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P4 medicine as a tool for stimulating healthy lifestyle and the basis of teaching prevention to students of general medicine and pediatrics P4医学作为促进健康生活方式的工具和对普通医学和儿科学学生进行预防教学的基础
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.010
AV Shulaev, GI Chernovbrovkina, L. Kasimova, A. Shikaleva, PV Zinoviev
This article focuses on approaches to implementing the principles of P4 medicine, specifically, stimulating prevention-based thinking among students of faculties of general medicine and pediatrics. Below, we describe a pilot approach to teaching hygiene that was implemented at the Department of General Hygiene (Kazan State Medical University). Considering the gnoseological role of empathy, we designed an interactive workbook for students taking a course in Hygiene. The workbook allows the student to engage in empathic interactions and discourse about the studied subject with the teacher and peers. After the course, the students were surveyed; their degree of engagement in the learning process and their expectations were evaluated. The respondents rated their interest in Hygiene before starting the course as 5.6 and 5.7 points on the 10-point scale (for the traditional and innovative courses, respectively). During the course, the score increased to 5.8 and 8.6 points for the traditional and innovative courses, respectively. Our pilot project demonstrates the need for reviewing the strategy of teaching hygiene and prevention-related disciplines at clinical faculties and including the principles of P4 medicine in the medical curriculum, thus allowing the student to effectively perform their professional duties in primary healthcare.
本文的重点是如何实施P4医学原则,特别是如何激发全科医学院和儿科学学院学生的预防思维。下面,我们将介绍在一般卫生系(喀山国立医科大学)实施的卫生教学试点方法。考虑到移情在灵知学中的作用,我们为参加卫生学课程的学生设计了一本互动练习册。练习册允许学生参与移情互动,并与老师和同学讨论所研究的主题。课程结束后,学生们接受了调查;他们在学习过程中的参与程度和他们的期望被评估。受访者在课程开始前对卫生的兴趣打分为5.6分和5.7分(满分为10分)(分别为传统课程和创新课程)。在课程中,传统课程和创新课程的得分分别提高到5.8分和8.6分。我们的试点项目表明,有必要审查在临床院系教授卫生和预防相关学科的策略,并将P4医学原则纳入医学课程,从而使学生能够有效地履行其在初级保健方面的专业职责。
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引用次数: 1
Medical students’ physical activity as an indicator of their commitment to healthy lifestyle 医学生的体育活动作为其健康生活方式承诺的一个指标
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2021.009
O. Ievleva
Physicians, who provide general medical services, should give the patients an advice on physical activity. The study was aimed to assess physical activity of medical students, as well as their awareness of this issue, and willingness to provide the public an advice on commitment to a healthy lifestyle in terms of physical activity. A total of 518 medical students were surveyed. The data obtained with the Steps and Screen Time mobile applications were used. Physical fitness was assessed using the standard anthropometric technique. Statisctical processing of the data obtained was performed with the Statistica 13 PL statistical software package. The study met the requirements of biomedical ethics and posed no risk to participants. No significant differences in the number of steps between males and females was observed. It was 9033±3297 steps in males and 7807±3570 steps in females. The evidence supporting the relationship between physical activity and average time spent on a smartphone per day was obtained: the correlation coefficient for the relationship between the number of steps per day and the screen time was -0.36 (moderate negative correlation). Correlation coefficients for the relationships between body mass index and physical activity (-0.35) and between body mass index and screen time (0.33, moderate positive correlation) were calculated. The data obtained allowed us to develop simple and feasible guidelines on improving physical activity in medical students, as well as to develop a tracker of positive habit of daily optimal physical activity for each student, and to discuss the results within the framework of the business game Physical Activity in Various Sectors of Population.
提供一般医疗服务的医生应该给病人关于体育活动的建议。这项研究的目的是评估医学生的体育活动,以及他们对这个问题的认识,以及他们是否愿意就体育活动方面的健康生活方式向公众提供建议。共调查了518名医学生。使用Steps和Screen Time移动应用程序获得的数据。采用标准人体测量技术评估体质。使用Statistica 13pl统计软件包对所得数据进行统计处理。本研究符合生物医学伦理要求,对受试者不构成风险。男性和女性在步数上没有显著差异。男性为9033±3297步,女性为7807±3570步。获得了支持体力活动与平均每天使用智能手机时间之间关系的证据:每天步数与屏幕时间之间的相关系数为-0.36(中度负相关)。计算体重指数与体力活动(-0.35)和体重指数与屏幕时间(0.33,中度正相关)之间的相关系数。所获得的数据使我们能够制定简单可行的指导方针来改善医学生的身体活动,并为每个学生开发一个每天最佳身体活动的积极习惯跟踪器,并在商业游戏“不同人群的身体活动”的框架内讨论结果。
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引用次数: 1
Preservation of health of medical students, including those with special educational needs: current problems 保护医学生的健康,包括那些有特殊教育需要的学生:当前的问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.070
EA Dubrovina, G. Goncharova
The article analyzes the experience of developing health preservation competencies of medical students in the context of blended learning and application of innovative health preservation techniques. Health preservation is a multilevel problem that requires an integrated approach implying readiness of medical graduates to respond flexibly to the changing landscape of their professional activities; therefore, the article discusses some promising options of mastering universal competencies and their integration into the educational process while factoring in the current knowledge on hygiene education, patterns of thinking, psychology of consciousness, decision-making and practical skills, all of which should be developed and consolidated by applying the various current forms, technologies and methods of work.
