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Morbidity rate of COVID-19 among the emergency ward workers in Ryazan 梁赞市急诊病房工作人员COVID-19发病率
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.045
T. Bolobonkina, A. Dementiev
The biological factor is one of the leading adverse labor factors for medical workers. Establishing risk factors of exposure to COVID‑19 within this occupational group is a relevant hygienic task. The purpose of the study is to examine the morbidity in coronavirus among the emergency ward workers and determine risk factors of occupational infection. The morbidity rate of COVID‑19 among the emergency ward workers in Ryazan for 2020–2021 has been analyzed. The highest risk of COVID‑19 infection was established for medical workers of mobile teams. The infection risks for drivers and medical workers were comparable. Comparative analysis of COVID‑19 infection rates for drivers and employees of the ward not engaged in mobile teams confirms higher risks of infection of mobile team workers, including the ones who do not participate in provision of medical aid directly. High morbidity rates and statistically significant probability of a more severe course of the disease among mobile team medical workers as compared to drivers and employees not engaged in mobile teams are probably not accidental, and are due to a closer contact with a patient while providing medical aid and, as a consequence, a higher viral load that partially determines the disease severity. Emergency ward workers have a high occupational risk of exposure to COVID‑19 during the pandemic. Mobile team medical workers and drivers are at higher risk of developing the novel coronavirus infection. Emergency care mobile team medical personnel are subjected to the highest risk of a more severe course of the disease.
生物因素是影响医务工作者的主要不良劳动因素之一。在这一职业群体中确定暴露于COVID - 19的风险因素是一项相关的卫生任务。本研究的目的是了解急诊病房工作人员中冠状病毒的发病率,并确定职业感染的危险因素。对梁赞市急诊病房工作人员2020-2021年COVID - 19发病率进行了分析。流动医疗队的医务人员感染COVID - 19的风险最高。司机和医务人员感染风险具有可比性。对不参与流动医疗队的病房司机和员工的COVID - 19感染率进行对比分析,证实流动医疗队工作人员(包括不直接参与提供医疗援助的人员)的感染风险更高。与不参与流动小组的司机和雇员相比,流动小组医务工作者的高发病率和统计上显著的病程更严重的可能性可能不是偶然的,而是由于在提供医疗援助时与病人有更密切的接触,因此,病毒载量更高,这在一定程度上决定了疾病的严重程度。在大流行期间,急诊病房工作人员暴露于COVID - 19的职业风险很高。流动医疗队医务人员和司机感染新型冠状病毒的风险更高。紧急护理流动医疗队医务人员面临的风险最高,病情更为严重。
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引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 pandemic in different countries: Russia, Brazil and India 不同国家的COVID-19大流行:俄罗斯、巴西和印度
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.044
Samantha Dos Santos Rocha Ferreira, KYu Koreshkova, Y. Guduru, LS Rocha, L. Perminova
At the end of December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were registered in China. The cause represented by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was established later. The infection has spread rapidly around the world. According to the latest official data, over 531,959,093 cases of the infection and over 6,299,068 confirmed COVID-19-related mortality cases were reported in 215 countries. The study aimed to examine characteristic features of the novel coronavirus pandemic in Russia, Brazil, and India from April 2020 to March 2022. Official statistical data on COVID-19-related morbidity, mortality, and vaccination from the websites of the Russian Federal State Agency for Health and Consumer Rights and Johns Hopkins Institute were collected for every country from April 01, 2020, to March 01, 2022. Out of the three examined countries, the highest incidence and mortality for COVID-19 per one million people were found in Brazil, followed by Russia and India respectively. The level of vaccination was the highest in Brazil (73%). It was followed by India (53%) and Russia (50%). The Delta variant of the virus was first identified in India in October 2020. In June of the next year, it accounted for the majority of COVID-19 cases registered in three countries. The same was true for the Omicron variant. Despite the efforts taken within the last two years to contain COVID-19 (development of vaccines, use of other antiepidemic agents), the coronavirus infection is still of cyclical patterns along with increased morbidity. Based on the obtained data, massive vaccination effectively reduced mortality due to COVID-19 though many new variants occurred.
