Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671740
F. Ruf, Markus M. Schill, A. Barthels, T. P. Kohler, H. Michel, J. Froeschl, H. Herzog
In the last years, hydraulic powered chassis control systems have been replaced by electrical systems due to efficiency reasons. Additionally, more and more comfort electronics have been integrated. These circumstances have lead to a high power demand in today's automotive power nets. For this reason, voltage stability has become an important design criterion of the power net. This paper describes a simulation based method to optimize the power net topology and the dimensioning of components with regard to voltage stability requirements. A Modified Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization is used in combination with a physical power net simulation. In order to optimize the topology itself, a tool flow for an automated change of the simulation model is presented. To achieve best possible performance, the influence of the configuration parameters on the algorithm performance is evaluated and appropriate parameters are chosen for the given problem. Finally, exemplary optimization results are shown by pointing out optimal topologies for different constraints of the minimum terminal voltage.
{"title":"Topology and Design Optimization of a 14 V Automotive Power Net Using a Modified Discrete PSO in a Physical Simulation","authors":"F. Ruf, Markus M. Schill, A. Barthels, T. P. Kohler, H. Michel, J. Froeschl, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671740","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, hydraulic powered chassis control systems have been replaced by electrical systems due to efficiency reasons. Additionally, more and more comfort electronics have been integrated. These circumstances have lead to a high power demand in today's automotive power nets. For this reason, voltage stability has become an important design criterion of the power net. This paper describes a simulation based method to optimize the power net topology and the dimensioning of components with regard to voltage stability requirements. A Modified Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization is used in combination with a physical power net simulation. In order to optimize the topology itself, a tool flow for an automated change of the simulation model is presented. To achieve best possible performance, the influence of the configuration parameters on the algorithm performance is evaluated and appropriate parameters are chosen for the given problem. Finally, exemplary optimization results are shown by pointing out optimal topologies for different constraints of the minimum terminal voltage.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121247835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vehicle active safety control attracts ever increasing attention in the attempt to improve the stability and the maneuverability. The main contribution of this paper is that a neural network inverse controller for combined active front steering with direct yaw moment control of the electric vehicles is proposed. The proposed system is co-simulated based on the vehicle simulation package CarSim in connection with Matlab/Simulink. The simulated results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
{"title":"Active Safety Neural Network Inverse Decoupling Control for Multi-Wheel Independently Driven Electric Vehicles","authors":"Duo Zhang, Guohai Liu, Longsheng Wang, Penghu Miao, Guihua Sun, Huawei Zhou","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671662","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle active safety control attracts ever increasing attention in the attempt to improve the stability and the maneuverability. The main contribution of this paper is that a neural network inverse controller for combined active front steering with direct yaw moment control of the electric vehicles is proposed. The proposed system is co-simulated based on the vehicle simulation package CarSim in connection with Matlab/Simulink. The simulated results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"48 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131639443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671677
He Chengkun, Zhang Junzhi, Wang Lifang, Gou Jinfang, L. Yutong
Considering the influence of the transition process of a combined brake system between regenerative brake and friction brake, a closed-loop speed control method was proposed to emulate the load of regenerative braking system based on motor- dynamometer set. By analyzing the dynamics of regenerative braking system and emulation system, the key for emulating load of regenerative braking system was unveiled. The key point was to deal with the problem of the disturbance of the braking states transition. Therefore a combination controller including a linear quadratic optimal controller and a sliding mode controller was designed, while the former was used to resist the disturbance, and the latter was used to compensate the offset of performance index bringing by the nonlinear part. Simulations were carried out to test the effect of the proposed combination control. The results showed that the designed combination control could resist the disturbance effectively and has better dynamic characteristics than traditional PI control.
