Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00001
H. Vainio, F. Bianchini
Physical activity is important in the prevention of a Ž variety of diseases and health conditions US DHHS, . 1996 . It is known to exert marked effects on several functions of the human body that may influence cancer risk, such as endogenous hormone levels, immune function, antioxidant defence, DNA repair and bowel motility. These effects vary according to the mode, duration, frequency and intensity of the activity. The interest in the association between physical activity and cancer is a relatively recent phenomenon: it is mainly in the past decade that well over 100 epidemiological studies have linked work, leisure and household physical activities to cancer risk. The most researched cancers are those of the colon, breast and endometrium. Cancer of the colon is the most commonly studied cancer in relation to physical activity, with approximately 50 studies. A recent review by an international group, which met in Lyon in February 2001, showed that physically active men and women experience around half the risk of their sedentary counŽ . terparts IARC, 2001 . The protective effect is seen across populations and study methods. Increasing levels of activity, whether in intensity, frequency or duration, generally seem to be associated with greater reductions in cancer risk. Most of the more than 30 epidemiological studies conducted in North America, Asia and Europe also demonstrated lower breast cancer risk among the most physically active women. The decrease in risk of breast cancer was, on average, 20 40%. In addition to concluding that there is sufficient evidence for causality for the association between physical activity and prevention of cancer in colon and breast, the Working Group considered the evidence to be limited for a possible protective effect of physical activity against cancers of the endometrium and prostate. For endometrial cancer, only a small number of studies reported on physical activity, but these were quite consistent in suggesting a moderately strong protective effect. For prostate cancer, about 20 epidemiological studies on the relationship with physical activity levels showed somewhat inconsistent results, but a majority of them found an inverse association with physical activity, which generally was only moderately strong and sometimes only in subgroups. Endogenous sex hormones are strongly implicated in the development of breast, endometrial and prosŽ . tate cancer IARC, 2001 . Physical activity may modulate the production, metabolism and excretion of the endogenous hormones, such as sex steroids, glucocorticoids, insulin-like growth factor 1 and its binding proteins, so an association with the hormonally related cancers is biologically plausible. Physical activity may also reduce the risk of cancer through its normalizing effect on body weight. For colon cancer, the plausible mechanisms of protection include the favourable effect of physical exertion on insulin, prostaglandins and bile acid levels, all of which may pro
体育活动对预防Ž多种疾病和健康状况很重要。1996年。众所周知，它对人体的几种可能影响癌症风险的功能有显著影响，如内源性激素水平、免疫功能、抗氧化防御、DNA修复和肠道蠕动。这些影响因活动的模式、持续时间、频率和强度而异。对体育活动与癌症之间关系的兴趣是一个相对较新的现象:主要是在过去十年中，有100多项流行病学研究将工作、休闲和家庭体育活动与癌症风险联系起来。研究最多的癌症是结肠癌、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌。结肠癌是最常被研究的与体育活动有关的癌症，大约有50项研究。一个国际组织于2001年2月在里昂召开会议，该组织最近的一项研究表明，积极运动的男性和女性的患病风险约为久坐不动者的一半counŽ。terparts IARC, 2001。在不同的人群和研究方法中都可以看到这种保护作用。增加活动水平，无论是强度、频率还是持续时间，通常似乎与癌症风险的更大降低有关。在北美、亚洲和欧洲进行的30多项流行病学研究中，大多数也表明，最活跃的女性患乳腺癌的风险较低。患乳腺癌的风险平均降低了20%。除了得出结论认为体力活动与预防结肠癌和乳腺癌之间存在因果关系的证据充足之外，工作组还认为体力活动对预防子宫内膜癌和前列腺癌可能产生的保护作用的证据有限。对于子宫内膜癌，只有少数研究报告了体育锻炼，但这些研究都相当一致地表明，体育锻炼具有中等强度的保护作用。对于前列腺癌，大约有20项流行病学研究对其与体育活动水平的关系进行了研究，结果有些不一致，但其中大多数研究发现，前列腺癌与体育活动呈负相关，这种负相关通常只是中等程度的，有时只在亚组中存在。内源性性激素与乳房、子宫内膜和prosŽ的发育密切相关。癌症研究机构，2001。体育活动可能调节内源性激素的产生、代谢和排泄，如性类固醇、糖皮质激素、胰岛素样生长因子1及其结合蛋白，因此与激素相关癌症的联系在生物学上是合理的。体育活动还可以通过其对体重的正常作用来降低患癌症的风险。对于结肠癌，合理的保护机制包括体力消耗对胰岛素、前列腺素和胆汁酸水平的有利影响，所有这些都可能促进结肠细胞的生长和增殖。此外，体育活动缩短了结肠运输时间，从而缩短了粪便致癌物与结肠粘膜接触的时间。目前尚不清楚哪种类型和强度的体育活动与降低风险有关。在未来的研究中，重要的是要澄清这个问题，鉴于最近的建议，要求至少30 Ž分钟的中等强度的身体活动，例如。一周中大部分时间以5.6公里的速度快走Ž。Us dhhs, 1996。最近的报告表明，几乎每个人每周至少步行一小时的体力活动水平都很容易达到Ž。与较低的coroŽ有关。Lee et al.， 2001。这一水平低于现行指导方针所建议的水平。不管“没有付出就没有收获”的口号是什么
