Özlem Kurt Azap, H. Arslan, Ç. Erol, Tuğba Yanık Yalçın, N. Sarı
{"title":"Healthcare Workers Should be Inoculated with The Highest Effective Vaccine Available","authors":"Özlem Kurt Azap, H. Arslan, Ç. Erol, Tuğba Yanık Yalçın, N. Sarı","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2021.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2021.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74658175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İrem Akdemir-Kalkan1, Nejat Siraj Mohammed, G. Cınar, Ezgi Gülten, E. M. Saricaoğlu, Zeynep Ceren Kip-Karahan, A. M. Bozday, A. Azap
It is not clear whether re-infection by SARS-CoV-2 occurs as a rare event or not, but since the start of the pandemic limited number of re-infection has been reported. This study reports the clinical presentations and comperative genome analysis of two patients who were suspected of re-infection. The patients showed mild clinical symptoms and varied antibody test results in the two episodes of infections. New generation sequencing of the isolates revealed the presence of different mutations between isolates from the previous and last infections. Therefore it is important to monitor these mutations and assess their capacity of evading previously occurred antibodies
{"title":"Two cases of COVID-19 reinfection in Turkey","authors":"İrem Akdemir-Kalkan1, Nejat Siraj Mohammed, G. Cınar, Ezgi Gülten, E. M. Saricaoğlu, Zeynep Ceren Kip-Karahan, A. M. Bozday, A. Azap","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2021.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2021.59","url":null,"abstract":"It is not clear whether re-infection by SARS-CoV-2 occurs as a rare event or not, but since the start of the pandemic limited number of re-infection has been reported. This study reports the clinical presentations and comperative genome analysis of two patients who were suspected of re-infection. The patients showed mild clinical symptoms and varied antibody test results in the two episodes of infections. New generation sequencing of the isolates revealed the presence of different mutations between isolates from the previous and last infections. Therefore it is important to monitor these mutations and assess their capacity of evading previously occurred antibodies","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85760460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kuşkucu, Yeşim Tuyji Tok, O. Nohut, Zarifa Abullayeva, Ebru Yücebag, F. Can, S. ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ, H. Eraksoy, K. Midilli
{"title":"First Report of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant in Turkey","authors":"M. Kuşkucu, Yeşim Tuyji Tok, O. Nohut, Zarifa Abullayeva, Ebru Yücebag, F. Can, S. ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ, H. Eraksoy, K. Midilli","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2021.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2021.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87602685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathogen identification in prosthetic joint infection is necessary to achieve optimal patient management. The specimens for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection could be the synovial fluid, the tissue obtained intraoperatively, and the biofilm from the implanted prosthesis. Because of the low sensitivity of the conventional specimen culture method, the preanalytic treatment of the specimen was widely studied to increase the yield of detection. This review aimed to describe the current specimen processing methods used in the clinical setting to increase the pathogen detection rate. A blood culture bottle, tissue homogenization, and explanted prosthesis sonication were the most studied methods with a good result. Molecular methods were also developed to reduce the time of pathogen detection. MALDI-TOF was studied to reduce identification time after a positive culture. Other molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing were studied to omit the culture step and reduce detection time. However, the impracticality and the inconsistent sensitivity of certain specimens from the molecular methods limit its application in the clinical setting. Specimen culture remains as a crucial step in the current prosthetic joint infection, with the improvement of the molecular methods toward a better prosthetic joint infection diagnosis.
{"title":"The current trend for prosthetic joint infection diagnosis from culture to molecular: a literature review","authors":"","doi":"10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen identification in prosthetic joint infection is necessary to achieve optimal patient management. The specimens for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection could be the synovial fluid, the tissue obtained intraoperatively, and the biofilm from the implanted prosthesis. Because of the low sensitivity of the conventional specimen culture method, the preanalytic treatment of the specimen was widely studied to increase the yield of detection. This review aimed to describe the current specimen processing methods used in the clinical setting to increase the pathogen detection rate. A blood culture bottle, tissue homogenization, and explanted prosthesis sonication were the most studied methods with a good result. Molecular methods were also developed to reduce the time of pathogen detection. MALDI-TOF was studied to reduce identification time after a positive culture. Other molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing were studied to omit the culture step and reduce detection time. However, the impracticality and the inconsistent sensitivity of certain specimens from the molecular methods limit its application in the clinical setting. Specimen culture remains as a crucial step in the current prosthetic joint infection, with the improvement of the molecular methods toward a better prosthetic joint infection diagnosis. ","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"74 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sintya, Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari, I. Pranata, Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
Antiviral drug therapies have been utilized to prevent disease progression in patients positive HIV-1. Various research has been conducted to investigate and develop a potential functional therapy to suppress HIV-1 replication and cure latent HIV-1 in the absence of drugs. Approaches that have been well studied are the anti-HIV-1 which targets RNAs, proteins, or peptides expressed by HIV-1 resistant cells, which can be transplanted to the patients. RNA interference in the form of small RNA has been proven as a promising therapy to prevent HIV-1 replication. It is utilized for therapy using cell transplantation and various gene combinations in clinical trials. However, many studies have been failed to show a successful eradication of latently HIV-1 infected T cells. It is happened due to the virus's ability to escape from antiviral therapies. However, this can be overcome by using a combination of ARTs. On the other hand, genetic editing has been intensively studied since it can cure various diseases caused by genetic or pathogen infections, including HIV type 1. The previous studies have designed gRNA bind to protein Cas type 9 targeting HIV functional genes, Tat and Rev sequences. Various recombination has been introduced to CRISPR-based gene editing to increase the binding affinity and efficiency of Cas9 to target Tat and Rev proteins of their exons. The best approach for the Cas9 targeted Tat and Rev is by utilizing more than one guide RNA. However, Subsequent studies are needed to confirm the ability of Cas9 with various guide RNAs to inhibit virus activation and replication in latent HIV-1. This review aims to describe the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of antiviral therapies that target Tat and Rev as regulatory genes to eradicate latent HIV-1 infected T cells.
