Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200202000-00010
L. Ovesen
smelly science What to say and what to do when mostly your friends love reading? Are you the one that don't have such hobby? So, it's important for you to start having that hobby. You know, reading is not the force. We're sure that reading will lead you to join in better concept of life. Reading will be a positive activity to do every time. And do you know our friends become fans of smelly science as the best book to read? Yeah, it's neither an obligation nor order. It is the referred book that will not make you feel disappointed.
{"title":"Smelly science.","authors":"L. Ovesen","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200202000-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200202000-00010","url":null,"abstract":"smelly science What to say and what to do when mostly your friends love reading? Are you the one that don't have such hobby? So, it's important for you to start having that hobby. You know, reading is not the force. We're sure that reading will lead you to join in better concept of life. Reading will be a positive activity to do every time. And do you know our friends become fans of smelly science as the best book to read? Yeah, it's neither an obligation nor order. It is the referred book that will not make you feel disappointed.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"55 1","pages":"67-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88856206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200202000-00017
{"title":"Optimizing strategies for the detection of gene-nutrient interactions in the aetiology of colorectal neoplasia: discussion and conclusions from the ECP consensus-forming workshop. Brussels, 25-26 September 2000.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200202000-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200202000-00017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"100 1","pages":"111-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88020046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200112000-00009
L. Ovesen
{"title":"Christmas in science.","authors":"L. Ovesen","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200112000-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200112000-00009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"57 1","pages":"535-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87251844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200112000-00002
M. Conio, R. Filiberti, S. Blanchi, A. Giacosa
Barrett's oesophagus is a precancerous condition in which the normal squamous epithelium is replaced by intestinal metaplasia (IM). IM can then progress through increasingly severe dysplasia to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In the gastric cardia the normal gastric mucosa, when inflamed (carditis), can be replaced by IM and can then progress to gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The same histopathological sequence can take place on either side of the oesophagogastric junction. Since the location of that junction can be uncertain this can result in confused diagnosis between EAC and GAC. In this review, the diagnostic criteria, incidence and risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus and carditis are discussed, together with the factors determining the risk of progression to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia. The risk factors include familial/genetic, environmental and dietary characteristics. Finally, these risk factors are discussed within the context of cancer prevention.
