Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671718
Xueliang Huang, H. Qiang, Zhenchen Huang, Yi Sun, Jun Li
As an important part of the smart grid, Electric Vehicles (EVs) could be a good measure against energy shortages and environmental pollutions. By wireless charging technology, the interaction between EVs and the grid could be achieved without physical link. In this paper, the interaction capability of the EVs based wireless charging and the smart grid is mainly studied. The results of numerical simulations show that the EVs based wireless charging could better absorb renewable energy and reduce the impact of large-scale EVs application on the power distribution system. Finally, a four-layer framework of V2G system is designed for the EVs based wireless charging.
{"title":"The Interaction Research of Smart Grid and EV Based Wireless Charging","authors":"Xueliang Huang, H. Qiang, Zhenchen Huang, Yi Sun, Jun Li","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671718","url":null,"abstract":"As an important part of the smart grid, Electric Vehicles (EVs) could be a good measure against energy shortages and environmental pollutions. By wireless charging technology, the interaction between EVs and the grid could be achieved without physical link. In this paper, the interaction capability of the EVs based wireless charging and the smart grid is mainly studied. The results of numerical simulations show that the EVs based wireless charging could better absorb renewable energy and reduce the impact of large-scale EVs application on the power distribution system. Finally, a four-layer framework of V2G system is designed for the EVs based wireless charging.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131691118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671670
R. Sehab, Tang Shanan
This paper presents an approach to emulate at a reduced scale, an electric vehicle drivetrain by two electric machines easily exploitable. Two control laws associated to the electric machines are established in order to reproduce at a real scale the dynamic behavior of the electric vehicle drivetrain on an equivalent electric system. The control laws are established from the dynamic behavior of the vehicle drivetrain where the driver and the control unit of the electric vehicle are taken into account. Also a scale factor is sized according to the power of the electric vehicle and the test bench of two electric machines. A validation is carried out using ARTEMIS mission profiles where energy recovery is also quantified from the highway to the jam. Therefore the proposed approach is very useful to calibrate industrial automotive test benches in order to optimize time and cost of development. Also, it's a fast way to validate and to optimize the designed control loops or other functions to implement in the control unit of the electric vehicle drivetrain.
{"title":"Control Laws for the Emulation of an Electric Vehicle Drivetrain by Two Electric Machines","authors":"R. Sehab, Tang Shanan","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671670","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to emulate at a reduced scale, an electric vehicle drivetrain by two electric machines easily exploitable. Two control laws associated to the electric machines are established in order to reproduce at a real scale the dynamic behavior of the electric vehicle drivetrain on an equivalent electric system. The control laws are established from the dynamic behavior of the vehicle drivetrain where the driver and the control unit of the electric vehicle are taken into account. Also a scale factor is sized according to the power of the electric vehicle and the test bench of two electric machines. A validation is carried out using ARTEMIS mission profiles where energy recovery is also quantified from the highway to the jam. Therefore the proposed approach is very useful to calibrate industrial automotive test benches in order to optimize time and cost of development. Also, it's a fast way to validate and to optimize the designed control loops or other functions to implement in the control unit of the electric vehicle drivetrain.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128985146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671660
Haifeng Dai, Xiaolong Zhang, Weijun Gu, Xuezhe Wei, Zechang Sun
To ensure a reliable application of li-ion batteries on electric vehicles (EVs), life prediction of li- ion cells is very essential. The main objective of the present study is to propose a semi-empirical capacity fading model of li-ion batteries being practical for predicting the degradation of battery capacity under real working conditions. The capacity fading of li-ion cells is considered to be mainly caused by side reaction, which consumes the active materials. The main contribution of the study is that the model is not founded only empirically based on the experiment results, but also with the theoretical description of side reaction based on Eyring equation. By this combined model, it is expected to get an accurate and meanwhile practical model for performance prediction. The model takes DOD, temperature and current rate as three main factors affecting ageing process. The ageing tests were designed and implemented to get the parameters of the capacity fading model, and one validation experiment was used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model. There is a good agreement between the actual capacity degradation and predicted capacity degradation.