{"title":"Dynamic Load Emulation of Regenerative Braking System during Electrified Vehicle Braking States Transition","authors":"He Chengkun, Zhang Junzhi, Wang Lifang, Gou Jinfang, L. Yutong","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671677","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the influence of the transition process of a combined brake system between regenerative brake and friction brake, a closed-loop speed control method was proposed to emulate the load of regenerative braking system based on motor- dynamometer set. By analyzing the dynamics of regenerative braking system and emulation system, the key for emulating load of regenerative braking system was unveiled. The key point was to deal with the problem of the disturbance of the braking states transition. Therefore a combination controller including a linear quadratic optimal controller and a sliding mode controller was designed, while the former was used to resist the disturbance, and the latter was used to compensate the offset of performance index bringing by the nonlinear part. Simulations were carried out to test the effect of the proposed combination control. The results showed that the designed combination control could resist the disturbance effectively and has better dynamic characteristics than traditional PI control.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123188918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671744
Xuanfeng Wang, Guangwen Shi, Chaosheng Huang, Mingyue Wang, Zhe Wang
The paper makes a study on the relation between power consumption decline of air compressor and oil saving of heavy-duty vehicle. First, on the basis of theoretical mathematical equations and actual bench test, the paper clearly analyzes the effective and ineffective shaft powers of air compressor. Second, road test is carried out so as to describe the relation between the load rate of air compressor and the average speed of vehicle. Finally, based on the research outcomes, the paper puts forward an effective approach of reducing power consumption of air compressor which synchronously improves the oil saving of heavy-duty vehicle.
{"title":"Affect of Power Consumption Decline of Air Compressor on Oil Saving of Heavy-duty Vehicle","authors":"Xuanfeng Wang, Guangwen Shi, Chaosheng Huang, Mingyue Wang, Zhe Wang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671744","url":null,"abstract":"The paper makes a study on the relation between power consumption decline of air compressor and oil saving of heavy-duty vehicle. First, on the basis of theoretical mathematical equations and actual bench test, the paper clearly analyzes the effective and ineffective shaft powers of air compressor. Second, road test is carried out so as to describe the relation between the load rate of air compressor and the average speed of vehicle. Finally, based on the research outcomes, the paper puts forward an effective approach of reducing power consumption of air compressor which synchronously improves the oil saving of heavy-duty vehicle.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123122483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Zhang, S. Qiu, G. Zhu, Y. Ma, W. Chen, S. C. Wong
Li-ion battery is becoming the optimal choice for EV's power supply. In order to keep the Li-ion battery away from charging damage and prolong the battery's life, we present and evaluate here a special control strategy based on dynamic balanced point along with a non-dissipative equalizer. The main focus of the proposed control strategy is to insure that individual cell of a battery pack will be rapidly, efficiently and simultaneously balanced by adjusting equalizing current dynamically. In this paper, a model of four series connected Li-ion batteries pack has been established to evaluate proposed control strategy. The superior performance is shown by the simulation.
{"title":"Balancing Control Strategy for Li-Ion Batteries String Based on Dynamic Balanced Point","authors":"D. Zhang, S. Qiu, G. Zhu, Y. Ma, W. Chen, S. C. Wong","doi":"10.3390/EN8031830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/EN8031830","url":null,"abstract":"Li-ion battery is becoming the optimal choice for EV's power supply. In order to keep the Li-ion battery away from charging damage and prolong the battery's life, we present and evaluate here a special control strategy based on dynamic balanced point along with a non-dissipative equalizer. The main focus of the proposed control strategy is to insure that individual cell of a battery pack will be rapidly, efficiently and simultaneously balanced by adjusting equalizing current dynamically. In this paper, a model of four series connected Li-ion batteries pack has been established to evaluate proposed control strategy. The superior performance is shown by the simulation.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124853681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671723
Yi Fan, Jing Chen, Xin Chen, Chunying Gong, Ling Fang
A time-sharing dual-mode control strategy for conventional single-phase two-stage grid-tied photovoltaic inverter is investigated in this paper. By comparing the PV and grid voltage, the two stages will operate at high frequency switch-mode in turns in every half grid cycle, but never at the same. The operational principle of time-sharing dual-mode sinewave PWM modulation scheme is firstly elaborated. Moreover, the advantage in improving the efficiency of the system is proved in a quantitative way with the usage of loss analysis. Besides, the integration of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method with the adopted control strategy is also discussed. The effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is verified with the use of Matlab-Simulink and proved from a practical point of view.