{"title":"Carditis, intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma of oesophagogastric junction.","authors":"M. Conio, R. Filiberti, S. Blanchi, A. Giacosa","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200112000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200112000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"Barrett's oesophagus is a precancerous condition in which the normal squamous epithelium is replaced by intestinal metaplasia (IM). IM can then progress through increasingly severe dysplasia to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In the gastric cardia the normal gastric mucosa, when inflamed (carditis), can be replaced by IM and can then progress to gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The same histopathological sequence can take place on either side of the oesophagogastric junction. Since the location of that junction can be uncertain this can result in confused diagnosis between EAC and GAC. In this review, the diagnostic criteria, incidence and risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus and carditis are discussed, together with the factors determining the risk of progression to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia. The risk factors include familial/genetic, environmental and dietary characteristics. Finally, these risk factors are discussed within the context of cancer prevention.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"16 1","pages":"483-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89472638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200112000-00010
M. Allam, R. A. Lucena
The issue of a possible association between polyŽ . chlorinated biphenyls PCBs and increased risk of breast cancer is important. Numerous epidemiological studies have examined the relationship, but the Ž results are not consistent Moysich et al., 1998; Dorgan et al., 1999; Aronson et al., 2000; Stellman et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2000; Laden et al., 2001a; . Lucena et al., 2001 . Meanwhile, experimental studies had demonstrated that some PCBs have oestrogenic activity and enhance proliferation of breast Ž tumour cells Safe, 1992; Jansen et al., 1993; Wolff . and Toniolo, 1995 . Ž . Recently, Laden et al. 2001b reported no relationship based on results of pooled analysis of five Ž US studies. Total PCBs, and only few PCB n-118, . 138, 153 and 180 were analysed in serum. Meanwhile, it is feasible to use blood sera to obtain and analyse PCBs. Adipose tissue PCB levels have been regarded as a preferred indicator of human exposure. Levels in breast adipose tissue are known to be higher and more representative of the cumulative internal exposure at the target site for breast cancer ŽArchibeque-Engle et al., 1997; Angulo et al., 1999; . Lopez-Carrillo et al., 1999 . Archibeque-Engle et al. Ž . 1997 did not find a significant relationship between serum concentrations and tissue residues for 15 compounds analysed. Based on the lack of correlation between breast adipose tissue and serum, as well as an absence of some compound residues in serum, the authors emphasized that adipose tissue should be analysed in addition to serum to fully understand the relationship between organochlorine compounds and breast cancer. In adipose tissue a positive association with indiŽ vidual PCBs has been demonstrated Aronson et al., . 2000; Stellman et al., 2000; Lucena et al., 2001 . However, in a hospital-based case control study, Ž . Zheng et al. 2000 , analysing nine PCBs in breast fat, reached the conclusion that PCBs are not a risk factor for breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with PCBs varies according to specific PCB Ž . congeners Safe, 1992 , and Zheng et al. mentioned a possible carcinogenic effect based on the total level of PCBs after failure to find positive association with individual congeners. We think that every PCB could have a different effect on human cells, and some have oestrogenic activity while others have anti-oestrogenic activity. Therefore, the conclusions of Zheng et al. are not justified, especially considering that among all PCBs evaluated the only potentially oestrogenic PCB was PCB n-187. Furthermore, Ž the study included fewer controls than cases 186 . versus 304 , making the possibility of demonstrating such risk, if present, more difficult. In a similar hospital-based case control study, we measured the levels of eleven PCB congeners in breast fat of all women subjected to surgical interference because of breast lumps, in our university Ž hospital over a 10-month period Lucena et al., . 2001 . A highly positive association was fou
