Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.460
Claudio Calosi
The paper argues that quantum mechanics provide examples of genuine metaphysical indeterminacy that cannot be accounted for in purely modal terms. The best account of quantum indeterminacy has it that quantum systems have determinable properties without thereby having a unique determinate of that determinable.
{"title":"INDETERMINATEZZA METAFISICA E MECCANICA QUANTISTICA","authors":"Claudio Calosi","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.460","url":null,"abstract":"The paper argues that quantum mechanics provide examples of genuine metaphysical indeterminacy that cannot be accounted for in purely modal terms. The best account of quantum indeterminacy has it that quantum systems have determinable properties without thereby having a unique determinate of that determinable.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121428890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.470
C. Mariani
The notion of law of nature has been a major focus on the recent philosophical debate on science. In the attempt of determining what is the modal status of laws, whether they are necessary (as for necessitarianism) or contingent (as for contingentism), the recent debate has largely focused on the relationship between laws and natural properties. This contribution aims at defending a particular view on property individuation known as structuralism. According to structuralism, roughly, properties are individuated by their nomological/causal roles, and so by their relationships with the other properties and with the laws. In specific, I will defend a version of structuralism as a counterpart theory of property. Structuralism implies necessitarianism on laws of nature, and so this paper can be seen as a defense of this view as well.
{"title":"PROPRIETÀ E LEGGI DI NATURA","authors":"C. Mariani","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.470","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of law of nature has been a major focus on the recent philosophical debate on science. In the attempt of determining what is the modal status of laws, whether they are necessary (as for necessitarianism) or contingent (as for contingentism), the recent debate has largely focused on the relationship between laws and natural properties. This contribution aims at defending a particular view on property individuation known as structuralism. According to structuralism, roughly, properties are individuated by their nomological/causal roles, and so by their relationships with the other properties and with the laws. In specific, I will defend a version of structuralism as a counterpart theory of property. Structuralism implies necessitarianism on laws of nature, and so this paper can be seen as a defense of this view as well.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115162584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.469
L. Poggiali
Scientific Conventionalism claims that conventional traits stands in theories in many forms and for many reasons. Relevant arguments about conventionalities in science will briefly be discussed, pointing out a Linguistic Conventionalism and a Methodological Conventionalism. We will show the common ground between the two and how they interact. Eventually we will highlight how conventionality of theoretical framework implies conventionality of the mathematics and the ontology adopted.
{"title":"SCIENZA PER CONVENZIONE?","authors":"L. Poggiali","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.469","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific Conventionalism claims that conventional traits stands in theories in many forms and for many reasons. Relevant arguments about conventionalities in science will briefly be discussed, pointing out a Linguistic Conventionalism and a Methodological Conventionalism. We will show the common ground between the two and how they interact. Eventually we will highlight how conventionality of theoretical framework implies conventionality of the mathematics and the ontology adopted.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127388661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.461
P. Perinotti
While classical physics is consistent with an objectivist point of view, the advent of modern physics undermines its fundamental assumptions. Quantum mechanics, in particular, put a question to the philosophy of science as to whether its intrinsically probabilistic interpretation should be revised in order to save the traditional epistemology, or should be adopted unconditionally, along with its revolutionary consequences. We propose some crucial arguments in favour of the second option. Finally, we discuss how the above choice may suggest a constructivist view about the nature of physical sciences.
{"title":"COSTRUTTIVISMO E REALISMO NELLE SCIENZE FISICHE","authors":"P. Perinotti","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.461","url":null,"abstract":"While classical physics is consistent with an objectivist point of view, the advent of modern physics undermines its fundamental assumptions. Quantum mechanics, in particular, put a question to the philosophy of science as to whether its intrinsically probabilistic interpretation should be revised in order to save the traditional epistemology, or should be adopted unconditionally, along with its revolutionary consequences. We propose some crucial arguments in favour of the second option. Finally, we discuss how the above choice may suggest a constructivist view about the nature of physical sciences.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127040013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.463
Enrico Cinti
In this brief contribution, I will introduce one of the most famous consequences of the interaction between science and mathematics, Putnam and Quine’s argument for the indispensability of mathematical entities. We will start by looking at its standard formulation, and how it is particularly cogent for scientific realists. After this, we will look at the main components of the argument, that is indispensability, naturalism and confirmational holism. Furthermore, we will see how naturalism and confirmational holism give rise to the specific type of scientific realism that underlies Putnam and Quine’s argument. Finally, we will look at some objections and unresolved issues connected to the argument.
{"title":"SCIENZA E MATEMATICA: IL CASO DELL’INDISPENSABILITÀ","authors":"Enrico Cinti","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.463","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief contribution, I will introduce one of the most famous consequences of the interaction between science and mathematics, Putnam and Quine’s argument for the indispensability of mathematical entities. We will start by looking at its standard formulation, and how it is particularly cogent for scientific realists. After this, we will look at the main components of the argument, that is indispensability, naturalism and confirmational holism. Furthermore, we will see how naturalism and confirmational holism give rise to the specific type of scientific realism that underlies Putnam and Quine’s argument. Finally, we will look at some objections and unresolved issues connected to the argument.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133178372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.464
Francesca Boccuni
Two of the most influential foundational approaches in the philosophy of mathematics of the past thirty years, i.e. neologicism and ante rem mathematical structuralism, suffer from metaphysical and semantic indeterminacy. My present aim is to offer an explanation of this phenomenon and provide a solution in terms of arbitrary reference.