{"title":"Physical activity and cancer prevention -- is 'no pain, no gain' passé?","authors":"H. Vainio, F. Bianchini","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200108000-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200108000-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is important in the prevention of a Ž variety of diseases and health conditions US DHHS, . 1996 . It is known to exert marked effects on several functions of the human body that may influence cancer risk, such as endogenous hormone levels, immune function, antioxidant defence, DNA repair and bowel motility. These effects vary according to the mode, duration, frequency and intensity of the activity. The interest in the association between physical activity and cancer is a relatively recent phenomenon: it is mainly in the past decade that well over 100 epidemiological studies have linked work, leisure and household physical activities to cancer risk. The most researched cancers are those of the colon, breast and endometrium. Cancer of the colon is the most commonly studied cancer in relation to physical activity, with approximately 50 studies. A recent review by an international group, which met in Lyon in February 2001, showed that physically active men and women experience around half the risk of their sedentary counŽ . terparts IARC, 2001 . The protective effect is seen across populations and study methods. Increasing levels of activity, whether in intensity, frequency or duration, generally seem to be associated with greater reductions in cancer risk. Most of the more than 30 epidemiological studies conducted in North America, Asia and Europe also demonstrated lower breast cancer risk among the most physically active women. The decrease in risk of breast cancer was, on average, 20 40%. In addition to concluding that there is sufficient evidence for causality for the association between physical activity and prevention of cancer in colon and breast, the Working Group considered the evidence to be limited for a possible protective effect of physical activity against cancers of the endometrium and prostate. For endometrial cancer, only a small number of studies reported on physical activity, but these were quite consistent in suggesting a moderately strong protective effect. For prostate cancer, about 20 epidemiological studies on the relationship with physical activity levels showed somewhat inconsistent results, but a majority of them found an inverse association with physical activity, which generally was only moderately strong and sometimes only in subgroups. Endogenous sex hormones are strongly implicated in the development of breast, endometrial and prosŽ . tate cancer IARC, 2001 . Physical activity may modulate the production, metabolism and excretion of the endogenous hormones, such as sex steroids, glucocorticoids, insulin-like growth factor 1 and its binding proteins, so an association with the hormonally related cancers is biologically plausible. Physical activity may also reduce the risk of cancer through its normalizing effect on body weight. For colon cancer, the plausible mechanisms of protection include the favourable effect of physical exertion on insulin, prostaglandins and bile acid levels, all of which may pro","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85595101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200108000-00011
F. Levi, V. Te, L. Randimbison, G. Erler, C. la Vecchia
Trends of skin cancer incidence by histotype in the Swiss Canton of Vaud (608,000 inhabitants) between 1976 and 1992 were updated on the basis of 6720 further skin cancers registered over the period 1993-1998. Trends in the last period were downwards for squamous cell carcinoma in both sexes, still on the rise for basal cell carcinoma, and levelled off for malignant melanoma in females.