polyŽ之间可能存在联系的问题。氯联苯多氯联苯和乳腺癌风险增加是很重要的许多流行病学研究已经检验了这种关系，但Ž的结果并不一致Moysich et al.， 1998;Dorgan et al.， 1999;阿伦森等人，2000;Stellman et al.， 2000;郑等，2000;Laden et al.， 2001;． Lucena et al.， 2001。同时，实验研究表明，一些多氯联苯具有雌激素活性并促进乳腺肿瘤细胞的增殖Ž Safe, 1992;Jansen等人，1993;沃尔夫。Toniolo, 1995。Ž。最近，Laden et al. 2001b根据美国Ž五项研究的汇总分析结果报道，两者之间没有关系。PCB总数，只有少数PCB n-118，血清分析138例、153例和180例。同时，利用血清获取和分析多氯联苯也是可行的。脂肪组织多氯联苯水平被认为是人类暴露的首选指标。已知乳房脂肪组织中的水平更高，更能代表乳腺癌靶部位的累积内部暴露ŽArchibeque-Engle等人，1997;Angulo et al.， 1999;． Lopez-Carrillo et al.， 1999。Archibeque-Engle等人Ž。1997年分析的15种化合物的血清浓度和组织残留之间没有发现显著的关系。鉴于乳腺脂肪组织与血清之间缺乏相关性，且血清中缺乏某些化合物残留，作者强调，除血清外，还应分析脂肪组织，以充分了解有机氯化合物与乳腺癌之间的关系。在脂肪组织中，已证实与indiŽ个体多氯联苯呈正相关。2000;Stellman et al.， 2000;Lucena et al.， 2001。然而，在一项基于医院的病例对照研究中，Ž。郑等人在2000年分析了乳房脂肪中的9种多氯联苯，得出结论，多氯联苯不是乳腺癌的危险因素。与多氯联苯相关的乳腺癌风险因具体的多氯联苯而异Ž。同源物Safe, 1992，和Zheng等人在未能发现与个体同源物的正相关后，基于多氯联苯的总水平提出了可能的致癌作用。我们认为每种多氯联苯可能对人体细胞有不同的影响，有些具有雌激素活性，而另一些具有抗雌激素活性。因此，Zheng等人的结论是不合理的，特别是考虑到在所有被评估的多氯联苯中，唯一可能具有雌激素作用的多氯联苯是PCB n-187。此外，Ž该研究的对照组少于186例。与304相比，如果存在这种风险，证明这种风险的可能性就更困难了。在一项类似的以医院为基础的病例对照研究中，我们测量了在我校Ž医院因乳房肿块而接受手术干预的所有妇女乳房脂肪中11种多氯联苯同系物的水平，为期10个月。2001年。发现乳腺癌风险与多氯联苯n-28之间存在高度正相关，而郑等人并未测量多氯联苯。虽然我们的研究结果是基于较小的样本量，但在多变量分析中发现PCB n-28是最显著的风险因素，比值比为9.6，相当Ž。满意置信区间95% CI 3.8, 24.4。基于这些发现，我们希望引起人们对发达国家乳腺癌发病率上升的关注，因为那里有大量妇女接触多氯联苯。这一领域的进一步研究是必要的，特别是研究个体同源基因对人类细胞有不同影响的可能性。
{"title":"Breast cancer and PCBs: true or false association?","authors":"M. Allam, R. A. Lucena","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200112000-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200112000-00010","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of a possible association between polyŽ . chlorinated biphenyls PCBs and increased risk of breast cancer is important. Numerous epidemiological studies have examined the relationship, but the Ž results are not consistent Moysich et al., 1998; Dorgan et al., 1999; Aronson et al., 2000; Stellman et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2000; Laden et al., 2001a; . Lucena et al., 2001 . Meanwhile, experimental studies had demonstrated that some PCBs have oestrogenic activity and enhance proliferation of breast Ž tumour cells Safe, 1992; Jansen et al., 1993; Wolff . and Toniolo, 1995 . Ž . Recently, Laden et al. 2001b reported no relationship based on results of pooled analysis of five Ž US studies. Total PCBs, and only few PCB n-118, . 138, 153 and 180 were analysed in serum. Meanwhile, it is feasible to use blood sera to obtain and analyse PCBs. Adipose tissue PCB levels have been regarded as a preferred indicator of human exposure. Levels in breast adipose tissue are known to be higher and more representative of the cumulative internal exposure at the target site for breast cancer ŽArchibeque-Engle et al., 1997; Angulo et al., 1999; . Lopez-Carrillo et al., 1999 . Archibeque-Engle et al. Ž . 1997 did not find a significant relationship between serum concentrations and tissue residues for 15 compounds analysed. Based on the lack of correlation between breast adipose tissue and serum, as well as an absence of some compound residues in serum, the authors emphasized that adipose tissue should be analysed in addition to serum to fully understand the relationship between organochlorine compounds and breast cancer. In adipose tissue a positive association with indiŽ vidual PCBs has been demonstrated Aronson et al., . 2000; Stellman et al., 2000; Lucena et al., 2001 . However, in a hospital-based case control study, Ž . Zheng et al. 2000 , analysing nine PCBs in breast fat, reached the conclusion that PCBs are not a risk factor for breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with PCBs varies according to specific PCB Ž . congeners Safe, 1992 , and Zheng et al. mentioned a possible carcinogenic effect based on the total level of PCBs after failure to find positive association with individual congeners. We think that every PCB could have a different effect on human cells, and some have oestrogenic activity while others have anti-oestrogenic activity. Therefore, the conclusions of Zheng et al. are not justified, especially considering that among all PCBs evaluated the only potentially oestrogenic PCB was PCB n-187. Furthermore, Ž the study included fewer controls than cases 186 . versus 304 , making the possibility of demonstrating such risk, if present, more difficult. In a similar hospital-based case control study, we measured the levels of eleven PCB congeners in breast fat of all women subjected to surgical interference because of breast lumps, in our university Ž hospital over a 10-month period Lucena et al., . 2001 . A highly positive association was fou","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"20 1","pages":"539-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81210427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200110000-00001
