European Journal of Oral Sciences最新文献

The rising use of 3D-printed temporary prostheses calls for a deeper understanding of microbial adhesion to these prostheses, a topic that remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the surface properties and microbial adhesion of four types of temporary materials manufactured by different methods: two conventionally produced materials—poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and bis-acryl composite (BA)—and two digitally fabricated materials—poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, CAD/CAM milled) and difunctional methacrylate resin (3Dresin, 3D printed). A total of 120 specimens (n = 30 per material) were prepared for surface roughness, contact angle, and microbial adhesion tests using Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. Additionally, 12 separate specimens (one per microorganism for each material) were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results revealed that BA and PEMA had higher contact angles than both PMMA and 3Dresin, with BA showing the highest surface roughness. S. aureus exhibited the highest adhesion across all materials. Surprisingly, 3Dresin, despite its low surface roughness, demonstrated the highest microbial adhesion. No statistically significant correlation was found between CFU counts and either surface roughness or contact angle. The study highlights that conventional materials are more hydrophobic than digitally produced ones, suggesting that 3Dresin materials may pose a higher risk of microbial colonization and biomaterial-associated infections.

Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) are essential for regenerative endodontic treatment. Although mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are widely used in regenerative endodontic treatment procedures, their effects on SCAP remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine on SCAP viability and mineralization in the presence of Enterococcus faecalis under aerobic and anaerobic environments. Stem cells from the apical papilla were isolated from three healthy donors and exposed to three different surface area-to-volume (SA:V) ratio extracts of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine for 21 days in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Cell viability was assessed using a neutral red cytotoxicity assay, and mineralization was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. No significant differences between ProRoot MTA and Biodentine regarding SCAP viability were detected; however, increased cytotoxicity was found (for both ProRoot MTA and Biodentine) at the highest SA:V ratio of extract used. Oxygen availability, as well as variability in responses of SCAP from the different donors, resulted in greater variation of ALP levels than did type of material. Both ProRoot MTA and Biodentine showed comparable effects on SCAP viability and mineralization, with high SA:V ratios of extracts resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Mineralization in SCAP is influenced by oxygen conditions and the presence of E. faecalis, elucidating the need for further in vivo studies to optimize regenerative endodontic treatment outcomes.

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on dentin in permanent teeth. Eight databases (PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, LILACS, and Livivo) and three “gray literature” sources (Open Access Theses and Dissertations [OATD], Open Grey, and ProQuest) were used. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and methodology quality was assessed using the QUIN tool. The review included in vitro studies investigating the effect of 38% SDF on demineralized permanent dentin. The primary outcomes were findings from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) approaches, while secondary outcomes included findings from hardness testing, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and scanning electron microscopy. From 16,630 results, 17 studies met the eligibility criteria. After treatment with 38% SDF, significant increases were observed in the levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in dentin. Higher mineral/matrix ratios and a significantly lower amide I/HPO²⁻ ratio were identified, using FITR, in groups treated with SDF. Restoration of dentin crystallinity in groups treated with SDF, with sharp peaks for silver chloride and silver, were shown using XRD. Micro-computed tomography revealed reduced lesion depth, while scanning electron microscopy showed smoother surfaces and partial occlusion of tubules. Risk of bias was moderate in 13 studies and high in four. Overall, 38% SDF reduces demineralization, preserves mineral content, increases the levels of Ca and P, and enhances mineral/matrix ratios, demonstrating potential for managing demineralization.

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of bulk material on the reliability and failure modes of narrow-diameter implants. Narrow implants (Ø3.5 × 10 mm - 11° internal conical connection) were manufactured from three different bulk materials: commercially pure titanium grade-IV (CP4), cold-worked titanium (CW), and 4Titude (4Ti), and were evaluated under fatigue testing. Eighteen samples per group were tested under step-stress accelerated life testing through 30° off-axis load application in mild, moderate, and aggressive loading profiles. The number of cycles and load at failure were used to calculate use-level probability curves and reliability for missions of 100,000 cycles up to 200 N, followed by fractographic analyses. Beta values suggested that damage accumulation dictated failures. Reliability analyses at 80, 120, and 150 N evidenced high reliability for narrow implants independent of bulk material. At 200 N, a decrease in reliability was observed for all groups (∼46%). Failure mode analysis depicted similar failures for all groups and comprised implant fracture, abutment fracture, and implant + abutment fractures. Narrow implants presented high reliability for physiologic masticatory forces in the anterior region. Characteristic strength, reliability, and failure modes were similar regardless of bulk material, suggesting that fatigue damage accumulation at thin wall implants dictated failure over bulk material strength.

