European journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

Aim: To explore the relationship between parents' education levels, children obesity, children oral health and oral-related sleep disorders.

Background: Prevention of oral diseases in children is important for their long-term health. Parents play a crucial role in the health and wellness of their children. As such, it is important for parents to be well-informed about the importance of their children's oral health, as well as the steps they can take to ensure that their children receive the best possible care.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study. At the time of enrollment data regarding parents' employment status and parents' education level were collected. We also collected BMI and anamnestic data regarding the presence or not of oral-related sleep disorders in the last 3 months: snoring, chronic mouth breathing, sleep bruxism. Oral health was also evaluated for each subject through the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index.

Conclusion: Parents' education levels influence several health outcomes, including oral health and the risk of obesity. In turn, obesity can represent a risk factor for oral-related sleep disturbances. Parents play a crucial role in the health and wellness of their children. As such, it is important for parents to be knowledgeable about the importance of their children's health, as well as the steps they can take to ensure that their children receive the best possible care.

Background: Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare developmental disorder characterised by facial dysmorphism, genital and limb anomalies as well as disproportionate acromelic short stature. Clinical diagnosis is based on physical examination and the presence of the most characteristic clinical signs. The diagnosis can be finally confirmed by molecular tests, which identify mutations in the FGD1 gene.

Case report: The report outlines the orthodontic treatment of a 6-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with AAS syndrome. He presents all facial and oral clinical signs of this syndrome. The extent of maxillary hypoplasia and early dental crowding are so significant that immediate expansion therapy is required.

Conclusion: Dental management of patients with AAS syndrome represents a challenge for paediatric dentists. The key to improving a patient's aesthetic, functional and psychological condition is making the correct orthodontic decision.

Aim: In this study we present the new postoperative oro-myofunctional protocol following frenectomy by atmospheric plasma associated with a systemic postural approach, which determines functional recovery through body symmetry restoration based on the concepts of the French "Mezieres Method" and postural bench.

Methods: A total of 130 patients (76 female, 54 male) affected by ankyloglossia of class III/IV, according to Kotlow's Tongue Tie Classification have been treated with atmospheric plasma followed by oro-myofunctional therapy associated with a systemic postural approach. The overall change, improved/worsened speech, feeding, or sleep has been evaluated through the 10 points Parents Speech Satisfaction (PSS) Score after one week and two months.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current investigation, myofunctional therapy in tongue-tie results in a consistent significant functional ameliorating of feeding capability, speech and sleeping of subject treated as reported with traditional oro-myofunctional therapy.

Background: Bruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscles activity whose definition is being thoroughly reviewed in recent years. As in adults, two different forms of bruxism exist in children, namely awake and sleep bruxism. Scarcity of data, however,still persists about paediatric bruxism and no clear consensus has been developed. Therefore, the current review overviews the literature on bruxism in children tries to outline the state of art about this condition METHODS: Bruxism affects from 5% to 50% of the worldwide paediatric population. Sleep disturbances, parafunctional habits and psycho-social factors emerged to be the most likely associated factors with paediatric bruxism. Bruxism is characterised by several signs and symptoms variously combined, such as tooth wear and fractures, teeth impressions on soft tissues, temporomandibular disorders, headaches, behavioural and sleep disorders. About diagnosis, the most reliable tool in children remains the report of teeth grinding by parents or caregivers which must be accompanied by oral interview and accurate clinical examination. Electromyography and sleep polysomnography, albeit suitable in the diagnostic process, are not easy-to-use in children and are not strongly recommended. Currently, no evidence exists to support any kind of therapeutic options for bruxism in children. Management should be based on the identification of the underlying condition and conservative approaches are recommendable.

Conclusion: Notwithstanding the high prevalence, several aspects need to be further assessed in paediatric bruxism. Parental reports are still the most suitable diagnostic tool and conservative approaches are recommended in the management. Bruxism should be considered through a biopsychosocial model, and sleep, personality traits, stress and headaches are the factors towards whom research questions must be addressed to improve diagnosis and management.

Aim: Dental treatment of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is challenging due to difficulties in social interactions, hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli, various degrees of cognitive and developmental issues, poor collaboration, limited capacity to manage emotions, stereotyped movements, hyperactivity, limited adaptation to new situations and environments. Data on the type of treatment required are scarce. This study investigates the oral health status of ASD patients, the possibilities of chair treatment and the need for dental treatments under general anaesthesia (GA).

Methods: One hundred sixty-nine medical records, from 2005 to 2018, of patients with ASD were examined. Patients undergoing chair or general anaesthesia were assigned to two groups according age (younger or older than 14 years old). The level of cooperation was classified into four categories: none, poor, fair, good.

Conclusion: Primary prevention, setting up a routine oral hygiene at home and regular dental examinations, internalised like a habit by patients, are the main instruments to maintain oral health in ASD patients. When non-cooperative patients need urgent treatment, safe and high-level dental therapies should be performed under GA.