M. Hill
{"title":"Food additives, contaminants and cancer.","authors":"M. Hill","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200110000-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200110000-00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"75 2 1","pages":"387-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90970729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00012
F. Schweinsberg
Until recently, phytoprotectants were considered almost exclusively with regard to their toxicological potency. In table 4 of Principles and Methods of Ž . Toxicology Hayes, 1994 , entitled ‘Certain carcinogens and mutagens in the diet’, the following compounds are listed, in addition to mycotoxins, alcohol and cooked food carcinogens: allylisothiocyanate, caffeine and theobromine, flavonoids, d-limonene and polyphenols. These are phytoprotectants, the anticarcinogenic actions of which are increasingly coming under discussion. The problems in determining the risk of cancer that is connected with diet were illustrated in 1981 by Doll and Peto. Using all available epidemiological data it was shown to be in the range of 10 70%. The impact of this paradigm on health was discussed at the Vienna Conference under an impressing international audience. The culinary uses of protective compounds in the diet were applied by the Austrian master cook, Reinhold Gerer, in a truly masterly and delicate benefit dinner in favour of the Institute of Cancer Research, University of Vienna. In this way it was demonstrated convincingly how good healthy food can taste. The director of the Institute of Cancer Research, Professor Dr SchulteHermann and all participants of the meeting finally congratulated Professor Dr Knasmuller and his cö workers for the excellent organization and quality of the conference. An attempt will now be made to summarize and comment on selected contributions to the meeting.
直到最近，植物保护剂几乎完全被认为是毒理学效力。原理和方法见Ž表4。毒理学Hayes, 1994年，题为“饮食中的某些致癌物和诱变剂”，除了霉菌毒素、酒精和熟食致癌物外，还列出了以下化合物:丙烯异硫氰酸酯、咖啡因和可可碱、类黄酮、d-柠檬烯和多酚。这些都是植物保护剂，它们的抗癌作用越来越受到人们的讨论。1981年，Doll和Peto阐述了确定与饮食有关的癌症风险的问题。利用所有现有的流行病学数据显示，这一比例在10 - 70%的范围内。维也纳会议在令人印象深刻的国际听众面前讨论了这一范式对卫生的影响。奥地利厨师大师莱因霍尔德·格尔(Reinhold Gerer)为维也纳大学癌症研究所(Institute of Cancer Research, University of Vienna)举办了一场真正精湛而精致的慈善晚宴，将饮食中保护化合物的烹饪用途应用于其中。这样就令人信服地证明了健康食品的味道有多好。癌症研究所所长SchulteHermann教授和所有与会人员最后对Knasmuller教授和cö工作人员出色的组织和高质量的会议表示祝贺。现在将尝试总结和评论对会议的某些贡献。
{"title":"International conference on dietary factors: cancer causes and prevention, Vienna, 14-17 February 2001.","authors":"F. Schweinsberg","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200108000-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200108000-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, phytoprotectants were considered almost exclusively with regard to their toxicological potency. In table 4 of Principles and Methods of Ž . Toxicology Hayes, 1994 , entitled ‘Certain carcinogens and mutagens in the diet’, the following compounds are listed, in addition to mycotoxins, alcohol and cooked food carcinogens: allylisothiocyanate, caffeine and theobromine, flavonoids, d-limonene and polyphenols. These are phytoprotectants, the anticarcinogenic actions of which are increasingly coming under discussion. The problems in determining the risk of cancer that is connected with diet were illustrated in 1981 by Doll and Peto. Using all available epidemiological data it was shown to be in the range of 10 70%. The impact of this paradigm on health was discussed at the Vienna Conference under an impressing international audience. The culinary uses of protective compounds in the diet were applied by the Austrian master cook, Reinhold Gerer, in a truly masterly and delicate benefit dinner in favour of the Institute of Cancer Research, University of Vienna. In this way it was demonstrated convincingly how good healthy food can taste. The director of the Institute of Cancer Research, Professor Dr SchulteHermann and all participants of the meeting finally congratulated Professor Dr Knasmuller and his cö workers for the excellent organization and quality of the conference. An attempt will now be made to summarize and comment on selected contributions to the meeting.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"40 2 1","pages":"375-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72843644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00015