{"title":"Antiviral mechanisms targeting regulatory genes Tat and Rev to defeat latent HIV-1 infected T cells: a literature review","authors":"E. Sintya, Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari, I. Pranata, Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti","doi":"10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Antiviral drug therapies have been utilized to prevent disease progression in patients positive HIV-1. Various research has been conducted to investigate and develop a potential functional therapy to suppress HIV-1 replication and cure latent HIV-1 in the absence of drugs. Approaches that have been well studied are the anti-HIV-1 which targets RNAs, proteins, or peptides expressed by HIV-1 resistant cells, which can be transplanted to the patients. RNA interference in the form of small RNA has been proven as a promising therapy to prevent HIV-1 replication. It is utilized for therapy using cell transplantation and various gene combinations in clinical trials. However, many studies have been failed to show a successful eradication of latently HIV-1 infected T cells. It is happened due to the virus's ability to escape from antiviral therapies. However, this can be overcome by using a combination of ARTs. On the other hand, genetic editing has been intensively studied since it can cure various diseases caused by genetic or pathogen infections, including HIV type 1. The previous studies have designed gRNA bind to protein Cas type 9 targeting HIV functional genes, Tat and Rev sequences. Various recombination has been introduced to CRISPR-based gene editing to increase the binding affinity and efficiency of Cas9 to target Tat and Rev proteins of their exons. The best approach for the Cas9 targeted Tat and Rev is by utilizing more than one guide RNA. However, Subsequent studies are needed to confirm the ability of Cas9 with various guide RNAs to inhibit virus activation and replication in latent HIV-1. This review aims to describe the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of antiviral therapies that target Tat and Rev as regulatory genes to eradicate latent HIV-1 infected T cells. ","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84753590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qonita Imma Irfani, Dessy Kurnia Sari, Dewi Purbaningsih, T. Wibawa, T. Nuryastuti
Introduction: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, occurring in the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. UTI incidence in Indonesia was high enough. The prevalence of UTI in the community enhances in line with the increase of age. 40-60 years had a prevalence rate of 3.2%, while at the age of ≥65, a UTI had a prevalence rate of 20%. UTIs are among the most common infections in humans. Enterobacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the most frequent causes. Prevalence of the ESBL bacterial infection is developing due to the widespread prescription of antibiotics around the world. Thus, our articles established several UTI cases of various ages and their antibiotic susceptibility. Case Description: This case report series presents eight cases describing a UTI caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL in various ages. Data were collected retrospectively from secondary sources of laboratory results. Patient baby-child mostly had a history of sepsis. Other than that patient had hydronephrosis kidney, seizure, fever. On the other hand, the patient's old man and woman had a history of fever, shock spinal and fracture, malignancy. All patients were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and mostly still sensitive with amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Conclusions: Our case series established that patients with UTI were mainly still sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. We should implement and maintain contact precautions throughout the hospital wards to prevent the transmission of ESBL infections.
{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a case series","authors":"Qonita Imma Irfani, Dessy Kurnia Sari, Dewi Purbaningsih, T. Wibawa, T. Nuryastuti","doi":"10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, occurring in the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. UTI incidence in Indonesia was high enough. The prevalence of UTI in the community enhances in line with the increase of age. 40-60 years had a prevalence rate of 3.2%, while at the age of ≥65, a UTI had a prevalence rate of 20%. UTIs are among the most common infections in humans. Enterobacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the most frequent causes. Prevalence of the ESBL bacterial infection is developing due to the widespread prescription of antibiotics around the world. Thus, our articles established several UTI cases of various ages and their antibiotic susceptibility.\u0000Case Description: This case report series presents eight cases describing a UTI caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL in various ages. Data were collected retrospectively from secondary sources of laboratory results. Patient baby-child mostly had a history of sepsis. Other than that patient had hydronephrosis kidney, seizure, fever. On the other hand, the patient's old man and woman had a history of fever, shock spinal and fracture, malignancy. All patients were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and mostly still sensitive with amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin.\u0000Conclusions: Our case series established that patients with UTI were mainly still sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. We should implement and maintain contact precautions throughout the hospital wards to prevent the transmission of ESBL infections.","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82041779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pristiawan Navy Endraputra, Kuntaman, Eko Budi Khoendori
Background: Nosocomial infection is derived from the patient itself or transmitted across patients, healthcare workers, or the hospital environment. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) have been recognized as the most common pathogen for nosocomial infections in Southeast Asia. Afterward, CRAB and CRPA infections increase morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and cost. This study examined the prevalence of CRAB and CRPA at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from January to June 2020. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively by collecting data from the first isolate per specimen per patient of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant either to meropenem or imipenem from urine, blood, pus, or sputum in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya within January to June 2020. Results: A total of 311 Acinetobacter baumannii and 425 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected with 134 CRAB and 79 CRPA. The resistance rate of CRAB was ≥90% except for amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, levofloxacin, tigecycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and fosfomycin. Moreover, CRPA had resistance ≥90% regardless of intrinsic resistance against imipenem and colistin. There was an increase in CRAB and CRPA, with the highest incidence in June 2020 in early 2020. Conclusion: The prevalence of CRAB and CRPA were 43% and 19%, respectively, in the early six months of 2020 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya.