{"title":"Time-Sharing Dual-Mode Control Strategy for Two-Stage Single-Phase Grid-Tied PV Inverter","authors":"Yi Fan, Jing Chen, Xin Chen, Chunying Gong, Ling Fang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671723","url":null,"abstract":"A time-sharing dual-mode control strategy for conventional single-phase two-stage grid-tied photovoltaic inverter is investigated in this paper. By comparing the PV and grid voltage, the two stages will operate at high frequency switch-mode in turns in every half grid cycle, but never at the same. The operational principle of time-sharing dual-mode sinewave PWM modulation scheme is firstly elaborated. Moreover, the advantage in improving the efficiency of the system is proved in a quantitative way with the usage of loss analysis. Besides, the integration of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method with the adopted control strategy is also discussed. The effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is verified with the use of Matlab-Simulink and proved from a practical point of view.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130118155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671671
P. Cicconi, M. Germani, D. Landi, M. Mengarelli
A niche of the electric vehicle market is the electric retrofit of existing vehicles. These updates replace internal combustion engines with high efficiency electric motors and high capacity Li-ion batteries. This market is dominated by mostly small and medium size enterprises that provide tailored solutions to customers. These companies seek to reduce their costs and lead times by using virtual prototyping tools and methods in the main design processes. In this context, our work defines a design methodology to support designers in the definition of cooling systems. As a test case, we analyzed the electric retrofit of a small electric car with a lead-acid battery that was updated to Li-ion technology. We focused on a simulation of the cooling of the battery using a thermal analysis based on the physical parameters of the cell and test bench results. The issue is the evaluation of the heat generated by the electrochemical reactions of lithium ion battery cells. A representative battery module was simulated following the methodological approach. The virtual prototyping analysis was divided into two levels: the thermal simulation of a single cell, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a battery module composed of LiFePO4 prismatic cells. The geometric and fluid dynamic parameters were investigated with a CFD solver to study the cooling performance. A cooling system configuration was proposed and analyzed using the virtual prototyping tools.
{"title":"Cooling Simulation of an EV Battery Pack to Support a Retrofit Project from Lead-Acid to Li-Ion Cells","authors":"P. Cicconi, M. Germani, D. Landi, M. Mengarelli","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671671","url":null,"abstract":"A niche of the electric vehicle market is the electric retrofit of existing vehicles. These updates replace internal combustion engines with high efficiency electric motors and high capacity Li-ion batteries. This market is dominated by mostly small and medium size enterprises that provide tailored solutions to customers. These companies seek to reduce their costs and lead times by using virtual prototyping tools and methods in the main design processes. In this context, our work defines a design methodology to support designers in the definition of cooling systems. As a test case, we analyzed the electric retrofit of a small electric car with a lead-acid battery that was updated to Li-ion technology. We focused on a simulation of the cooling of the battery using a thermal analysis based on the physical parameters of the cell and test bench results. The issue is the evaluation of the heat generated by the electrochemical reactions of lithium ion battery cells. A representative battery module was simulated following the methodological approach. The virtual prototyping analysis was divided into two levels: the thermal simulation of a single cell, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a battery module composed of LiFePO4 prismatic cells. The geometric and fluid dynamic parameters were investigated with a CFD solver to study the cooling performance. A cooling system configuration was proposed and analyzed using the virtual prototyping tools.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127653252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671695
M. Rogge, S. Rothgang, D. Sauer
Range extenders are claimed to be the enabler for electric mobility. They offer the possibility of reducing the battery capacity and therefore the system costs. Furthermore, they can ease the range anxiety. The overall system performance is determined by the operating strategy. In this paper, a simulation model of an electric vehicle with a range extender is described. The model is used to analyze three different operating strategies regarding fuel consumption and battery aging.