L. Ovesen
Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading clothes make the man as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
{"title":"Clothes make the man.","authors":"L. Ovesen","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200108000-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200108000-00015","url":null,"abstract":"Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading clothes make the man as one of the reading material to finish quickly.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"88 1","pages":"385-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84901772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00013
E. Crocetti, G. Miccinesi, E. Paci
In a paper recently published in this journal, Levi et Ž . al. 2001 analysed the rise in incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinomas observed in the Registry of Vaud, Switzerland. During the long peŽ . riod examined 1976 1998 there was an overall decrease in the incidence of oesophagus cancer due to the balance between the decrease in squamous Ž cell carcinomas about 66% of all oesophagus can. cers in Vaud in 1995 1998 , an increase for adenoŽ . carcinomas about 22% and a decrease for cases Ž . with other and unspecified morphology about 12% . The contrasting trends between squamous and adenocarcinomas may be due, according to the authors, to the different trends of morphology-specific risk factors. The evidenced increase in the rates for adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus agreed with similar results in other but not all 10 European Ž . countries recently analysed Botterweck et al., 2000 . We want to contribute with further descriptive Ž . data from the Tuscany Cancer Registry RTT . The RTT is a population-based cancer registry active in the provinces of Florence and Prato, central Italy Ž . since 1984 Buiatti et al., 1997 . The age-adjusted incidence rates for oesophagus cancer in the RTT area around the 1990s were 3.7 per 100 000 among Ž . males and 0.9 among females Parkin et al., 1997 . Ž These rates were on the Italian average range . 1.0 9.7 among males and 0.4 1.5 among females Ž but lower than those from Vaud 9.5 for males and . 2.0 for females, respectively and from most other Ž . European countries Parkin et al., 1997 . Ž During 1985 1997, 613 oesophagus cancers 427, . 69.7% males and 186, 30.3% females were diagŽ nosed among the resident population about . 1 180 000 at the 1991 census . Incidence rates from Ž 1985 to 1997 directly standardized to the European . Ž population , percentage change PC, as the percentage difference of the mean of the rates of the last 2 . years minus that of the first 2 years considered and the expected annual percentage change in a logŽ . linear model EAPC were computed with the Ž . SEER Stat software seerstat@ims.nci.nih.gov . The overall incidence trend was downward with a PC of Ž 32.4%, similar in both sexes PC 35.4% among . males and 31.4% among females . There was an Ž overall statistically significant EAPC of 3.5% 95% . CI 6.3 0.7 also significant among males Ž . EAPC 4.3, 95% CI 7.9 0.5 but not among Ž . females EAPC 3.0, 95% CI 6.1 0.2 probably because of the relatively small sample. Ž . Following Levi et al. 2001 , we analysed the following morphological categories: squamous cell carŽ . cinoma ICD-O M 8050 8082 , adenocarcinoma Ž . 8140 8573 and other and unspecified cancers. In our data set there were 299 squamous cell carcinoŽ . Ž . mas 48.8% , 71 adenocarcinomas 11.6% and 243 Ž . 39.6% other and unspecified cases. The proportion of microscopic confirmations was rather low although it had improved over time, being only 53% in 1985 and reaching 70% in 1997. The time trends were similar and decreasing
