Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00050354.2000.10558811
Jonathon E. Osborn
The need for CPD and the principles upon which programmes should be designed are well documented, however cost remains a barrier to implementation. A solution may be to provide CPD using the methods of flexible delivery, resourced through partnerships between professional institutions, universities, and other stakeholders.
{"title":"Lifelong Learning: Flexible Delivery and CPD","authors":"Jonathon E. Osborn","doi":"10.1080/00050354.2000.10558811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050354.2000.10558811","url":null,"abstract":"The need for CPD and the principles upon which programmes should be designed are well documented, however cost remains a barrier to implementation. A solution may be to provide CPD using the methods of flexible delivery, resourced through partnerships between professional institutions, universities, and other stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116761839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00050354.2000.10558812
Peter Knight
As a researcher working within the surveying context, the continental shelf boundary provides a focus and a starting point for research, but one which I am not reluctant to let be eclipsed by the larger issues. What does the enclosure of the oceans mean to the world and to the people of New Zealand and Australia? What do we gain and what might we lose through the institution of a management regime extending to the maximum reaches allowed under the law of the sea? And how are we to evaluate the system of which the boundaries are only a part? The answers to the foregoing questions certainly bear on the subject of delimitation. We can only assess the effectiveness of the delimitation exercise as it fits into the larger effort, and as our understanding of the larger effort evolves so might our approach to the specific tasks it involves.
{"title":"Enclosure of the Tasman Sea, or establishing the Tasman Sea as a Common Pool Resource Domain?","authors":"Peter Knight","doi":"10.1080/00050354.2000.10558812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050354.2000.10558812","url":null,"abstract":"As a researcher working within the surveying context, the continental shelf boundary provides a focus and a starting point for research, but one which I am not reluctant to let be eclipsed by the larger issues. What does the enclosure of the oceans mean to the world and to the people of New Zealand and Australia? What do we gain and what might we lose through the institution of a management regime extending to the maximum reaches allowed under the law of the sea? And how are we to evaluate the system of which the boundaries are only a part? The answers to the foregoing questions certainly bear on the subject of delimitation. We can only assess the effectiveness of the delimitation exercise as it fits into the larger effort, and as our understanding of the larger effort evolves so might our approach to the specific tasks it involves.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128840530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00050354.2000.10558810
J. Hannah
As we enter the new millennium, it is clear that surveying educators face an unprecedented number of challenges. The effects of economic reform, unregulated markets, technology, university management policies, and professional expectations all create their own pressures. In this environment some academic programs are struggling to survive. This paper outlines these, and other major challenges being faced by surveying educationalists. It then suggests a number of strategies that might usefully be employed to ensure future academic and professional survival.
{"title":"Surveying Education In The New Millennium: The Challenges","authors":"J. Hannah","doi":"10.1080/00050354.2000.10558810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050354.2000.10558810","url":null,"abstract":"As we enter the new millennium, it is clear that surveying educators face an unprecedented number of challenges. The effects of economic reform, unregulated markets, technology, university management policies, and professional expectations all create their own pressures. In this environment some academic programs are struggling to survive. This paper outlines these, and other major challenges being faced by surveying educationalists. It then suggests a number of strategies that might usefully be employed to ensure future academic and professional survival.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129715465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00050354.2000.10558816
J. M. Rüeger
Even though the Topcon digital levels have been on the market since 1994, very little has been reported on the working principle of these instruments and on the results achieved with them. This paper discusses the operating principle of the Topcon digital level DL-101C and explains how the staff reading and the sighting distance are derived from the image of the coded staff that is ‘seen’ by the linear sensor of the instrument. Experiences gained with the instrument at UNSW are reported and those of other researchers are summarised. In routine precision digital levelling tests carried out by students at UNSW,·the one-kilometre double-run precision was found to be ±0.22 mm when using specialised measuring and processing procedures. Also at UNSW, the temperature effect on the lines of sight of two DL-101C digital levels was determined as +0. 57”/C and +0.42”/C and the vertical shift as +6 μm/C. Cyclic errors of maximum amplitudes between 12 μm and 39 μm were found in the staff readings of four DL-101C digital levels.