{"title":"A Semi-Empirical Capacity Degradation Model of EV Li-Ion Batteries Based on Eyring Equation","authors":"Haifeng Dai, Xiaolong Zhang, Weijun Gu, Xuezhe Wei, Zechang Sun","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671660","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure a reliable application of li-ion batteries on electric vehicles (EVs), life prediction of li- ion cells is very essential. The main objective of the present study is to propose a semi-empirical capacity fading model of li-ion batteries being practical for predicting the degradation of battery capacity under real working conditions. The capacity fading of li-ion cells is considered to be mainly caused by side reaction, which consumes the active materials. The main contribution of the study is that the model is not founded only empirically based on the experiment results, but also with the theoretical description of side reaction based on Eyring equation. By this combined model, it is expected to get an accurate and meanwhile practical model for performance prediction. The model takes DOD, temperature and current rate as three main factors affecting ageing process. The ageing tests were designed and implemented to get the parameters of the capacity fading model, and one validation experiment was used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model. There is a good agreement between the actual capacity degradation and predicted capacity degradation.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115756039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671717
Ying Fan, Li Zhang, M. Wei
This paper presents an improved control scheme of a new self-decelerating permanent-magnet (SDPM) in-wheel motor, the direct torque control (DTC) method is adopted based on flux linkage adaptive approach and SVPWM technique. The topological structure and operating principle of the proposed SDPM in-wheel motor for electric vehicles (EVs) is introduced. According to the mathematical model of this motor, the expected voltage calculation and flux linkage adaptive models are established. Furthermore, the improved DTC method based on the proposed PM motor is verified by simulation and experiment results. The results show that the improved DTC algorithm has the merits of rapid dynamic response, low torque and flux linkage ripple, fixed switching frequency, good sinusoidal current, and small reactive current component. Therefore, it can meet the high performance requirement for EVs drive system.
{"title":"The Improved Direct Torque Control of a New Self-Decelerating Permanent-Magnet In-Wheel Motor for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Ying Fan, Li Zhang, M. Wei","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved control scheme of a new self-decelerating permanent-magnet (SDPM) in-wheel motor, the direct torque control (DTC) method is adopted based on flux linkage adaptive approach and SVPWM technique. The topological structure and operating principle of the proposed SDPM in-wheel motor for electric vehicles (EVs) is introduced. According to the mathematical model of this motor, the expected voltage calculation and flux linkage adaptive models are established. Furthermore, the improved DTC method based on the proposed PM motor is verified by simulation and experiment results. The results show that the improved DTC algorithm has the merits of rapid dynamic response, low torque and flux linkage ripple, fixed switching frequency, good sinusoidal current, and small reactive current component. Therefore, it can meet the high performance requirement for EVs drive system.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123256729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, resistances of charging and discharging process were distinguished both by current-interrupt technique in time-domain and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) in frequency-domain. It is found that when the SOC varies from 0 to 0.4, the resistances of discharging process are larger than that of charging process. However, the difference between these two resistances decrease as the SOC increases, and then two resistances almost equal in the SOC range of 0.4 to 0.8. Then as the SOC increases further and approaches 1.0, the latter resistance exceeds the former one. A mathematical model to fit the voltage change in the current-interrupt experiments and an equivalent circuit to fit the impedance in the DEIS experiments are employed to find out the component of the total resistance which dominates the shift of resistance magnitude of charging/discharging process as the SOC increases from 0 to 1. It is concluded that the charge transfer resistance RCT and the diffusion resistance RD, contributed to a large proportion of the magnitude shift.