{"title":"Trends in skin cancer incidence in Vaud: an update, 1976-1998.","authors":"F. Levi, V. Te, L. Randimbison, G. Erler, C. la Vecchia","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200108000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200108000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Trends of skin cancer incidence by histotype in the Swiss Canton of Vaud (608,000 inhabitants) between 1976 and 1992 were updated on the basis of 6720 further skin cancers registered over the period 1993-1998. Trends in the last period were downwards for squamous cell carcinoma in both sexes, still on the rise for basal cell carcinoma, and levelled off for malignant melanoma in females.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75805308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200106000-00015
L. Ovesen
{"title":"Coke is not it.","authors":"L. Ovesen","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200106000-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200106000-00015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85896212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200106000-00003
I. Segal
Epidemiological and clinical studies that have reported on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and Helicobacter pylori infection in sub-Saharan Africa were reviewed. The data indicate that Barrett's oesophagus is rare and oesophageal adenocarcinoma uncommon in all regions of sub-Saharan Africa studied (South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Uganda). Hiatus hernia is also uncommon. There are too few reports of GERD to allow comment. The overwhelming majority of oesophageal cancers are squamous cell type. H. pylori infection is ubiquitous with an overall prevalence of 61-100%. It is concluded that although urbanization has resulted in an increase of risk factors associated with GERD, which would be expected to lead to an increase in this disease among Africans, this increase has not happened. It is believed that the critical factor preventing GERD in black Africans is H. pylori infection, which is usually acquired in childhood, is lifelong and is probably protective for the oesophagus.
{"title":"The gastro-oesophageal reflux disease complex in sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"I. Segal","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200106000-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200106000-00003","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological and clinical studies that have reported on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and Helicobacter pylori infection in sub-Saharan Africa were reviewed. The data indicate that Barrett's oesophagus is rare and oesophageal adenocarcinoma uncommon in all regions of sub-Saharan Africa studied (South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Uganda). Hiatus hernia is also uncommon. There are too few reports of GERD to allow comment. The overwhelming majority of oesophageal cancers are squamous cell type. H. pylori infection is ubiquitous with an overall prevalence of 61-100%. It is concluded that although urbanization has resulted in an increase of risk factors associated with GERD, which would be expected to lead to an increase in this disease among Africans, this increase has not happened. It is believed that the critical factor preventing GERD in black Africans is H. pylori infection, which is usually acquired in childhood, is lifelong and is probably protective for the oesophagus.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78535699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200106000-00002
C. Vecchia, A. Tavani
{"title":"Hair dyes and bladder cancer: an update.","authors":"C. Vecchia, A. Tavani","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200106000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200106000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88632180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200106000-00016
M. Allam, R. A. Lucena