截至2019年12月底,中国登记了不明原因肺炎病例。以新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2为代表的病因是后来确立的。这种传染病在全世界迅速蔓延。根据最新官方数据,215个国家报告了超过531,959,093例感染病例和超过6299,068例与covid -19相关的确诊死亡病例。该研究旨在研究2020年4月至2022年3月期间俄罗斯、巴西和印度新型冠状病毒大流行的特征。从2020年4月1日至2022年3月1日,从俄罗斯联邦国家卫生和消费者权利机构和约翰霍普金斯研究所的网站上收集了每个国家与covid -19相关的发病率、死亡率和疫苗接种的官方统计数据。在被调查的三个国家中,巴西的新冠肺炎每百万人的发病率和死亡率最高,其次是俄罗斯和印度。巴西的疫苗接种水平最高(73%)。紧随其后的是印度(53%)和俄罗斯(50%)。该病毒的Delta变体于2020年10月首次在印度被发现。第二年6月,在三个国家登记的COVID-19病例中,它占了大多数。欧米克隆变异也是如此。尽管在过去两年中为控制COVID-19做出了努力(开发疫苗,使用其他抗流行病药物),但冠状病毒感染仍然具有周期性,发病率也在增加。根据获得的数据,尽管出现了许多新的变异,但大规模疫苗接种有效地降低了COVID-19的死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Body mass index of Russian schoolchildren in the second decade of the XXI century 二十一世纪第二个十年俄罗斯学童体质指数
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.036
SP Levushkin, O. Zhukov, N. Skoblina, EV Skoblina
The aim of the study is to establish a trend in the body mass index of schoolchildren in different regions of the country. The study was carried out in 2021 as part of the all-Russian monitoring of the physical development of schoolchildren aged 7–17 years (the number of boys - 30,965, the number of girls - 33,290). The statistical software package Statistica 13 PL has been used for data processing. BMI indicators have been established for Russian schoolchildren. Some regional differences in BMI indicators and the influence of the organization of medical support factor in the region have been shown. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the BMI of schoolchildren and the availability of doctors and nurses per 10,000 of population were -0.63 and -0.39 (p ≤ 0.05). The age and gender standards for BMI for Russian schoolchildren have been updated. A trend towards higher BMI rates in various subjects of the Russian Federation has been revealed, which may be due, among other things, to indicators characterizing the organization of the medical population in the region.
这项研究的目的是确定该国不同地区学童身体质量指数的趋势。这项研究是在2021年进行的,作为全俄罗斯7-17岁学童身体发育监测的一部分(男孩人数为30,965人,女孩人数为33,290人)。数据处理采用统计软件包Statistica 13pl。俄罗斯学童已经建立了身体质量指数。BMI指标的区域差异以及医疗保障因子组织在区域内的影响。学龄儿童BMI与每万人口医生护士可获得性的Pearson相关系数分别为-0.63和-0.39 (p≤0.05)。俄罗斯学童BMI的年龄和性别标准已经更新。俄罗斯联邦各学科的体质指数呈上升趋势,除其他外,这可能是由于该地区医疗人口组织特征指标所致。
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引用次数: 1
Medical volunteering: the present course 医疗志愿服务:当前课程
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.037
PO Savchuk, O. Milushkina
Volunteering is becoming an integral part of life of people of different age. Volunteers can currently be met in every sphere of life. The phenomenon of readiness to free aid is particularly evident in healthcare. Schoolchildren, students and young specialists participate in this process. The purpose of the article is to systematize and represent the modern stage of medical volunteering development as part of volunteer activities and social phenomenon that can be formed with the help of a favorable environment and measures of support at the state, industry-specific and regional levels. Volunteer activity can serve as a good tool of sanitary education of citizens and volunteers.
志愿服务正在成为不同年龄人群生活中不可或缺的一部分。目前,在生活的各个领域都可以见到志愿者。乐于接受免费援助的现象在医疗保健领域尤为明显。小学生、学生和青年专家都参与了这一过程。本文的目的是将医疗志愿作为志愿活动和社会现象的一部分,在国家、行业和地区层面的有利环境和支持措施的帮助下形成的现代医疗志愿发展阶段进行系统化和代表。志愿者活动可以作为对市民和志愿者进行卫生教育的良好工具。
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引用次数: 0
Modern factors determining the status of students’ health 决定学生健康状况的现代因素
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.034
A. Tarasov, R. Rakhmanov, E. Bogomolova, N. Skoblina, O. Ievleva
Students belong to a special medical and social group. A risk of health disturbances is typical of this community. It is associated with the influence of various habitat and educational factors. The most significant factors have been determined based on the analysis of literature data. It is about high levels of stress and depression due to low physical activity, high level of psychoemotional stress during lessons and examination periods, irrational and irregular nutrition, social adaptation to a new habitat, which is often accompanied by acclimatization while moving for educational purposes, disorders of sleep and rest, harmful habits. Significant areas of development of self-preserving technologies for students were determined based on the obtained data. They can include as follows: examination of morbidity risk factors due to the educational period (from the first to the last educational year), assessing the effect of weather and climate conditions on the educational territory (examining the process of students’ acclimatization), determining the role (peculiarities) of academic process technologies as a health risk factor (long-distance learning technologies, certain educational program), examining the progression and technology optimizing students’ way of life at different stages of education, assessment of physical activity, influence on accessibility of educational programs, significance of using electronic devices and educational means, feeding trends (ethnic ones, conditions and possibilities of adherence to the principles of healthy nutrition), etc.