{"title":"The Study of Resistance Variation between Charging and Discharging Process by Current-Interrupt Technique and Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS)","authors":"Jianbo Zhang, Jun Huang, Zhe Li, Shaoling Song, Wen'e Song, Ningning Wu","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671720","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, resistances of charging and discharging process were distinguished both by current-interrupt technique in time-domain and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) in frequency-domain. It is found that when the SOC varies from 0 to 0.4, the resistances of discharging process are larger than that of charging process. However, the difference between these two resistances decrease as the SOC increases, and then two resistances almost equal in the SOC range of 0.4 to 0.8. Then as the SOC increases further and approaches 1.0, the latter resistance exceeds the former one. A mathematical model to fit the voltage change in the current-interrupt experiments and an equivalent circuit to fit the impedance in the DEIS experiments are employed to find out the component of the total resistance which dominates the shift of resistance magnitude of charging/discharging process as the SOC increases from 0 to 1. It is concluded that the charge transfer resistance RCT and the diffusion resistance RD, contributed to a large proportion of the magnitude shift.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130816660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671708
Yunyun Chen, L. Quan, Lihong Mo, X. Zhu
This paper focuses on a simulation and analysis of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a double rotor motor (DRM) based on the ADVIOSR software. The DRM is a novel series-parallel HEV powertrain concept which realizes the power split function in an electromagnetic way rather than in a mechanical way with a planetary gear. In this paper, a simulation model of a HEV with a DRM is established through performing the redevelopment in ADVISOR. A dynamic simulation was performed to take into account different driving cycles. The model and simulation method are verified reasonable and feasible based on the simulation results (fuel economy, power performance). Compared with the simulation results of PRIUS model and parallel HEV model, the distinct advantage of the proposed HEV belonging to the DRM can be obviously found out.
{"title":"Simulation and Analysis of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle with a Double Rotor Motor","authors":"Yunyun Chen, L. Quan, Lihong Mo, X. Zhu","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671708","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a simulation and analysis of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a double rotor motor (DRM) based on the ADVIOSR software. The DRM is a novel series-parallel HEV powertrain concept which realizes the power split function in an electromagnetic way rather than in a mechanical way with a planetary gear. In this paper, a simulation model of a HEV with a DRM is established through performing the redevelopment in ADVISOR. A dynamic simulation was performed to take into account different driving cycles. The model and simulation method are verified reasonable and feasible based on the simulation results (fuel economy, power performance). Compared with the simulation results of PRIUS model and parallel HEV model, the distinct advantage of the proposed HEV belonging to the DRM can be obviously found out.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116324590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671729
A. Kosari, M. Peyrovani, M. Fakoor, H. N. Pishkenari
In this paper, LQG/LTR controller is designed for attitude control of the geostationary satellite at nominal mode. Usage actuator is the reaction wheel and control torque is determined by the LQR regulator. LQR controller signal has good performance, if all states are considered in feedback, but does not include model and sensors noises. Usage sensors are sun and earth sensors and EKF is used for estimation of noisy states. Then, LQG and LQG/LTR controllers are designed based on the estimated states, and are compared with LQR controller. The results show that robustness and performance of LQG/LTR are better than LQG and its control overshoot is smaller than LQR. The term that is provided in designs, is avoiding of saturation of actuator.
{"title":"Design of LQG/LTR Controller for Attitude Control of Geostationary Satellite Using Reaction Wheels","authors":"A. Kosari, M. Peyrovani, M. Fakoor, H. N. Pishkenari","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671729","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, LQG/LTR controller is designed for attitude control of the geostationary satellite at nominal mode. Usage actuator is the reaction wheel and control torque is determined by the LQR regulator. LQR controller signal has good performance, if all states are considered in feedback, but does not include model and sensors noises. Usage sensors are sun and earth sensors and EKF is used for estimation of noisy states. Then, LQG and LQG/LTR controllers are designed based on the estimated states, and are compared with LQR controller. The results show that robustness and performance of LQG/LTR are better than LQG and its control overshoot is smaller than LQR. The term that is provided in designs, is avoiding of saturation of actuator.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133283196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671657
Lei Jiang, Yong Zhang, Xi Zhang, Chengliang Yin, Jinchuan Li
In this paper, a novel topology of a non-isolated boost converter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) capabilities is presented. In order to realize ZVS conditions, the auxiliary circuit only consists of a coupled inductor and a diode, which operates with a zero-current-switching (ZCS) condition. Due to ZVS, the reverse recovery problem of MOSFET anti-parallel body diodes can be resolved, and the voltage and current stresses on the switch components are also reduced. The detailed operating analysis of the proposed converter and the design method of the main circuit are also presented. With the aim to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed boost converter, the simulation results are also given.