The aetiology of sex differences in colorectal cancer Ž is controversial. Fernandez et al. European Journal ́ . of Cancer Pre ention 9: 99 104, 2000 explained favourable trends for women analysing colorectal mortality sex ratio trends in major European countries over the last four decades. Their conclusions were based on the protective effect of female hormones, including replacement therapy and oral conŽ . traceptives. McMichael and Potter 1980 raised this hypothesis for the first time after narrative review Ž . study. Meanwhile, MacLennan et al. 1995 reported no association after their meta-analysis study. We think that this protective effect could be excluded on seeing the colorectal cancer mortality rates among women during the last 40 years. It is obvious that in Ž nearly all Northern countries Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Scotland, Austria, Belgium, The Netherlands . and Norway , in spite of lowering use of oral contraŽ . ceptives IARC, 1999 , these rates are decreasing. In general, the colorectal cancer mortality rate among females in nearly all Northern countries is falling compared with the increase in all Southern countries. Perhaps these contradictions come from other unconsidered risk factors, which must be taken into account. Sex-specific mortalities could be an explanation for the favourable trends for women in colorectal cancer. According to WHO, among males in the age group 35 39 years suicide is the principal cause of mortality, and between 40 and 64 years acute myocardial infarction, leaving the field open for different types of cancer, such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer. For women between 35 and 64 years breast cancer is the principal cause of mortality, leaving a small percentage of women vulnerable for colorectal Ž cancer Anuario de la Sanidad y del Medicamento . en Espana, 2000 . Moreover, breast cancer, the most ̃ frequent malignancy among females with rising incidence in all European countries over the last 50 years, represents the majority of female proportional Ž mortality attributed to cancer Boring et al., 1993; . Morillo et al., 2000 . These point at selective mortality among females by breast cancer, a cancer known to be more frequent among females using exogenous Ž . hormones Kelsey and Bernstein, 1996 . The possible carcinogenic role of smoking in colorectal cancer is a cause for concern. Many previous Ž studies Potter, 1996; Tulinius et al., 1997; World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for . Cancer Research, 1997; Slattery et al., 1998 have considered smoking as a possible risk factor for colorectal cancer, especially rectal cancer. Smoking is well known to be more prevalent among males than females. In Spain, the male to female ratio of smoking in the population older than 15 years is 1.7, a ratio that coincides with that recorded for colorecŽ tal cancer mortality rate Castillejo and Mercade,́ . 2000 . We agree with Fernandez et al. in singling out ́ alcohol drinking as a possible risk factor for co
结直肠癌性别差异的病因学Ž是有争议的。Fernandez等人。《欧洲杂志》。《癌症预防》(2000年9月9日)解释了对妇女有利的趋势，分析了过去四十年来主要欧洲国家结肠直肠癌死亡率的性别比例趋势。他们的结论是基于女性荷尔蒙的保护作用，包括替代疗法和口服conŽ。traceptives。McMichael and Potter 1980在叙述回顾后首次提出了这一假设Ž。研究。与此同时，MacLennan et al. 1995在他们的荟萃分析研究后报告没有关联。我们认为，这种保护作用可以排除在过去40年女性结直肠癌死亡率之外。很明显，在Ž几乎所有的北方国家瑞典，瑞士，英国，苏格兰，奥地利，比利时，荷兰。挪威，尽管口服contraŽ的使用减少了。根据国际癌症研究机构，1999年，这些比率正在下降。总的来说，几乎所有北方国家的女性结直肠癌死亡率都在下降，而所有南方国家的死亡率都在上升。也许这些矛盾来自其他未被考虑的风险因素，这些因素必须考虑在内。性别特异性死亡率可能是女性患结直肠癌的有利趋势的一个解释。根据世界卫生组织的数据，在35至39岁年龄组的男性中，自杀是死亡的主要原因，在40至64岁年龄组的男性中，急性心肌梗死是死亡的主要原因，这为肺癌和结直肠癌等不同类型的癌症留下了空间。对于35岁至64岁的妇女来说，乳腺癌是死亡的主要原因，使一小部分妇女易患结直肠癌Ž。西班牙，2000年。此外，乳腺癌是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，在过去50年中，所有欧洲国家的发病率都在上升，占女性因癌症造成的比例死亡率Ž的大部分(Boring等，1993);． Morillo et al.， 2000。这些都指向女性乳腺癌的选择性死亡率，一种已知在使用外源性Ž的女性中更常见的癌症。Kelsey and Bernstein, 1996。吸烟在结直肠癌中可能的致癌作用是一个值得关注的问题。许多先前的Ž研究Potter, 1996;Tulinius et al.， 1997;世界癌症研究基金会和美国癌症研究所。癌症研究，1997;Slattery等人(1998)认为吸烟可能是结直肠癌，尤其是直肠癌的危险因素。众所周知，吸烟在男性中比女性更普遍。在西班牙，15岁以上人口中吸烟的男女比例为1.7，这一比例与colorecŽ卡斯蒂列霍和梅尔凯德的癌症死亡率记录相吻合。2000年。我们同意Fernandez等人将饮酒作为结直肠癌可能的危险因素的观点。例如，匈牙利1994年的Ž酒精消费量相当高，10.2升。每年人均纯酒精对男性和女性的年龄标准化死亡率最高。一般来说，结直肠癌死亡率高的国家，特别是1990年至1994年期间，是酒精消费量最高的国家，例如:法国、葡萄牙、匈牙利、丹麦、德国、奥地利和SwitzerŽ。卡斯蒂列霍和梅卡德，2000年。Simanowski et´Ž。Al . 1995描述并解释了酒精对结直肠细胞再生的影响是酒精相关癌变的可能机制。研究发现，酒精既是一个独立的风险因素，也是一个与烟草相互作用的风险因素，影响结直肠canŽ癌症发病率Chhabra等人，1996;世界癌症研究基金会和美国癌症研究所，1997年;世界癌症。研究基金，1998年。基于这些发现，我们希望引起人们对欧洲男性和女性结直肠癌发病率上升的关注，以及有关饮酒和吸烟致癌作用的证据。最后，我们感谢这种精心设计的生态系统