本文分析了在混合学习和创新养生技术应用的背景下培养医学生养生能力的经验。健康保护是一个多层次的问题,需要一个综合的方法,这意味着医学毕业生准备灵活地应对他们的专业活动不断变化的景观;因此,本文在综合考虑现有卫生教育知识、思维方式、意识心理、决策和实践技能的基础上,探讨了掌握普遍能力并将其融入教育过程的一些有希望的选择,这些都应通过应用现有的各种形式、技术和工作方法来发展和巩固。
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引用次数: 0
Medical and social reproductive health issues faced by today's schoolgirls 当今女学生面临的医疗和社会生殖健康问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.065
JuV Solovyova
Protection of the schoolgirls' reproductive health that often depends on many factors, one way or another associated with low awareness of the issue, is a global priority in modern society. The study was aimed to assess the factors that affect reproductive health of the school-age girls. An online questionnaire survey of 100 girls aged 15–18 aimed at detecting reproductive health problems was carried out in Moscow. The average age of menarche was 12.3 ± 1.2 years, however, there were girls, who had menarche at the age of 10 years (10%), and those, who had menarche after the age of 14 (7%), among schoolgirls. Blood spotting between periods was observed in 21% and pelvic pain in 44% of schoolgirls; 81% had severe pain. Irritability, aggression, easy crying, rapid fatigue, and faintness before and during the periods were reported by 98%; swelling, weight gain, abdominal distension, constipation, diarrhea, breast engorgement and soreness were reported by 73%; headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, increased sensitivity to smell and sound were noted by 50%; high blood pressure, heart-related pain, increased heart rate, panic attacks were reported by 21%; menstrual disorders were observed in 16% of school-age girls. The study showed that 60% of schoolgirls demonstrated medium awareness, 28% showed high awareness, and 12% had insufficient knowledge about reproductive health. The schoolgirls' insufficient awareness of the reproductive health-related issues is a major medical and social challenge that can negatively affect the schoolgirls' reproductive health and cause not only various reproductive system disorders, but also reproductive losses and even infertility later in life.
保护女学生的生殖健康是现代社会的一项全球优先事项,这往往取决于许多因素,这些因素或多或少与对这一问题的认识不足有关。这项研究的目的是评估影响学龄女童生殖健康的因素。在莫斯科对100名15至18岁的女孩进行了在线问卷调查,目的是发现生殖健康问题。初潮的平均年龄为12.3±1.2岁,女生中有10岁初潮的占10%,有14岁以后初潮的占7%。21%的女学生在经期之间出现出血,44%的女学生出现盆腔疼痛;81%有剧烈疼痛。经期前及经期易激惹、攻击性、易哭、快速疲劳和昏厥的发生率为98%;73%的人出现肿胀、体重增加、腹胀、便秘、腹泻、乳房胀大和疼痛;头痛、眩晕、恶心、呕吐、失眠、对气味和声音的敏感性增加了50%;21%的人报告有高血压、心脏相关疼痛、心率加快、惊恐发作;16%的学龄女童出现月经紊乱。研究表明,60%的女学生对生殖健康有中等认识,28%的女学生对生殖健康有高度认识,12%的女学生对生殖健康认识不足。女学生对生殖健康问题的认识不足是一项重大的医学和社会挑战,会对女学生的生殖健康产生负面影响,不仅造成各种生殖系统障碍,而且在以后的生活中造成生殖功能丧失甚至不育。
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引用次数: 2
Population aging and its demographic effects 人口老龄化及其人口效应
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.066
A. Ionova, AV Skrebneva, E. Melikhova
Aging is a destructive physiological process that increases with age and results in the decrease in the body's adaptive capacity. Aging is irreversible, however, it can be prolonged for many decades though maintaining active longevity. The study was aimed to assess ageing in terms of demography and analyze demographic policy in the Voronezh region. The study involved assessment of the major demographic parameters of the population, such as mortality, birth rate, population, and life expectancy. The data were provided by the territorial agency of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Voronezh region (Voronezhstat). It has been found that in recent years (2015–2021) birth rate has decreased by 1.4 times, life expectancy has decreased by 4.1 years, and mortality has increased by 1.5 times (2019–2021). Today, the population of elderly people is growing. This results in the situation when mortality exceeds birth rate. Population aging observed in the Voronezh region is rapid. To improve the major parameters, the demographic policy outlined in the document “On Approval of the Concept of Demographic Policy in the Voronezh Region for the Period up to 2025” has been implemented that is focused on improving both borth rate and the quality of life of the population. The project has not yet brought any desirable result, however, activities in this field contribute to improvement of major demographic indicators.