在该杂志最近发表的一篇论文中，Levi et Ž。al. 2001分析了瑞士沃州登记处观察到的食管腺癌发病率的上升。在漫长的peŽ。从1976年到1998年期间食道癌的发病率总体上有所下降因为在鳞状Ž细胞癌的减少中达到了平衡约占所有食道癌的66%1995年，1998年，沃州的死亡率增加了adenoŽ。癌症约22%病例减少Ž。具有其他和未指定形态的约12%。根据作者的说法，鳞状癌和腺癌之间的差异趋势可能是由于形态特异性风险因素的不同趋势。食道腺癌发病率增加的证据与其他10个欧洲国家(但不是全部)的类似结果一致Ž。各国最近分析了Botterweck等人，2000年。我们希望通过进一步的描述Ž做出贡献。数据来自托斯卡纳癌症登记处。RTT是一个以人群为基础的癌症登记处，活跃在意大利中部的佛罗伦萨和普拉托省Ž。Buiatti et al.， 1997。20世纪90年代左右，RTT地区食道癌的年龄调整发病率为3.7 / 10万Ž人群。男性为0.9，女性为0.9,Parkin et al, 1997。Ž这些利率在意大利的平均范围内。男性为1.0 9.7，女性为0.4 1.5 Ž，但低于沃州男性和女性的9.5。2.0分别来自女性和其他大多数Ž。欧洲国家Parkin等人，1997。Ž在1985年，1997年期间，613例食道癌427例。常住人口中男性占69.7%，女性占186.30.3% diagŽ。1991年人口普查的数字为1180000。发病率从Ž 1985年到1997年直接标准化到欧洲。Ž人口，百分比变化PC，作为最近2年的平均比率的百分比差异。年数减去考虑的前两年的年数，以及logŽ中预期的年度百分比变化。用Ž计算线性模型EAPC。SEER Stat软件seerstat@ims.nci.nih.gov。总体发病率呈下降趋势，男女发病率相近，分别为Ž 32.4%和35.4%。男性占31.4%，女性占31.4%。EAPC为3.5%，95%，总体统计学意义为Ž。CI 6.3 0.7在男性中也显著Ž。EAPC 4.3, 95% CI 7.9 0.5，但Ž中没有。女性EAPC 3.0, 95% CI 6.1 0.2，可能是因为样本相对较少。Ž。根据Levi等人2001年的研究，我们分析了以下形态学类别:鳞状细胞carŽ。癌ICD-O M 8050 8082，腺癌Ž。8140、8573和其他未指明的癌症。在我们的数据集中有299例鳞状细胞carcinoŽ。Ž。Mas 48.8%，腺癌71例11.6%，Ž 243例。39.6%其他及未指明案件。显微确认的比例虽然随着时间的推移有所提高，但相当低，1985年仅为53%，1997年达到70%。三种组织学类型的时间趋势相似且呈下降趋势。事实上，鳞状细胞癌的发病率每下降2.6% Ž。年95% CI为5.5 0.5，腺癌为Ž。3.8% 95% CI 10.3.1其他5.5% Ž。95% ci 10.1 0.7。如果微观验证的比例更高，就不太可能期望得到完全不同的结果。事实上，这意味着假设在未指定的组中，不仅隐藏着腺癌数量的增加，而且这种增加的趋势如此强烈，以至于改变了组织学证实的病例所证明的减少趋势。另外，另一种可能的偏倚来源，即将腺癌错误地分类为其他麻烦的癌症部位，也可以排除。事实上，贲门癌和下咽癌都有与Ž食道癌相同的下降趋势。关于贲门癌大约有36例。每年诊断的病例数，在同一时期Ž年趋势为3.9% 95% CI为9.3。腺癌也有1.9个
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Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00014
M. Mignogna, S. Fedele, L. Lo Russo, E. Ruoppo, L. Lo Muzio
Worldwide, approximately 8% of all cancers in men occur in the mouth and pharynx, with a correspondŽ ing estimate for women being 4% Pindborg et al., . 1997 amounting to around 250 000 new cases in men each year and 120 000 in women. More than 90% of all oral and pharyngeal cancers occur in individuals older than 45, although there is evidence of an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in Ž . younger age groups La Vecchia et al., 1997 . Major risk factors include use of tobacco products, heavy alcohol consumption and exposure to the sun for lip cancer. According to late stages diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate is only 52%. In recent decades, in spite of advances in detection and treatment of many other malignancies, this rate has remained disapŽ pointingly low and relatively constant Greenlee et . al., 2000 . Treatment often produces dysfunction and distortions in speech, mastication, swallowing, dental health and even in the ability to interact socially. Thus, it must be considered among the most debilitating and disfiguring of all cancers. As is the case with most other malignancies, early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions and reduction of risk factors can produce a great improvement in the prognosis. Therefore, annual mouth examinations in people over 40 and the cessation of alcohol and tobacco consumption are the imperative goals of every health programme against Ž oral cancer American Cancer Society, 1992; British . Dental Association, 1998 . As many authors suggest ŽDanish Dental Association, 1990; Horowitz et al., . 1996 , dentists share an important role in secondary prevention of oral cancer. In fact, dental recalls are considered to be a great opportunity for the detection of asymptomatic early malignant neoplasm, for the differentiation of benign from precancerous conditions and for the undertaking of biopsies or referrals of patients to oral surgeons or oral medicine ENT specialists. This opportunistic screening of the oral mucosa, particularly in high-risk individuals, consists of soft tissue examination, which could be carried out as part of a 5-minute dental inspection. It is thought to decrease morbidity and mortality in the same way as other screening procedures, such as those used in respect of breast and cervical carcinomas. In the last few years other scientists have emphasized a more important role for dental practitioners, suggesting they should be responsible also for primary prevention, giving advice on smoking cessation, alcohol moderation and sun protection Ž . Macgregor, 1996; Johnson, 1997 . In spite of all these guidelines, in the past few decades no remarkable progress has occurred in improving the earlier diagnosis and prognosis of oral Ž . cancer Greenlee et al., 2000 . Most oral and pharyngeal malignancies are detected at a late stage and smoking and drinking habits still remain the major aetiological factors in the development of oral cancer, synchronous and metachronous second primary tumours of
