Pub Date : 2020-03-04DOI: 10.4081/incontri.2019.607
A. Poletti
The androgen receptor has been purified in the ‘70s and cloned in the ‘80s. It is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily and mediated the most important effects of androgen in androgen dependent or sensitive tissues. Several physiological function of the brain are differentially controlled in the two sexes and androgens play specific role in the processes of sexual differentiation and it is involved in the maintenance of male sex behaviour in adulthood. When mutated, the androgen receptor may impact on many of these androgen-regulated activities because of a loss of androgenic function in target cells. However, in the case of a peculiar type of mutation, the elongation of the polyglutamine tract normally present in its N-terminus, the androgen receptor becomes neurotoxic and induces cells death of a number of motoneurons in the spinal cord, which express very high level of this protein. Here, we will briefly discuss the most important actions of androgen receptor-mediated androgen activity in the brain and the mechanisms by which the mutant androgen receptor may lead to neurodegeneration in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA).
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Pub Date : 2020-03-04DOI: 10.4081/incontri.2019.614
V. Magnaghi
Ars longa, vita brevis... Hippocrates of Kos, the medical doctor, taught us the importance of the study, which comes to terms with the transience of time. The life of prof. Luciano Martini was a perfect combination of study, science and art, values that over time he has instilled in many of us.
Ars longa, vita brief…科斯的医生希波克拉底(Hippocrates)告诉我们，研究的重要性在于，它与时间的短暂性达成了妥协。马提尼(Luciano Martini)教授的一生是研究、科学和艺术的完美结合，随着时间的推移，他将这些价值观灌输给了我们许多人。
{"title":"IL DIDATTA","authors":"V. Magnaghi","doi":"10.4081/incontri.2019.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.2019.614","url":null,"abstract":"Ars longa, vita brevis... Hippocrates of Kos, the medical doctor, taught us the importance of the study, which comes to terms with the transience of time. The life of prof. Luciano Martini was a perfect combination of study, science and art, values that over time he has instilled in many of us.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126044491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-04DOI: 10.4081/incontri.2019.616
F. Cavagnini
Luciano Martini loved the music, of a love that entered directly into the category of passion. Thanks to the ability to read the music and a wide culture extended to other forms of art, he could get from the music maximum enjoyment. In the music field he had signed articles and held lectures. About his passion he was very reserved, opening himself to the discussion only with connoisseurs at his level. Likewise, the fact that he played the piano has remained completely private. Our relationship had found strong support in the mutual friendship and attendance of an opera singer that we had chosen as our favorite, Giuseppe Di Stefano. In recent years and until just before its end, musical topics and memories of moments lived with the great tenor have been the subject of long telephone conversations in which, together with the passion for music, his lucidity of judgment and his intelligence were readily apparent.
卢西亚诺·马蒂尼热爱音乐，这种热爱直接进入了激情的范畴。由于他的识谱能力和广泛的文化延伸到其他艺术形式，他可以从音乐中获得最大的享受。在音乐领域，他曾在文章上署名，并举办过讲座。关于他的激情，他非常保守，只愿意与他这个水平的鉴赏家讨论。同样，他弹钢琴的事实也完全保密。我们的关系在彼此的友谊中得到了强有力的支持，并且我们选择了我们最喜欢的歌剧演员朱塞佩·迪·斯蒂法诺(Giuseppe Di Stefano)。近年来，直到他的作品结束之前，音乐话题和与这位伟大的男高音一起生活的时刻的回忆一直是电话交谈的主题，在电话交谈中，他对音乐的热情、清晰的判断和智慧都是显而易见的。
{"title":"IL MUSICOLOGO","authors":"F. Cavagnini","doi":"10.4081/incontri.2019.616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.2019.616","url":null,"abstract":"Luciano Martini loved the music, of a love that entered directly into the category of passion. Thanks to the ability to read the music and a wide culture extended to other forms of art, he could get from the music maximum enjoyment. In the music field he had signed articles and held lectures. About his passion he was very reserved, opening himself to the discussion only with connoisseurs at his level. Likewise, the fact that he played the piano has remained completely private. Our relationship had found strong support in the mutual friendship and attendance of an opera singer that we had chosen as our favorite, Giuseppe Di Stefano. In recent years and until just before its end, musical topics and memories of moments lived with the great tenor have been the subject of long telephone conversations in which, together with the passion for music, his lucidity of judgment and his intelligence were readily apparent.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"51 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in research and technological innovations in Informatics are revolutionizing our society. We already live in a cyber-physical world: interaction and collaboration among humans occurs seamlessly both in physical and in virtual spaces and virtual agents automate tasks at all levels, including those that traditionally relied on human intelligence. Access to data and information is available to everybody, anywhere and at any time, eliminating barriers but also generating potential distorted usage. Whatever humans do is inevitably mediated by technology, which potentially invades the private sphere of individuals. Changes are happening so fast and their effects are so spectacular that their ethical implications are often understood too late or underestimated. This contribution briefly introduces the disruptive changes produced by advances in Informatics and their severe ethical implications. It argues that an interdisciplinary effort is needed to focus on ethical issues while research and innovation are developed rather than as an after-the-fact reflection.