{"title":"The Topcon DL-101C Digital Level","authors":"J. M. Rüeger","doi":"10.1080/00050354.2000.10558816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050354.2000.10558816","url":null,"abstract":"Even though the Topcon digital levels have been on the market since 1994, very little has been reported on the working principle of these instruments and on the results achieved with them. This paper discusses the operating principle of the Topcon digital level DL-101C and explains how the staff reading and the sighting distance are derived from the image of the coded staff that is ‘seen’ by the linear sensor of the instrument. Experiences gained with the instrument at UNSW are reported and those of other researchers are summarised. In routine precision digital levelling tests carried out by students at UNSW,·the one-kilometre double-run precision was found to be ±0.22 mm when using specialised measuring and processing procedures. Also at UNSW, the temperature effect on the lines of sight of two DL-101C digital levels was determined as +0. 57”/C and +0.42”/C and the vertical shift as +6 μm/C. Cyclic errors of maximum amplitudes between 12 μm and 39 μm were found in the staff readings of four DL-101C digital levels.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00050354.2000.10558815
W. Featherstone, J. M. Rüeger
This paper reviews the deviation of vertical and its use in the reduction of terrestrial survey data such as directions, azimuths, zenith angles and slope distances. The deviations of the vertical over Australia will change by an average of 6.8” due to the implementation of the Geocentric Datum of Australia. Therefore, for most applications, the deviation of the vertical may no longer be neglected in survey computations and adjustments. With the release of the AUSGeoid98, absolute deviations of the vertical at the geoid and with respect to the GRS80 ellipsoid are now available for these purposes. The improvements made when using deviations of the vertical are demonstrated for several worked examples. The exception is that the deviation of the vertical should not be applied when computing height differences from zenith angles and slope distances for use on the Australian Height Datum (AHD).
{"title":"The Importance of Using Deviations of the Vertical for the Reduction of Survey Data to a Geocentric Datum","authors":"W. Featherstone, J. M. Rüeger","doi":"10.1080/00050354.2000.10558815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050354.2000.10558815","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the deviation of vertical and its use in the reduction of terrestrial survey data such as directions, azimuths, zenith angles and slope distances. The deviations of the vertical over Australia will change by an average of 6.8” due to the implementation of the Geocentric Datum of Australia. Therefore, for most applications, the deviation of the vertical may no longer be neglected in survey computations and adjustments. With the release of the AUSGeoid98, absolute deviations of the vertical at the geoid and with respect to the GRS80 ellipsoid are now available for these purposes. The improvements made when using deviations of the vertical are demonstrated for several worked examples. The exception is that the deviation of the vertical should not be applied when computing height differences from zenith angles and slope distances for use on the Australian Height Datum (AHD).","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130936886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00050353.2000.10558799
A. Chong
The Nine Mile Creek upper slide at Clyde Dam, in the South Island of New Zealand is the largest of the ten slides in the vicinity of Lake Dunstan. The paper discusses the use of the congruency test to determine the slide movement based on the erected concrete pillar movements before and after the filling of lake Dunstan.
{"title":"A two-epoch point movement analysis of GPS network using Congruency Test","authors":"A. Chong","doi":"10.1080/00050353.2000.10558799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050353.2000.10558799","url":null,"abstract":"The Nine Mile Creek upper slide at Clyde Dam, in the South Island of New Zealand is the largest of the ten slides in the vicinity of Lake Dunstan. The paper discusses the use of the congruency test to determine the slide movement based on the erected concrete pillar movements before and after the filling of lake Dunstan.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117001251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00050353.2000.10558801
G. Hunter, I. Williamson, Jon Robinson
In 2000 a new combined course commenced at The University of Melbourne known as the Bachelor of Geomatics Engineering/Bachelor of Planning and Design (Properly and Construction). The course, to be offered jointly between the Department of Geomatics in the Faculty of Engineering, and the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, has been designed specifically to provide a comprehensive and integrated educational program that delivers professional engineers and surveyors to meet the future needs of the land development industry. In addition to taking geographic subjects in the areas of measurement science, geographic information science and land administration, students enrolled in the BGeomE/BPD course will also take subjects in properly development (including shopping and retailing), construction technology, construction management, construction law, accounting and development management.