{"title":"A Novel Soft-Switching Boost Converter with a Coupled Inductor for Automotive Applications","authors":"Lei Jiang, Yong Zhang, Xi Zhang, Chengliang Yin, Jinchuan Li","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671657","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel topology of a non-isolated boost converter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) capabilities is presented. In order to realize ZVS conditions, the auxiliary circuit only consists of a coupled inductor and a diode, which operates with a zero-current-switching (ZCS) condition. Due to ZVS, the reverse recovery problem of MOSFET anti-parallel body diodes can be resolved, and the voltage and current stresses on the switch components are also reduced. The detailed operating analysis of the proposed converter and the design method of the main circuit are also presented. With the aim to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed boost converter, the simulation results are also given.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122023698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671712
A. Dietermann, B. Baker, S. Knoll
The evaluation of electric/electronic-architectures is the main topic of this document. The electric power train is chosen as example system, as it embodies the typical challenges of modern e/e-architecture development. New electric and electronic functionalities are developed and required in the automotive industry and already existing mechanically realized functionalities are exchanged by electric and electronic ones. The electric power train meats both occurrences at one time. An introduction is given to the widely used scenario based evaluation method of electrical systems and software, as well as two alternative evaluation methods. The methods are analyzed regarding their usability to the given use-case. Finally the chosen method is described in detail. With the topic of evaluation, this paper is to be understood as a contribution to the optimization of e/e-architectures; in specific to the logical allocation, functional integration, and interconnection of the to be integrated technical modules and components.
{"title":"Structured Development and Evaluation of Electric/Electronic-Architectures of the Electric Power Train","authors":"A. Dietermann, B. Baker, S. Knoll","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671712","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of electric/electronic-architectures is the main topic of this document. The electric power train is chosen as example system, as it embodies the typical challenges of modern e/e-architecture development. New electric and electronic functionalities are developed and required in the automotive industry and already existing mechanically realized functionalities are exchanged by electric and electronic ones. The electric power train meats both occurrences at one time. An introduction is given to the widely used scenario based evaluation method of electrical systems and software, as well as two alternative evaluation methods. The methods are analyzed regarding their usability to the given use-case. Finally the chosen method is described in detail. With the topic of evaluation, this paper is to be understood as a contribution to the optimization of e/e-architectures; in specific to the logical allocation, functional integration, and interconnection of the to be integrated technical modules and components.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125083086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-21DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671730
T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger
The Hybrid4 PSA Peugeot Citroën architecture is one of the most complex HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) in the market. This vehicle's architecture is called double parallel HEV. The complexity of this technology makes its control complex. The objective of this paper is to highlight the different benefits of this architecture regarding different driving cycles. The Energetic Macroscopic Representation is used to describe and to deduce the systematic control.
{"title":"Benefits of a Double Parallel 4-Wheel-Drive HEV for Different Driving Cycles","authors":"T. Letrouvé, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, N. Dollinger","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2013.6671730","url":null,"abstract":"The Hybrid4 PSA Peugeot Citroën architecture is one of the most complex HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) in the market. This vehicle's architecture is called double parallel HEV. The complexity of this technology makes its control complex. The objective of this paper is to highlight the different benefits of this architecture regarding different driving cycles. The Energetic Macroscopic Representation is used to describe and to deduce the systematic control.","PeriodicalId":119598,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125459998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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