{"title":"Aetiology of sex differences in colorectal cancer.","authors":"M. Allam, R. A. Lucena","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200106000-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200106000-00016","url":null,"abstract":"The aetiology of sex differences in colorectal cancer Ž is controversial. Fernandez et al. European Journal ́ . of Cancer Pre ention 9: 99 104, 2000 explained favourable trends for women analysing colorectal mortality sex ratio trends in major European countries over the last four decades. Their conclusions were based on the protective effect of female hormones, including replacement therapy and oral conŽ . traceptives. McMichael and Potter 1980 raised this hypothesis for the first time after narrative review Ž . study. Meanwhile, MacLennan et al. 1995 reported no association after their meta-analysis study. We think that this protective effect could be excluded on seeing the colorectal cancer mortality rates among women during the last 40 years. It is obvious that in Ž nearly all Northern countries Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Scotland, Austria, Belgium, The Netherlands . and Norway , in spite of lowering use of oral contraŽ . ceptives IARC, 1999 , these rates are decreasing. In general, the colorectal cancer mortality rate among females in nearly all Northern countries is falling compared with the increase in all Southern countries. Perhaps these contradictions come from other unconsidered risk factors, which must be taken into account. Sex-specific mortalities could be an explanation for the favourable trends for women in colorectal cancer. According to WHO, among males in the age group 35 39 years suicide is the principal cause of mortality, and between 40 and 64 years acute myocardial infarction, leaving the field open for different types of cancer, such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer. For women between 35 and 64 years breast cancer is the principal cause of mortality, leaving a small percentage of women vulnerable for colorectal Ž cancer Anuario de la Sanidad y del Medicamento . en Espana, 2000 . Moreover, breast cancer, the most ̃ frequent malignancy among females with rising incidence in all European countries over the last 50 years, represents the majority of female proportional Ž mortality attributed to cancer Boring et al., 1993; . Morillo et al., 2000 . These point at selective mortality among females by breast cancer, a cancer known to be more frequent among females using exogenous Ž . hormones Kelsey and Bernstein, 1996 . The possible carcinogenic role of smoking in colorectal cancer is a cause for concern. Many previous Ž studies Potter, 1996; Tulinius et al., 1997; World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for . Cancer Research, 1997; Slattery et al., 1998 have considered smoking as a possible risk factor for colorectal cancer, especially rectal cancer. Smoking is well known to be more prevalent among males than females. In Spain, the male to female ratio of smoking in the population older than 15 years is 1.7, a ratio that coincides with that recorded for colorecŽ tal cancer mortality rate Castillejo and Mercade,́ . 2000 . We agree with Fernandez et al. in singling out ́ alcohol drinking as a possible risk factor for co","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81645575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200104000-00009
O. Kronborg
Ž . Three major randomized trials RCT have confirmed the results of a large number of case control studies, demonstrating a reduction in mortality from Ž . colorectal cancer CRC by screening average-risk Ž . persons 45 80 years annually or biennially with Ž . Ž Haemoccult-II H-II Smith Kline Diagnostics Inc., . Ž . Palo Alto, CA, USA Table 1 . The largest reduction has been obtained by the use of rehydrated H-II in Minnesota. However, this benefit was paid for by a very high rate of full colonoscopy in persons with positive H-II. The Danish study suggests that the reduction in mortality may be most pronounced in patients with CRC above the sigmoid colon, and the English as well as the Danish study suggest a more pronounced reduction in persons less than 65 years. The possibility of reproducing the results from randomized trials with Haemoccult-II in countrywide population screening programmes will be examined in the UK in two large pilot studies, and a detailed medico-technical evaluation has been performed in Denmark, suggesting that a pilot study should be set up in one or two counties. Other trials with H-II are performed in France and Sweden, but the final results are not available yet. Different types of faecal occult blood tests are available, making it possible at least to some degree to tailor the screening programme to the available colonoscopy resources. Economics suggest that in a Danish setting it would be optimal to screen 50 75year-old persons with annual H-II; this represents a more cost-effective programme than that for breast cancer and cervical cancer, although the last two cancers are detected more effectively.