{"title":"Operating Strategies for a Range Extender Used in Battery Electric Vehicles","authors":"M. Rogge, S. Rothgang, D. Sauer","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671695","url":null,"abstract":"Range extenders are claimed to be the enabler for electric mobility. They offer the possibility of reducing the battery capacity and therefore the system costs. Furthermore, they can ease the range anxiety. The overall system performance is determined by the operating strategy. In this paper, a simulation model of an electric vehicle with a range extender is described. The model is used to analyze three different operating strategies regarding fuel consumption and battery aging.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127734827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671706
Xiangwu Yan, Ri En, Yanyan Li
In recent years, electric vehicles have an extraordinary development in many countries of the world because of their advantages of emission-free, energy saving and high efficiency. With the increasing use of residential parking with charging piles for electric vehicle, the charge of electric vehicle will have significant impacts on planning and operation of residential distribution system. Firstly, the impacts of on-board charging devices with different electrical characteristics on alternating current power supply were discussed. Additionally, the electrical effects of electric vehicle integration into three typical residential communities were demonstrated. By evaluating harmonic in residential distribution system, three-phase unbalance degree and voltage deviation, two suitable power supply mode for electric vehicle charging devices in residential community and possible entry approval standards of on-board charger were proposed.
{"title":"Research on Power Supply Mode for Electric Vehicle Charging Devices in Residential Community","authors":"Xiangwu Yan, Ri En, Yanyan Li","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671706","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, electric vehicles have an extraordinary development in many countries of the world because of their advantages of emission-free, energy saving and high efficiency. With the increasing use of residential parking with charging piles for electric vehicle, the charge of electric vehicle will have significant impacts on planning and operation of residential distribution system. Firstly, the impacts of on-board charging devices with different electrical characteristics on alternating current power supply were discussed. Additionally, the electrical effects of electric vehicle integration into three typical residential communities were demonstrated. By evaluating harmonic in residential distribution system, three-phase unbalance degree and voltage deviation, two suitable power supply mode for electric vehicle charging devices in residential community and possible entry approval standards of on-board charger were proposed.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671686
L. Qiao, Fanchen Kong, Xiaoyong Zhu, Yeming Ge, L. Quan
By incorporating the magnetization level of AINiCo permanent magnets (AINiCo-PMs) into doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) motor, a new doubly salient flux memory (DSFM) motor is proposed. The magnetization level of permanent magnets (PMs) in the motor can be easily regulated by a temporary dc current pulse and then be memorized automatically. So the resulting new memory motor can not only retain high power density, but also offer efficient air-gap flux control. The purpose of this paper is to build a simulation model of speed control system in DSFM motor, where dynamic performances are investigated in details at different magnetic flux levels. The simulation results shows that the DSFM motor has the advantages of the wide speed range at high speed operation and high torque density at low speed operation, which makes it suitable for the application in electric vehicles (EVs).
{"title":"Investigation on the Dynamic Performances of a Doubly Salient Flux Memory Motor under On-Line Flux Regulation for Electric Vehicles","authors":"L. Qiao, Fanchen Kong, Xiaoyong Zhu, Yeming Ge, L. Quan","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671686","url":null,"abstract":"By incorporating the magnetization level of AINiCo permanent magnets (AINiCo-PMs) into doubly salient permanent magnet (DSPM) motor, a new doubly salient flux memory (DSFM) motor is proposed. The magnetization level of permanent magnets (PMs) in the motor can be easily regulated by a temporary dc current pulse and then be memorized automatically. So the resulting new memory motor can not only retain high power density, but also offer efficient air-gap flux control. The purpose of this paper is to build a simulation model of speed control system in DSFM motor, where dynamic performances are investigated in details at different magnetic flux levels. The simulation results shows that the DSFM motor has the advantages of the wide speed range at high speed operation and high torque density at low speed operation, which makes it suitable for the application in electric vehicles (EVs).","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121118838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：