{"title":"A six-month epidemiologic study of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in early pandemic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya","authors":"Pristiawan Navy Endraputra, Kuntaman, Eko Budi Khoendori","doi":"10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nosocomial infection is derived from the patient itself or transmitted across patients, healthcare workers, or the hospital environment. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) have been recognized as the most common pathogen for nosocomial infections in Southeast Asia. Afterward, CRAB and CRPA infections increase morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and cost. This study examined the prevalence of CRAB and CRPA at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from January to June 2020.\u0000Methods: This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively by collecting data from the first isolate per specimen per patient of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant either to meropenem or imipenem from urine, blood, pus, or sputum in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya within January to June 2020.\u0000Results: A total of 311 Acinetobacter baumannii and 425 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected with 134 CRAB and 79 CRPA. The resistance rate of CRAB was ≥90% except for amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, levofloxacin, tigecycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and fosfomycin. Moreover, CRPA had resistance ≥90% regardless of intrinsic resistance against imipenem and colistin. There was an increase in CRAB and CRPA, with the highest incidence in June 2020 in early 2020.\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of CRAB and CRPA were 43% and 19%, respectively, in the early six months of 2020 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya.","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85165482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agus Simahendra, Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari, I. Pranata, Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
Ebola virus has resulted in a devastating hemorrhagic fever epidemic spanning several African countries and leading to thousands of deaths. There have been no vaccines approved or medication strategies toward successful prophylaxis and therapeutics critical until the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2019 as a preventative measure for people aged 18 years old and/or older. Several experimental vaccines are showing some promise. The most advanced vaccine is the clinically tested recombinant vesicular-stomatitis virus (rVSV) which encodes EBOV glycoprotein, widely known as the V920 vaccine candidate. This vaccine induces antibody-producing responses in non-human primate models, and current clinical trials suggest protective efficacy in humans. Although generally well-tolerated, the administration of this vaccine was complicated by occurrences of side effects. The development of vaccine platforms is also challenging, given that Ebola virus diseases have now reached epidemic proportions in some localities. Outcomes in terms of viral persistence after recovery are unknown, and a study explaining the role of adaptive immunity in recovery may be essential to inform effective vaccine design. This review aims to give a basic understanding on the general immunity mechanism elicited by recombinant vector vaccines and the current implementation of this relatively new technology to tackle a major infectious disease outbreak.
{"title":"Current recombinant vaccine strategy as a novel approach to prevent Ebola virus diseases: a literature review","authors":"Agus Simahendra, Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari, I. Pranata, Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti","doi":"10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ebola virus has resulted in a devastating hemorrhagic fever epidemic spanning several African countries and leading to thousands of deaths. There have been no vaccines approved or medication strategies toward successful prophylaxis and therapeutics critical until the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2019 as a preventative measure for people aged 18 years old and/or older. Several experimental vaccines are showing some promise. The most advanced vaccine is the clinically tested recombinant vesicular-stomatitis virus (rVSV) which encodes EBOV glycoprotein, widely known as the V920 vaccine candidate. This vaccine induces antibody-producing responses in non-human primate models, and current clinical trials suggest protective efficacy in humans. Although generally well-tolerated, the administration of this vaccine was complicated by occurrences of side effects. The development of vaccine platforms is also challenging, given that Ebola virus diseases have now reached epidemic proportions in some localities. Outcomes in terms of viral persistence after recovery are unknown, and a study explaining the role of adaptive immunity in recovery may be essential to inform effective vaccine design. This review aims to give a basic understanding on the general immunity mechanism elicited by recombinant vector vaccines and the current implementation of this relatively new technology to tackle a major infectious disease outbreak.","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72765505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persistent Symptoms After Discharge of COVID-19 Patients","authors":"O. Evlice, F. Kuş, M. Bektaş","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2021.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2021.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89242823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2021: The Year of Health Care Workers","authors":"Özlem Azap Kurt","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2021.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2021.36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"311 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91310633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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