{"title":"Oral and pharyngeal cancer: lack of prevention and early detection by health care providers.","authors":"M. Mignogna, S. Fedele, L. Lo Russo, E. Ruoppo, L. Lo Muzio","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200108000-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200108000-00014","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, approximately 8% of all cancers in men occur in the mouth and pharynx, with a correspondŽ ing estimate for women being 4% Pindborg et al., . 1997 amounting to around 250 000 new cases in men each year and 120 000 in women. More than 90% of all oral and pharyngeal cancers occur in individuals older than 45, although there is evidence of an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in Ž . younger age groups La Vecchia et al., 1997 . Major risk factors include use of tobacco products, heavy alcohol consumption and exposure to the sun for lip cancer. According to late stages diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate is only 52%. In recent decades, in spite of advances in detection and treatment of many other malignancies, this rate has remained disapŽ pointingly low and relatively constant Greenlee et . al., 2000 . Treatment often produces dysfunction and distortions in speech, mastication, swallowing, dental health and even in the ability to interact socially. Thus, it must be considered among the most debilitating and disfiguring of all cancers. As is the case with most other malignancies, early detection of malignant and premalignant lesions and reduction of risk factors can produce a great improvement in the prognosis. Therefore, annual mouth examinations in people over 40 and the cessation of alcohol and tobacco consumption are the imperative goals of every health programme against Ž oral cancer American Cancer Society, 1992; British . Dental Association, 1998 . As many authors suggest ŽDanish Dental Association, 1990; Horowitz et al., . 1996 , dentists share an important role in secondary prevention of oral cancer. In fact, dental recalls are considered to be a great opportunity for the detection of asymptomatic early malignant neoplasm, for the differentiation of benign from precancerous conditions and for the undertaking of biopsies or referrals of patients to oral surgeons or oral medicine ENT specialists. This opportunistic screening of the oral mucosa, particularly in high-risk individuals, consists of soft tissue examination, which could be carried out as part of a 5-minute dental inspection. It is thought to decrease morbidity and mortality in the same way as other screening procedures, such as those used in respect of breast and cervical carcinomas. In the last few years other scientists have emphasized a more important role for dental practitioners, suggesting they should be responsible also for primary prevention, giving advice on smoking cessation, alcohol moderation and sun protection Ž . Macgregor, 1996; Johnson, 1997 . In spite of all these guidelines, in the past few decades no remarkable progress has occurred in improving the earlier diagnosis and prognosis of oral Ž . cancer Greenlee et al., 2000 . Most oral and pharyngeal malignancies are detected at a late stage and smoking and drinking habits still remain the major aetiological factors in the development of oral cancer, synchronous and metachronous second primary tumours of","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":"29 1","pages":"381-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78978127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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