.

Conclusion: There is a general awareness among Italian school children about the risks of bad oral habits, however, there is a need to improve the oral health knowledge, attitude and practices in the target population with emphasis on improvement of oral hygiene practices.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the skeletal and dento-alveolar changes produced by a customised eruption guidance appliance (EGA) and a preformed EGA in subjects presenting a skeletal class II pattern during early mixed dentition and to evaluate the differences between the two devices.

Methods: All subjects included in the study were randomly selected from the record's archive according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) patients presenting upper central incisor and first permanent molars fully erupted; (2) early mixed dentition with age between 7 to 9 years old; (3) Angle class I or class II malocclusion; (4) increased overjet > 4 mm;(5) deep bite with at least 2/3 overlapping of the incisors; (6) no previous orthodontic treatment apart from maxillary expansion treatment. All children belonging to the case group received treatment with a 3D printed EGA whereas the other patients belonging to the control group were treated with preformed EGA. Records consisted in digital dental models and lateral cephalogram at the beginning (T0) and after 1 year of treatment (T1). Data collected on the digital models included the dentoalveolar changes in overbite, overjet, sagittal molar relationship, and dental crowding. Cephalometric tracings were computed by a single blinded observer using Dolphin Imaging software. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 25.00; IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Comparison regarding the cephalometric changes between T1-T2 was carried out with paired t-test. Difference in distribution regarding sagittal molar and canine relationship and anterior crowding between groups at T1 and T2 has been computed with chi-square test. The independent sample t-test was used to perform the between group comparison.

Conclusion: In the short time, both the appliances showed to be effective in correcting class II malocclusion, anterior crowding, overjet and overbite. Custom-made appliance demonstrated to be significantly more effective in correcting anterior crowding, the dento-skeletal vertical relation and position of permanent incisor compared to the preformed appliance. Adopting a customised device, effects due to an average prescription appliance used to a specific patient can be reduced, resulting in more predictable results.

Background: Otodental syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterised by a dental phenotype known as globodontia often associated with high-frequency hearing loss. Globodontia occurs both in the decidous and permanent dentition and affects canine and molar teeth.

Aim: To explore the relationship between parents' education levels, children obesity, children oral health and oral-related sleep disorders.

Background: Prevention of oral diseases in children is important for their long-term health. Parents play a crucial role in the health and wellness of their children. As such, it is important for parents to be well-informed about the importance of their children's oral health, as well as the steps they can take to ensure that their children receive the best possible care.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study. At the time of enrollment data regarding parents' employment status and parents' education level were collected. We also collected BMI and anamnestic data regarding the presence or not of oral-related sleep disorders in the last 3 months: snoring, chronic mouth breathing, sleep bruxism. Oral health was also evaluated for each subject through the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index.

Conclusion: Parents' education levels influence several health outcomes, including oral health and the risk of obesity. In turn, obesity can represent a risk factor for oral-related sleep disturbances. Parents play a crucial role in the health and wellness of their children. As such, it is important for parents to be knowledgeable about the importance of their children's health, as well as the steps they can take to ensure that their children receive the best possible care.

Background: Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare developmental disorder characterised by facial dysmorphism, genital and limb anomalies as well as disproportionate acromelic short stature. Clinical diagnosis is based on physical examination and the presence of the most characteristic clinical signs. The diagnosis can be finally confirmed by molecular tests, which identify mutations in the FGD1 gene.

Case report: The report outlines the orthodontic treatment of a 6-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with AAS syndrome. He presents all facial and oral clinical signs of this syndrome. The extent of maxillary hypoplasia and early dental crowding are so significant that immediate expansion therapy is required.

Conclusion: Dental management of patients with AAS syndrome represents a challenge for paediatric dentists. The key to improving a patient's aesthetic, functional and psychological condition is making the correct orthodontic decision.

Aim: In this study we present the new postoperative oro-myofunctional protocol following frenectomy by atmospheric plasma associated with a systemic postural approach, which determines functional recovery through body symmetry restoration based on the concepts of the French "Mezieres Method" and postural bench.

Methods: A total of 130 patients (76 female, 54 male) affected by ankyloglossia of class III/IV, according to Kotlow's Tongue Tie Classification have been treated with atmospheric plasma followed by oro-myofunctional therapy associated with a systemic postural approach. The overall change, improved/worsened speech, feeding, or sleep has been evaluated through the 10 points Parents Speech Satisfaction (PSS) Score after one week and two months.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current investigation, myofunctional therapy in tongue-tie results in a consistent significant functional ameliorating of feeding capability, speech and sleeping of subject treated as reported with traditional oro-myofunctional therapy.

Background: Bruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscles activity whose definition is being thoroughly reviewed in recent years. As in adults, two different forms of bruxism exist in children, namely awake and sleep bruxism. Scarcity of data, however,still persists about paediatric bruxism and no clear consensus has been developed. Therefore, the current review overviews the literature on bruxism in children tries to outline the state of art about this condition METHODS: Bruxism affects from 5% to 50% of the worldwide paediatric population. Sleep disturbances, parafunctional habits and psycho-social factors emerged to be the most likely associated factors with paediatric bruxism. Bruxism is characterised by several signs and symptoms variously combined, such as tooth wear and fractures, teeth impressions on soft tissues, temporomandibular disorders, headaches, behavioural and sleep disorders. About diagnosis, the most reliable tool in children remains the report of teeth grinding by parents or caregivers which must be accompanied by oral interview and accurate clinical examination. Electromyography and sleep polysomnography, albeit suitable in the diagnostic process, are not easy-to-use in children and are not strongly recommended. Currently, no evidence exists to support any kind of therapeutic options for bruxism in children. Management should be based on the identification of the underlying condition and conservative approaches are recommendable.

Conclusion: Notwithstanding the high prevalence, several aspects need to be further assessed in paediatric bruxism. Parental reports are still the most suitable diagnostic tool and conservative approaches are recommended in the management. Bruxism should be considered through a biopsychosocial model, and sleep, personality traits, stress and headaches are the factors towards whom research questions must be addressed to improve diagnosis and management.