衰老是一种破坏性的生理过程,随着年龄的增长而增加,并导致身体适应能力的下降。衰老是不可逆转的,然而,通过保持积极长寿,它可以延长几十年。该研究旨在从人口统计学角度评估老龄化问题,并分析沃罗涅日地区的人口政策。这项研究涉及评估人口的主要人口参数,如死亡率、出生率、人口和预期寿命。这些数据是由联邦国家统计局在沃罗涅日地区(Voronezhstat)的领土机构提供的。研究发现,近年来(2015-2021年)出生率下降了1.4倍,预期寿命下降了4.1岁,死亡率上升了1.5倍(2019-2021年)。今天,老年人口正在增长。这就造成死亡率超过出生率的情况。在沃罗涅日地区观察到人口老龄化是迅速的。为了改善主要参数,实施了《关于批准沃罗涅日州至2025年期间人口政策概念》文件中概述的人口政策,其重点是提高人口出生率和生活质量。该项目尚未产生任何理想的结果,但是,这一领域的活动有助于改善主要人口指标。
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引用次数: 0
Hygienic assessment of the medical students' mental performance in relation to class time and drinking regime 医学生心理健康状况与上课时间及饮酒制度的关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.062
K. Shultz, NYu Potseluev, A. Nagornyak, OV Zhukova, AS Kazizaeva
Today, the issue of preservation, maintenance and development of mental performance is of great importance due to social transformation and the school and higher education system upgrade. The growing body of information, continuous modernization of the training programmes, the use of various technical training aids that result in intensification of cognitive activity have a negative impact on the students' mental state. The study was aimed to assess the medical students' mental performance indicators in relation to the time of the day and the daily fluid intake. A total of 300 students were enrolled, who had both morning and afternoon (after lunch) classes. Mental performance of medical students was assessed using the Anfimov's table. It was found that the students' mental performance depended not only on the start time, but also on the water consumption regime. The main trends of water consumption in young adults were defined: moderate water consumption (1–2 L per day) prevailed, low water consumption (less than 1 L per day) was ranked second, and high water consumption (more than 2 L per day) was the rearest.
在社会转型、学校和高等教育体制升级的今天,心理表现的保存、维护和发展问题显得尤为重要。信息的不断增长,训练方案的不断现代化,各种技术训练辅助工具的使用导致认知活动的加剧,对学生的心理状态产生了负面影响。本研究旨在评估医学生的心理表现指标与一天中的时间和每日液体摄入量的关系。共招收300名学生,上午和下午(午餐后)上课。采用安菲莫夫量表对医学生的心理表现进行评估。研究发现,学生的心理表现不仅与开始时间有关,还与饮水制度有关。确定了青壮年饮水的主要趋势:以中等饮水量(1 ~ 2 L / d)为主,低饮水量(1 L / d以下)次之,高饮水量(2 L / d以上)最多。
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引用次数: 0
Contributions of certain lifestyle factors to health status of contemporary schoolchildren 某些生活方式因素对当代学童健康状况的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.064
NYu Medvedeva, SV Gunina, AYu Urtenova
Healthy lifestyle is one of the factors determining the human health status. The study was aimed to estimate the contributions of certain lifestyle factors to the health status of the ninth-grade students attending school in Voronezh. During the study special attention was paid to the key role of school and family in shaping the school student's strive for healthy lifestyle. The questionnaire survey carried out under conditions that precluded discussion without time limit was used as the main method. Nutrition, motor activity, personal hygiene, daily routine, and harmful habits are highlighted among the studied lifestyle components. The crucial role of such lifestyle factors, as nutrition and motor activity has been proven. The lifestyle differences between girls and boys have been revealed. Analysis of the data obtained has made it possible to find out that the main risk factors in the group of school students with the almost healthy lifestyle are malnutrition in boys and reduced motor activity in girls. Furthermore, in school students, whose lifestyle is associated with health risks, all the lifestyle components can be considered as risk factors, regardless of the child's gender.