学生是一个特殊的医学和社会群体。健康受到干扰的风险是这个社区的典型特征。它与各种生境和教育因素的影响有关。通过对文献资料的分析,确定了最显著的影响因素。它是由于低体力活动导致的高水平压力和抑郁,课程和考试期间的高水平心理情绪压力,不合理和不规律的营养,对新栖息地的社会适应,通常伴随着为教育目的而迁移的适应,睡眠和休息障碍,有害的习惯。根据获得的数据确定了学生自我保护技术发展的重要领域。它们可以包括以下内容:检查由于教育期间(从第一学年到最后一个学年)造成的发病率风险因素,评估天气和气候条件对教育领域的影响(检查学生的适应过程),确定学术过程技术作为健康风险因素的作用(特点)(远程学习技术,某些教育方案),检查进步和技术优化学生在不同教育阶段的生活方式,对体育活动的评估,对教育计划可及性的影响,使用电子设备和教育手段的意义,喂养趋势(民族趋势,坚持健康营养原则的条件和可能性)等。
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引用次数: 3
Health of students and its determining risk factors 学生健康状况及其决定因素
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.040
A. Kopylov
Students’ state of health is both a national, and a global challenge. Its relevance is increasing every year. When developing prevention programs, it’s important to consider principal factors of risk for students’ health. The youth is a significant group of population with students being a fundamental part of it. This article analyzes the risk factors that influence students’ state of health to the greatest extent. Bad habits are given considerable attention to. A set of prevention activities must be developed for students taking into account specifics of their education. A comprehensive approach must be used to ensure the greatest effect on students’ health.
学生的健康状况既是一个国家的挑战,也是一个全球性的挑战。它的相关性每年都在增加。在制定预防计划时,考虑影响学生健康的主要因素是很重要的。青年是一个重要的群体,学生是其基本组成部分。本文从最大程度上分析了影响大学生健康状况的危险因素。坏习惯受到相当的重视。必须考虑到学生教育的具体情况,为他们制定一套预防活动。必须采用综合方法,以确保对学生的健康产生最大的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Awareness of reproductive health protection issues among female students 女学生对生殖健康保护问题的认识
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.038
A. Zakharova, EV Astashkevich, M. Popov, EV Skoblina
The study was aimed to define the female students’ awareness of the reproductive health protection issues. A survey was conducted in 2021–2022 in order to study the onset of menstrual cycles and age at menarche in 372 female students of medical and non-medical universities and colleges of the Central Federal District. The survey of 530 female students concerning their knowledge about the reproductive health protection issues and their attitude towards sexuality education for children and adolescents was also conducted. Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package (StatSoft, USA). Insufficient knowledge about the reproductive health protection issues among students was reported: the contingency coefficient for the presence of real menstrual disorder and the students’ belief of having problems was low (Pearson contingency coefficient = 0.31, р ≤ 0.05).
本研究旨在了解女大学生对生殖健康保护问题的认知情况。在2021-2022年期间,对中央联邦区医科和非医科高等院校的372名女学生进行了月经周期开始和初潮年龄调查。对530名女学生进行了调查,了解她们对生殖健康保护问题的了解情况以及对儿童和青少年性教育的态度。统计处理采用Statistica 10.0软件包(StatSoft, USA)。学生对生殖健康保护问题的认识不足,存在月经紊乱的偶然性系数和学生认为存在问题的偶然性系数较低(Pearson偶然性系数= 0.31,r≤0.05)。
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引用次数: 3
Effect of psychological climate on risks of burnout syndrome in a team of healthcare professionals 心理气候对医护人员团队倦怠综合征风险的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.035
YuV Eliseeva, NSh Ratushnaya, EA Dubrovina
Healthcare professionals deal with the greatest prevalence of burnout syndrome (BS). The object of this paper is to study the effect of psychological climate and working conditions on risks of burnout in a team of healthcare professionals. Working conditions of 136 healthcare workers from the Saratov region who underwent little training were examined according to Regulation 2.2006–05. The level of burnout was estimated in accordance with the method of V. V. Boyko, and the psychological climate in a team was analyzed using A. F. Fiedler’s questionnaire. The results were processed with the help of Microsoft Еxcel 10 for Windows. Based on the research results, the BS signs were recorded in 52.3% of healthcare workers. Physical and emotional symptoms were predominant BS signs. Factors predisposing to BS in healthcare workers have been determined. It is established that there is a dependence between a harmful factor of working conditions and probable BS. The dependence acquires significance at 3.2 level of working conditions. It is determined that the risk of BS was 74.3% in the most unfavorable psychological climate, and didn’t reach 21% if the climate was favorable.