{"title":"REALISMO E INDETERMINATEZZA NEI FONDAMENTI DELLA MATEMATICA","authors":"Francesca Boccuni","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.464","url":null,"abstract":"Two of the most influential foundational approaches in the philosophy of mathematics of the past thirty years, i.e. neologicism and ante rem mathematical structuralism, suffer from metaphysical and semantic indeterminacy. My present aim is to offer an explanation of this phenomenon and provide a solution in terms of arbitrary reference.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123471834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.468
G. Torrengo
When we explain something we use hypotheses, that is representations, which we formulate on the basis of some background theory or other. What makes such representations explanations are facts in the world. If, for instance, I can appeal to the hypothesis that the second referee has been unfair as a way of accounting for why Claudio is upset. and such a hypothesis is a (good) explanation if and only if the second referee has been unfair. It follows that even if scientific theories can always be read in an instrumentalist sense, in using them to formulate explanatory hypotheses we often appeal, implicitly or explicitly, to readings of them that go beyond their empirical content.
{"title":"ALCUNE NOTE SULLA NOZIONE DI SPIEGAZIONE NELLE SCIENZE E IN FILOSOFIA","authors":"G. Torrengo","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.468","url":null,"abstract":"When we explain something we use hypotheses, that is representations, which we formulate on the basis of some background theory or other. What makes such representations explanations are facts in the world. If, for instance, I can appeal to the hypothesis that the second referee has been unfair as a way of accounting for why Claudio is upset. and such a hypothesis is a (good) explanation if and only if the second referee has been unfair. It follows that even if scientific theories can always be read in an instrumentalist sense, in using them to formulate explanatory hypotheses we often appeal, implicitly or explicitly, to readings of them that go beyond their empirical content.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"49 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120970396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-04DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.466
Matteo Morganti
In the present paper, I aim to point out the shortcomings of those rather popular ‘radical’ naturalistic approaches to philosophy (especially metaphysics) according to which the latter can either be made dependent on, or altogether eliminated in favour of, science (especially physics). Based on a case study concerning the ontology of quantum entities, I will argue that – since metaphysical and scientific hypotheses are equally underdetermined by the empirical data – a moderate naturalistic approach is preferable, whereby metaphysics and physics are to be intended as complementary activities.
{"title":"IPOTESI E SOTTODETERMINAZIONE IN FISICA E METAFISICA","authors":"Matteo Morganti","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2019.466","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, I aim to point out the shortcomings of those rather popular ‘radical’ naturalistic approaches to philosophy (especially metaphysics) according to which the latter can either be made dependent on, or altogether eliminated in favour of, science (especially physics). Based on a case study concerning the ontology of quantum entities, I will argue that – since metaphysical and scientific hypotheses are equally underdetermined by the empirical data – a moderate naturalistic approach is preferable, whereby metaphysics and physics are to be intended as complementary activities.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.4081/INCONTRI.2018.427
Luigi Agnati Con la collaborazione di, G. Maura, M. Marcoli, Diego Guidolin
The term “hubris” is used here to indicate the consequence of the Mis-Exaptation of inner speech, which becomes so self-referential and impetuous that the individual is led to believe that he is omnipotent and that the entire ecosystem is not an “end”, but only a “means” through which he can achieve an objective that he deems, erroneously, to be extremely important to him. We present the innovative hypothesis that a positive feedback loop is established between the deterioration of the ecosystem and the onset of the neuropathological syndrome of “hubris”, which is deemed to be caused by alterations in the integrative functions of brain circuits. We suggest that this vicious circle is sustained by environmental toxins and the impoverishment of the ecosystem, which cause neuro-degeneration and, more generally, impair the integrative action of brain circuits. The consequence envisioned is that this positive feedback loop, which at present is not only uncontrolled but actually potentiated by the socio-economic context, may give rise to the “Sixth Extinction”.
{"title":"LA HYBRIS, SINDROME NEUROPATOLOGICA CHE FAVORISCE IL DETERIORARSI DELL’ECOSISTEMA CHE PUÒ PRELUDERE ALLA “SESTA ESTINZIONE”","authors":"Luigi Agnati Con la collaborazione di, G. Maura, M. Marcoli, Diego Guidolin","doi":"10.4081/INCONTRI.2018.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/INCONTRI.2018.427","url":null,"abstract":"The term “hubris” is used here to indicate the consequence of the Mis-Exaptation of inner speech, which becomes so self-referential and impetuous that the individual is led to believe that he is omnipotent and that the entire ecosystem is not an “end”, but only a “means” through which he can achieve an objective that he deems, erroneously, to be extremely important to him. We present the innovative hypothesis that a positive feedback loop is established between the deterioration of the ecosystem and the onset of the neuropathological syndrome of “hubris”, which is deemed to be caused by alterations in the integrative functions of brain circuits. We suggest that this vicious circle is sustained by environmental toxins and the impoverishment of the ecosystem, which cause neuro-degeneration and, more generally, impair the integrative action of brain circuits. The consequence envisioned is that this positive feedback loop, which at present is not only uncontrolled but actually potentiated by the socio-economic context, may give rise to the “Sixth Extinction”.","PeriodicalId":119535,"journal":{"name":"Istituto Lombardo - Accademia di Scienze e Lettere - Incontri di Studio","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126701925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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