Ž。三个主要的随机对照试验证实了大量病例对照研究的结果，表明Ž降低了死亡率。通过筛查平均风险Ž45岁至80岁，每年或每两年发一次Ž。Ž Haemoccult-II H-II Smith Kline Diagnostics Inc.。Ž。帕洛阿尔托，加州，美国在明尼苏达州使用再水合H-II获得了最大的减量。然而，这种益处是由H-II阳性患者的高全结肠镜检查率支付的。丹麦的研究表明，乙状结肠以上结直肠癌患者死亡率的降低可能最为明显，英国和丹麦的研究表明，65岁以下人群死亡率的降低更为明显。将在英国的两项大型试点研究中检验在全国人口筛查规划中重复使用Haemoccult-II随机试验结果的可能性，并在丹麦进行了详细的医学技术评估，这表明应该在一两个国家建立一项试点研究。H-II的其他试验在法国和瑞典进行，但最终结果尚未公布。有不同类型的粪便隐血检查，至少在一定程度上可以根据现有的结肠镜检查资源量身定制筛查方案。经济学表明，在丹麦，每年对50名75岁的老人进行H-II筛查是最理想的;这是一个比乳腺癌和子宫颈癌更具成本效益的方案，尽管后两种癌症的检测效率更高。
{"title":"Faecal occult blood testing in the secondary prevention of colorectal cancer.","authors":"O. Kronborg","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200104000-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200104000-00009","url":null,"abstract":"Ž . Three major randomized trials RCT have confirmed the results of a large number of case control studies, demonstrating a reduction in mortality from Ž . colorectal cancer CRC by screening average-risk Ž . persons 45 80 years annually or biennially with Ž . Ž Haemoccult-II H-II Smith Kline Diagnostics Inc., . Ž . Palo Alto, CA, USA Table 1 . The largest reduction has been obtained by the use of rehydrated H-II in Minnesota. However, this benefit was paid for by a very high rate of full colonoscopy in persons with positive H-II. The Danish study suggests that the reduction in mortality may be most pronounced in patients with CRC above the sigmoid colon, and the English as well as the Danish study suggest a more pronounced reduction in persons less than 65 years. The possibility of reproducing the results from randomized trials with Haemoccult-II in countrywide population screening programmes will be examined in the UK in two large pilot studies, and a detailed medico-technical evaluation has been performed in Denmark, suggesting that a pilot study should be set up in one or two counties. Other trials with H-II are performed in France and Sweden, but the final results are not available yet. Different types of faecal occult blood tests are available, making it possible at least to some degree to tailor the screening programme to the available colonoscopy resources. Economics suggest that in a Danish setting it would be optimal to screen 50 75year-old persons with annual H-II; this represents a more cost-effective programme than that for breast cancer and cervical cancer, although the last two cancers are detected more effectively.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84830523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200104000-00014
M. Hill
{"title":"ECP dietary advice on cancer prevention.","authors":"M. Hill","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200104000-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200104000-00014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91478109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200104000-00012
S. Gullini, Matarese, A. Pezzoli, M. Rubini, P. Buldrini, S. Gamberini, Spadazzi Af, C. Rizzo, P. Pazzi
Like other western countries, Italy has a high inciŽ . dence of colorectal cancer CRC . Emilia Romagna is the region with the third highest number of cases of CRC, with a prevalence of 251 100 000 inhabitants. In particular, in the district of Ferrara, 648 new cases of CRC were diagnosed in 1994 1995 and 166 CRC-related deaths were recorded. The natural history of CRC suggests that screening programmes should be effective in preventing progression from adenoma to cancer. In fact, evidence from controlled trials suggests that removing adenomatous polyps reduces the incidence of CRC. Nevertheless, it is very difficult and expensive to perform a screening programme for the general population and most people are not currently screened for CRC. There is evidence from studies that people with close relatives with colorectal cancer have an increased risk of CRC and develop the disease at a younger age than people without a family history of CRC. Moreover, recent data have shown that there is a high prevalence of adenoma in first-degree relatives of patients affected by CRC. People with a first-degree relative who has developed CRC or adenomas at a relatively early age may prefer periodic complete evaluation of the colon, although there are no studies that have addressed the effectiveness of this approach directly. For these reasons we designed a screening endoscopy-based programme focused on this population. Here we report our preliminary results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of adenomas in first-degree relatives of patients affected by CRC and to assess the usefulness and feasibility of a screening programme on this population using colonoscopy. In October 1999 we started a campaign stressing the usefulness of colonoscopy in first-degree relatives of CRC patients. We held meetings with general practitioners, surgeons and public conferences. Local newspaper articles, local ratio TV programmes and a booklet were published. A detailed website is also available. We try to reach as many people as possible in order to give the right information about the increased risk in these subjects. Moreover, all patients submitted to surgical intervention for CRC were asked to inform their first-degree relatives about the programme. All subjects aged between 45 and 75 and with one or more first-degree relative with CRC were invited to a preliminary interview, in order to collect personal and family history and to suggest colonoscopy as a screening option. When colonoscopy was refused, barium enema or faecal occult blood testing were suggested. At colonoscopy, we recorded the number of polyps and the size, histological type and degree of atypia of the most advanced adenoma in each patient. Between January and June 2000 we evaluŽ . ated 175 people age range 45 71 years , 57.1% of whom were male. One hundred and seventytwo participants were enrolled in the screening