Aim: The aim was to compare the degree of back symmetry in two groups of subjects with and without pathologic facial asymmetry and to assess any possible associations between face and back asymmetry evaluated on three-dimensional surface face and back scans.

Materials and methods: The study design consisted of allocation of 70 subjects (35 females, 35 males) aged 6.4±0.5 years, according to the percentage of whole face symmetry assessed on three-dimensional (3D) facial scans into a 'symmetric' (symG; symmetry ≥70%) and 'asymmetric'(asymG; symmetry <70%). The 3D face and back scans were analysed using colour deviation maps and percentages of symmetry of the whole face and back surfaces as well as their three separate areas: forehead, maxillary and mandibular areas for the face and neck, upper and middle trunk areas for the back, were calculated. Non-parametric statistical tests were used for between-group comparisons (Mann-Whitney U test). Within each group, differences between each face or back area were tested with the Friedman test. Correlations between face and back symmetry were assessed with the Spearman rho coefficient.

Results: The symG exhibited a significantly higher symmetry in each facial area than the asymG. The mandibular area was the least symmetric area of the face within each group, with significantly smaller values than the maxillary area in the symG and significantly smaller values than the forehead and maxillary area in the asymG. The percentage of whole back symmetry did not significantly differ (p>0.05) between the symG ( 82.00% [67.4;88.00]) and asymG (74.3% [66.1;79.6]). The only significant between-group difference was observed for the symmetry of the upper trunk area (p=0.021), with lower symmetry values in the asymG. No significant associations were detected between face and back parameters.

Conclusion: The percentages of symmetry in each facial area were significantly higher among subjects without pathologic facial asymmetry. The most asymmetric area of the face, regardless of the degree of whole face symmetry, was its mandibular area. No significant differences were detected within different back areas; however, subjects with asymmetric faces showed significantly smaller symmetry of their upper trunk area.

Aim: Recently, serious considerations regarding mental health conditions and their impact on the whole organism have been made. This area is still quite unknown within the dental community, despite the potential impact these conditions can have on both oral care and health. Previous studies have concluded that both pregnant women and mothers have been found to be particularly sensitive to the risk of developing mental disorders such as anxiety and major depression. There is a very high possibility for the children of these mothers to experience neglect and disregard due to of the development of these conditions, which will negatively affect their behavioural and physical growth as a result. This impact stretches into oral health as well, as these children have been reported to be more inclined to develop early childhood caries, bruxism, and after-birth enamel defects, in addition to illnesses like diabetes and disabilities.

Materials: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Medline, and Scopus for the keywords 'maternal depression', 'oral health' and 'children', combined with 'AND' or 'OR' Boolean Operators.

Conclusion: The results of the present literature suggest a strong connection between maternal mental disorders and poor children's oral care, and as a result, dental professionals should be extremely careful when treating and communicating with these patients.

Aim: Aim of this study was to analyse and compare the social perception of children with healthy teeth, visible dental caries and visible dental treatments by children (with and without caries experience) and their parents.

Methods: Images of three children (healthy teeth; untreated dental caries; treated caries i.e. restorations and missing teeth as consequence of caries treatment) were presented to fourto nine-years-old children with (n = 92) or without caries experience (n = 88) and their parents. The social perception was measured with a standardised interview (children) and a standardised questionnaire (parents). The results were statistically analysed by Wilcoxon signed-rank, Wilcoxon ranksum and chi-squared-tests (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Children and adults perceived children with (un)treated visible dental caries less positively than children with healthy teeth.

Aim: This study aims to find the prevalence of MIH in children in the city of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates, utilising the current standardised guidelines for diagnosis and calibration.

Background: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) prevalence in paediatric patients has been widely studied. However, most of the available studies have utilised criteria that did not offer consistent diagnostic and calibration tools, which resulted in incomparable results.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. One hundred sixty-two school children aged 7-9 years in the city of Fujairah, UAE have been randomly selected and orally examined for the presence of MIH lesions. This was conducted following Ghanim et al. [2015] guidelines and after calibrating examiners following Ghanim et al. [2017] training manual.

Conclusion: MIH prevalence was high in the city of Fujairah, UAE. More studies utilising the standardised criteria are required for valid comparisons. Further research on the aetiology of MIH is also needed.

Background: The presence of the parent could influence the behaviour of the child during the dental visit. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the Parental Presence- Absence Technique (PPAT) on the behaviour of anxious children receiving dental restoration under local anaesthesia.

Methods: A cohort prospective observational study of a statistically calculated sample size with 80% power, recruited 84 anxious children ages 6-9-year-old who scored ≥26 on the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) over two visits. Forty-two children were allocated to either the Parental Presence (PP) or the Parental Absence (PA) group to have one composite restoration under local anaesthesia.

Statistical analysis: A two-sample t-test was used to compare differences in the mean of ACDAS between the PP and the PA groups, and between boys and girls. The P-value of ≤0.05 was set for a statistically significant result.

Conclusion: The use of the PPAT in children aged 6-9- year appears to be an effective method to improve children's behaviour when having dental restorations under local anaesthesia.