{"title":"ASPETTI ETICI DELLA RICERCA E DELL’INNOVAZIONE TECNOLOGICA: IL CASO DELL’INFORMATICA | MONDI VIRTUALI, RETI SOCIALI, SISTEMI AUTONOMI “INTELLIGENTI”","authors":"C. Ghezzi","doi":"10.4081/incontri.0.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.0.566","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in research and technological innovations in Informatics are revolutionizing our society. We already live in a cyber-physical world: interaction and collaboration among humans occurs seamlessly both in physical and in virtual spaces and virtual agents automate tasks at all levels, including those that traditionally relied on human intelligence. Access to data and information is available to everybody, anywhere and at any time, eliminating barriers but also generating potential distorted usage. Whatever humans do is inevitably mediated by technology, which potentially invades the private sphere of individuals. Changes are happening so fast and their effects are so spectacular that their ethical implications are often understood too late or underestimated. This contribution briefly introduces the disruptive changes produced by advances in Informatics and their severe ethical implications. It argues that an interdisciplinary effort is needed to focus on ethical issues while research and innovation are developed rather than as an after-the-fact reflection.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130551482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.4081/incontri.2019.563
C. E. Bottani
Non disponibile.
不可用。
{"title":"INTRODUZIONE","authors":"C. E. Bottani","doi":"10.4081/incontri.2019.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.2019.563","url":null,"abstract":"Non disponibile.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126012583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My paper focuses on several main themes: the social image of science, the effects of technological innovation and the notion of the quality of life. I propose seven dilemmas generated by the analysis of these main themes, and try to clarify i) in what way a new social contract between science and society is urgent; ii) why we need a mature, pluralistic culture of innovation; iii) why we should adopt a multidimensional notion of the quality of life.
{"title":"PROGRESSO SCIENTIFICO E INNOVAZIONE TECNOLOGICA: ASPETTI ETICI E GIURIDICI","authors":"S. Veca","doi":"10.4081/incontri.0.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.0.564","url":null,"abstract":"My paper focuses on several main themes: the social image of science, the effects of technological innovation and the notion of the quality of life. I propose seven dilemmas generated by the analysis of these main themes, and try to clarify i) in what way a new social contract between science and society is urgent; ii) why we need a mature, pluralistic culture of innovation; iii) why we should adopt a multidimensional notion of the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124336239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much of the communication and scientific dissemination is pedagogically ineffective, even that apparently most successful. Names like Hawking, Penrose and, more recently, Rovelli have achieved extraordinary public success. There have been many Science Festivals and Researcher's Nights. However, serious statistical surveys show that the increased level of scientific literacy produces contradictory and paradoxical effects. What really is missing is the capacity for critical thinking. The problem is not only scientific, sociological and psychological but also ethical. Many popularizers do not tell the truth or they do not say it all. When this happens, communication, conveying a distorted image of science, can become harmful. To remedy is not only important for science, it is important for democracy.
{"title":"COMUNICAZIONE SCIENTIFICA IN UNA SOCIETÀ DEMOCRATICA: ASPETTI ETICI","authors":"C. E. Bottani","doi":"10.4081/incontri.0.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.0.565","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the communication and scientific dissemination is pedagogically ineffective, even that apparently most successful. Names like Hawking, Penrose and, more recently, Rovelli have achieved extraordinary public success. There have been many Science Festivals and Researcher's Nights. However, serious statistical surveys show that the increased level of scientific literacy produces contradictory and paradoxical effects. What really is missing is the capacity for critical thinking. The problem is not only scientific, sociological and psychological but also ethical. Many popularizers do not tell the truth or they do not say it all. When this happens, communication, conveying a distorted image of science, can become harmful. To remedy is not only important for science, it is important for democracy.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121579670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intervention starts from the observation that technology is a tool for the transformation of reality that is itself “neutral”, i.e. usable for different and even opposite purposes, while law is a tool to orient, to condition and to govern human behaviours in relation to social ends, that is to say, what is right or better for society. Hence the intrinsic “finalism” of law, and the fundamental difference between the “power” of technology and the juridical power that is exercised for social purposes and to settle conflicts of interests between individuals and between communities. It then examines the potential and limitations of the use of computer techniques to perform legal acts; the new role of law in the face of the growth of technological “powers” of data collection and use; the demand to adapt the regulation of relationships between individuals (such as labour relationships) in the face of technological changes in reality; the problems of “relocation” of the law related to the development of the Internet; the new demands to legal powers to regulate phenomena such as the genetic manipulation of the human being and the use of artificial intelligence, with a view to safeguarding the essence of being “human”.
{"title":"DIRITTO E TECNOLOGIA","authors":"V. Onida","doi":"10.4081/incontri.0.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/incontri.0.567","url":null,"abstract":"The intervention starts from the observation that technology is a tool for the transformation of reality that is itself “neutral”, i.e. usable for different and even opposite purposes, while law is a tool to orient, to condition and to govern human behaviours in relation to social ends, that is to say, what is right or better for society. Hence the intrinsic “finalism” of law, and the fundamental difference between the “power” of technology and the juridical power that is exercised for social purposes and to settle conflicts of interests between individuals and between communities. It then examines the potential and limitations of the use of computer techniques to perform legal acts; the new role of law in the face of the growth of technological “powers” of data collection and use; the demand to adapt the regulation of relationships between individuals (such as labour relationships) in the face of technological changes in reality; the problems of “relocation” of the law related to the development of the Internet; the new demands to legal powers to regulate phenomena such as the genetic manipulation of the human being and the use of artificial intelligence, with a view to safeguarding the essence of being “human”.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133232343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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