{"title":"Screening colonoscopy in asymptomatic increased-risk subjects.","authors":"S. Gullini, Matarese, A. Pezzoli, M. Rubini, P. Buldrini, S. Gamberini, Spadazzi Af, C. Rizzo, P. Pazzi","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200104000-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200104000-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Like other western countries, Italy has a high inciŽ . dence of colorectal cancer CRC . Emilia Romagna is the region with the third highest number of cases of CRC, with a prevalence of 251 100 000 inhabitants. In particular, in the district of Ferrara, 648 new cases of CRC were diagnosed in 1994 1995 and 166 CRC-related deaths were recorded. The natural history of CRC suggests that screening programmes should be effective in preventing progression from adenoma to cancer. In fact, evidence from controlled trials suggests that removing adenomatous polyps reduces the incidence of CRC. Nevertheless, it is very difficult and expensive to perform a screening programme for the general population and most people are not currently screened for CRC. There is evidence from studies that people with close relatives with colorectal cancer have an increased risk of CRC and develop the disease at a younger age than people without a family history of CRC. Moreover, recent data have shown that there is a high prevalence of adenoma in first-degree relatives of patients affected by CRC. People with a first-degree relative who has developed CRC or adenomas at a relatively early age may prefer periodic complete evaluation of the colon, although there are no studies that have addressed the effectiveness of this approach directly. For these reasons we designed a screening endoscopy-based programme focused on this population. Here we report our preliminary results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of adenomas in first-degree relatives of patients affected by CRC and to assess the usefulness and feasibility of a screening programme on this population using colonoscopy. In October 1999 we started a campaign stressing the usefulness of colonoscopy in first-degree relatives of CRC patients. We held meetings with general practitioners, surgeons and public conferences. Local newspaper articles, local ratio TV programmes and a booklet were published. A detailed website is also available. We try to reach as many people as possible in order to give the right information about the increased risk in these subjects. Moreover, all patients submitted to surgical intervention for CRC were asked to inform their first-degree relatives about the programme. All subjects aged between 45 and 75 and with one or more first-degree relative with CRC were invited to a preliminary interview, in order to collect personal and family history and to suggest colonoscopy as a screening option. When colonoscopy was refused, barium enema or faecal occult blood testing were suggested. At colonoscopy, we recorded the number of polyps and the size, histological type and degree of atypia of the most advanced adenoma in each patient. Between January and June 2000 we evaluŽ . ated 175 people age range 45 71 years , 57.1% of whom were male. One hundred and seventytwo participants were enrolled in the screening","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83872556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200104000-00016
L. Maso, Vincenzo Canzonieri, R. Talamini, S. Franceschi, C. L. Vecchia
In a case-control study of 1031 epithelial ovarian cancers and 2311 controls conducted in Italy, 56 cases and 116 controls reported history of benign ovarian cysts, corresponding to a relative risk of 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.8). In a subset of 255 histologically reviewed cases, mucinous and endometrioid ovarian neoplasms and neoplasms of stage I or II arose more frequently from cysts, while use of oral contraceptives or parity were not significantly related to history of ovarian cysts.
{"title":"Origin of ovarian cancer from benign cysts.","authors":"L. Maso, Vincenzo Canzonieri, R. Talamini, S. Franceschi, C. L. Vecchia","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200104000-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200104000-00016","url":null,"abstract":"In a case-control study of 1031 epithelial ovarian cancers and 2311 controls conducted in Italy, 56 cases and 116 controls reported history of benign ovarian cysts, corresponding to a relative risk of 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.8). In a subset of 255 histologically reviewed cases, mucinous and endometrioid ovarian neoplasms and neoplasms of stage I or II arose more frequently from cysts, while use of oral contraceptives or parity were not significantly related to history of ovarian cysts.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75677468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：