{"title":"A New Course Producing Professional Surveyors and Engineers for the Land Development Industry","authors":"G. Hunter, I. Williamson, Jon Robinson","doi":"10.1080/00050353.2000.10558801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050353.2000.10558801","url":null,"abstract":"In 2000 a new combined course commenced at The University of Melbourne known as the Bachelor of Geomatics Engineering/Bachelor of Planning and Design (Properly and Construction). The course, to be offered jointly between the Department of Geomatics in the Faculty of Engineering, and the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, has been designed specifically to provide a comprehensive and integrated educational program that delivers professional engineers and surveyors to meet the future needs of the land development industry. In addition to taking geographic subjects in the areas of measurement science, geographic information science and land administration, students enrolled in the BGeomE/BPD course will also take subjects in properly development (including shopping and retailing), construction technology, construction management, construction law, accounting and development management.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125833787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00050353.2000.10558803
A. el-Mowafy
This study investigates the RTK achievable accuracy and repeatability under different satellite configurations and site conditions in an urban environment. Impact of the RTK data latency is quantified. Results show that the RTK is more stable for the horizontal coordinates than the height, and data latency generates errors of a few millimeters. Positioning accuracy on the cm level can be routinely achieved when observing sufficient number of satellites.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of the RTK Technique in an Urban Environment","authors":"A. el-Mowafy","doi":"10.1080/00050353.2000.10558803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050353.2000.10558803","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the RTK achievable accuracy and repeatability under different satellite configurations and site conditions in an urban environment. Impact of the RTK data latency is quantified. Results show that the RTK is more stable for the horizontal coordinates than the height, and data latency generates errors of a few millimeters. Positioning accuracy on the cm level can be routinely achieved when observing sufficient number of satellites.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123783309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00050353.2000.10558806
{"title":"Notes to Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00050353.2000.10558806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050353.2000.10558806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-01DOI: 10.1080/00050353.2000.10558802
M. Kadir, S. Ses, G. Desa, Chia Wee Tong, Teng Chee Boo
Malaysian Cadastral System is based on the dimensions of each parcel and its location with respect to adjacent parcels. Realizing the needs of modern GIS and the efficiency of GPS as a positioning tool, there is a move by various countries to convert similar dimensional systems into “coordinate based cadastre”. This paper present the results of a collaborative study between the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and the Department of Survey and Mapping, Malaysia (DSMM), on the implementation of Coordinated Cadastral System(CCS). The study focuses on two major issues: i) the application of GPS technique for control network densification to support the implementation of CCS; and ii) the adjustment of large cadastral network. A great length of analysis of results are presented.
{"title":"Towards the Implementation of Coordinated Cadastral System in Malaysia : Large Cadastral Network Adjustments","authors":"M. Kadir, S. Ses, G. Desa, Chia Wee Tong, Teng Chee Boo","doi":"10.1080/00050353.2000.10558802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050353.2000.10558802","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysian Cadastral System is based on the dimensions of each parcel and its location with respect to adjacent parcels. Realizing the needs of modern GIS and the efficiency of GPS as a positioning tool, there is a move by various countries to convert similar dimensional systems into “coordinate based cadastre”. This paper present the results of a collaborative study between the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and the Department of Survey and Mapping, Malaysia (DSMM), on the implementation of Coordinated Cadastral System(CCS). The study focuses on two major issues: i) the application of GPS technique for control network densification to support the implementation of CCS; and ii) the adjustment of large cadastral network. A great length of analysis of results are presented.","PeriodicalId":119818,"journal":{"name":"Australian Surveyor","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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