健康的生活方式是决定人类健康状况的因素之一。本研究旨在评估某些生活方式因素对沃罗涅日九年级学生健康状况的影响。在研究期间,特别关注了学校和家庭在塑造学生争取健康生活方式方面的关键作用。在没有时间限制的情况下进行问卷调查是主要的方法。营养、运动、个人卫生、日常生活和有害习惯是研究的生活方式组成部分中的重点。营养和运动等生活方式因素的关键作用已得到证实。女孩和男孩之间的生活方式差异已被揭示。对所获得的数据进行分析后可以发现,在生活方式几乎健康的学生群体中,主要的危险因素是男孩营养不良和女孩运动活动减少。此外,在生活方式与健康风险相关的在校学生中,无论儿童的性别如何,所有生活方式组成部分都可被视为风险因素。
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引用次数: 4
Health provision to students in Russia in the past and today 过去和现在俄罗斯学生的健康状况
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.072
OA Bashmakov, A. Gunko
Currently, a significant increase in the drive to get higher education is noted among young people. After falling into new conditions, students experience changes in their lifestyle and quality of life, as well as training mode. They have trouble adjusting to the new social and cultural community. The study was aimed to study the students’ lifestyle, assess their health status, and compare the conditions of medical care provision to students in the past and today. The questionnaire survey involved 151 students (grades 1–3) of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. The students noted changes in their sleep, diet, physical activity due to severe psychoemotional load arising from falling into new educational environment and exploring the higher education programs. Some students reported exacerbation of chronic diseases. The findings and the literature analysis make it possible to conclude that it is necessary to establish student outpatient clinics allowing for annual health screening.
目前,在年轻人中,接受高等教育的动力显著增加。在进入新的环境后,学生的生活方式和生活质量以及培养模式都会发生变化。他们难以适应新的社会和文化环境。本研究的目的是研究学生的生活方式,评估他们的健康状况,并比较过去和现在学生的医疗保健条件。问卷调查涉及俄罗斯国立皮罗戈夫医科大学151名学生(1-3年级)。学生们注意到,由于进入新的教育环境和探索高等教育项目所带来的严重心理情绪负荷,他们的睡眠、饮食和体育活动都发生了变化。一些学生报告慢性疾病加重。研究结果和文献分析可以得出结论,有必要建立学生门诊诊所,允许每年进行健康检查。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of 5G wireless communication standard on adults and children 5G无线通信标准对成人和儿童的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.073
A. Tatarinchik
Introduction of the fifth-generation wireless networks (5G) will increase the number of 5G base stations and 5G-enabled devices. This review sought to find the answer to the key question: can such devices be harmful? The review covers scientific data published from 2009 to 2022 and available at eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka. We investigated the problems of definition, regulation, accumulation of data on 5G networks, and summarized the papers reporting how electromagnetic fields in 5G frequency bands affect adults and children. Despite the large amount of contradictory data, the available studies do not provide adequate information that could enable a meaningful assessment of the safety of 5G networks.
第五代无线网络(5G)的引入将增加5G基站和支持5G的设备的数量。这篇综述试图找到关键问题的答案:这些设备是否有害?该综述涵盖了2009年至2022年发表的科学数据,可在图书馆、PubMed、Google Scholar、Cyberleninka上获得。我们调查了5G网络的定义、监管、数据积累等问题,并总结了有关5G频段电磁场对成人和儿童影响的论文。尽管存在大量相互矛盾的数据,但现有的研究并未提供足够的信息,无法对5G网络的安全性进行有意义的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Lifestyle-associated risk factors affecting young people 影响年轻人的与生活方式有关的危险因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24075/rbh.2023.069
O. Aminova
The lack of a well-defined healthy lifestyle culture adopted by young people is one of the reasons behind them developing chronic non-communicable diseases. The review summarizes the results of a number of scientific investigations of the relationship between behavioral risk factors and health indicators as registered in the working and studying youth; we present the values reflecting the relative link between onset of chronic diseases and alcohol consumption, smoking, low physical activity, sleep disturbance, nutritional habits and use of gadgets, and highlight the specific aspects of how the risk factors associated with the lifestyle of youth are perceived.
年轻人缺乏明确的健康生活方式文化,这是他们患上慢性非传染性疾病的原因之一。本综述总结了在工作和学习青年中登记的行为危险因素与健康指标之间关系的一些科学调查结果;我们提出了反映慢性疾病发病与饮酒、吸烟、低体力活动、睡眠障碍、营养习惯和使用小工具之间的相对联系的值,并强调了如何感知与年轻人生活方式相关的风险因素的具体方面。
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引用次数: 1
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Российский вестник гигиены
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