医疗保健专业人员处理最普遍的倦怠综合征(BS)。本研究的目的是研究心理气候和工作条件对医护人员职业倦怠风险的影响。根据第2.2006-05号条例,对来自萨拉托夫地区的136名接受过很少培训的保健工作者的工作条件进行了检查。根据v.v. Boyko的方法评估团队的倦怠程度,并使用a.f. Fiedler的问卷分析团队的心理气候。这些结果是在微软Еxcel 10的帮助下处理的。研究结果显示,52.3%的医护人员出现BS症状。身体和情绪症状是主要的BS症状。已经确定了卫生保健工作者易患BS的因素。工作条件的有害因素与可能的BS之间存在依赖关系。在3.2工作条件水平上,依赖关系达到显著性。确定在最不利的心理气候条件下,BS风险为74.3%,在有利的心理气候条件下,BS风险未达到21%。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of labor conditions on quality of life and degree of dysphonia among teachers. hygienic requirements to their prevention 劳动条件对教师生活质量及语音障碍程度的影响。预防的卫生要求
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2022.033
EA Dubrovina
The purpose of our research was to provide a general hygienic assessment of an effect produced by labor conditions on quality of life dependent on the prevalence rate of parameters that form the voice pathology, and to develop prevention recommendations. The interrelation between objective complaints and diagnosed voice pathologies was examined. 224 teachers aged ≥ 38 y. o. who participated in the study were selected based on subjective complaints and objective data. Two examined groups of teachers were formed during the preliminary survey. The first control group consisted of 30 healthy non-smoking men and 70 women. The second group included 26 men and 98 women with different voice disorders. 79% of those surveyed had voice disorders (dysphonia), and 28% had aphonia, which occurred in those surveyed 2–5 times during the academic year. Over 70% of teachers from the second group lost their voice strength, 61% complained of periodically occurring hoarse and husky voice, one third (32%) had dry cough, every fourth person (24%) complained of decreased voice pitch. The extraordinary majority of teachers (77%) associated their voice distortion with a great professional vocal load. Remote results obtained at six months after the therapeutic and preventive course of Homeovox in teachers of higher educational institutions with a voice pathology significantly confirmed life quality improvement.
我们研究的目的是根据形成声音病理的参数的流行率,对劳动条件对生活质量产生的影响进行一般卫生评估,并提出预防建议。探讨客观主诉与诊断的语音病理之间的相互关系。根据主观抱怨和客观数据,选取年龄≥38岁的224名教师参与研究。在初步调查中形成了两组被调查的教师。第一个对照组由30名不吸烟的健康男性和70名女性组成。第二组包括26名男性和98名女性,他们都有不同的声音障碍。79%的被调查者有语音障碍(发音困难),28%的被调查者有失音,在学年中出现2-5次。第二组中超过70%的教师声音强度下降,61%的教师抱怨定期出现声音嘶哑和沙哑,三分之一(32%)的教师抱怨干咳,四分之一(24%)的教师抱怨声音音调下降。绝大多数教师(77%)将他们的声音失真与巨大的专业声乐负荷联系在一起。在接受Homeovox治疗和预防课程后6个月的远程结果显示,嗓音病理的高等院校教师的生活质量得到了显著改善。
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引用次数: 0
New digital opportunities in diagnosis and prevention of students’ mental health 诊断和预防学生心理健康的新数字机会
Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.030
G. Goncharova
The article deals with new digital opportunities in diagnosis and prevention of health and well-being of students that also create principally new conditions for getting education. Use of digital traces, big data, machine learning and computer modelling in diagnosis results in obtaining important data about mental health of students to examine their behavior, physical activity, emotional condition and a wide specter of personal traits in detail. Quantitative methods combined with big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are utilized to anticipate certain neurological and mental diseases. They allow to overcome limitations of traditional research methods and expand the opportunities of modern education by changing the educational process based on the analysis results and adapting them to the student’s current state and development. When digital technologies are moderately used under certain conditions, they (chat-bots, applications and other online resources) can be utilized as preventive activities, estimating one’s health, improving social and psychological well-being and interactions by transforming the educational process.
这篇文章讨论了在诊断和预防学生健康和福祉方面的新的数字机会,这些机会也主要为接受教育创造了新的条件。在诊断中使用数字痕迹,大数据,机器学习和计算机建模可以获得有关学生心理健康的重要数据,以详细检查他们的行为,身体活动,情绪状况和广泛的个人特征。定量方法与大数据和人工智能技术相结合,用于预测某些神经和精神疾病。它们可以克服传统研究方法的局限性,通过根据分析结果改变教育过程并使其适应学生的现状和发展,从而扩大现代教育的机会。当数字技术在一定条件下适度使用时,它们(聊天机器人、应用程序和其他在线资源)可以用作预防活动,通过改变教育过程来评估一个人的健康状况,改善社会和心理健康以及互动。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Российский вестник гигиены
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