We aimed to characterize the salivary proteomic profile and the salivary protein expression in children with and without early childhood caries (ECC) in order to identify salivary protein biomarkers for ECC. We recruited 56 children into the ECC (n = 28) and caries-free (n = 28) groups. Stimulated whole saliva was collected on ice, followed by protein analysis using a label-free proteomic technique. Moreover, we performed a multidisciplinary bioinformatic analysis. Proteomic analysis revealed significant between-group differences in the salivary protein expression profiles. Based on the protein–protein interaction network analysis and protein function identification, we identified L-lactate dehydrogenase as a potential biomarker. Accordingly, in a validation study, we performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the differential expression of salivary L-lactate dehydrogenase between 20 preschool children with ECC and 19 caries-free children. The ECC children had significantly higher levels of L-lactate dehydrogenase than the caries-free children, which suggests its predictive utility for ECC. Taken together, our findings suggest that L-lactate dehydrogenase, as well as peroxiredoxin-5, glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, malate dehydrogenase, and talin-1, may be potential biomarkers of ECC.

We aimed to identify factors predicting toothbrushing less than twice daily at the age of 2 years. The data from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study of 506 mother–father pairs (with 506 children) were used. Logistic regression analyses were conducted of the outcome (brushing less than twice daily) at the age of 24 months. Independent variables were parental age, parental education, siblings in the household, use of childcare service, and information about whether the parents are divorced, as well as brushing of the child's teeth and the parents’ own teeth at 12 months with their first order interactions. More than one quarter of the parents reported brushing their child's teeth less than twice daily at the age of 2 years. The strongest predictor for brushing the child's teeth less than twice daily at the age of 24 months was brushing child's teeth less than twice daily at the age of 12 months; the effect was significantly stronger for those children whose fathers had low education than for those whose fathers had medium/high education. Other predictors were mother's and father's own brushing at 12 months, childcare at home, and mother's low education. To improve toothbrushing in young children, early intervention is needed in families where parents brush their own teeth less than twice daily and in families with low education.

Dental anxiety can impact the ability of dental services to cater to specific patient groups. The aim of this review was to map existing psychological interventions used to treat dental anxiety for patients with a history of torture, abuse, or dental anxiety/phobia. The review was prospectively registered (Open Science Framework). Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology, six databases (MEDLINE ALL [Ovid], Embase [Ovid], PsycInfo [Ovid], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) [EBSCO]) were systematically searched. A total of 1743 studies from 1984 to 2024 were retrieved and screened, resulting in 39 articles meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. This review reveals a notable gap: Minimal research exists on psychological interventions treating dental anxiety for patients with a history of torture or abuse. In contrast, studies on patients with dental anxiety or phobia highlight a range of effective treatments demonstrating positive outcomes. However, many of these studies lacked detailed reporting on patient comorbidities and dropout rates, limiting a comprehensive understanding of their findings. Therefore, further research is needed to explore psychological interventions for survivors of torture and abuse.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of the use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, ferric sulfate, or a herbal hemostatic agent for hemostasis in primary molar pulpotomy. Sixty-five children aged 5–9 years with a total of 81 primary mandibular second molars indicated for pulpotomy were included in the study. The teeth were randomly divided into the following three groups according to the pulpotomy agents used: ferric sulfate, herbal hemostatic agent, or Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Following pulpotomy treatments, the patients were followed up for 12 months. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. At the end of the follow-up period, the clinical success rates for ferric sulfate, the herbal hemostatic agent, and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser were 96, 100, and 100%, respectively, while the radiographic success rates were 76, 73, and 96%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between treatments with respect to radiographic success rates, with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser showing a higher success rate compared with the other groups. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be used as a hemostatic agent in the pulpotomy of primary teeth and is considered a suitable alternative to ferric sulfate and the herbal hemostatic agent.

This study aimed to evaluate the precision and reliability of the integrated electronic apex locator in determining various root perforation diameters and to examine the impact of instrumentation kinematics on perforation site detection. One hundred extracted single-root mandibular premolars were artificially perforated at five distinct diameters (0.25–1.25 mm), located 5 mm above the root apex. The teeth were then divided into 10 groups based on perforation size and kinematic subgroup (rotary, reciprocation; n = 10/subgroup). Actual distances to the perforation site (actual length) were measured under a dental operating microscope. Electronic distances (electronic length) were determined using an endodontic motor with an integrated electronic apex locator using rotary or reciprocating instrumentation kinematics during root canal treatment. To quantify the actual length to the electronic length discrepancies, individual tooth measurements were compared. The integrated electronic apex locator failed to identify perforations ≤ 0.50 mm in diameter. Electronic length measurements were similarly accurate for 1.00 and 1.25 mm perforations but more precise than for 0.75 mm perforations. Instrumentation kinematics did not affect the electronic length measurement accuracy. Integrated electronic apex locators failed to detect small perforations during root canal treatment. The perforation diameter influenced the detection accuracy of integrated electronic apex locators, whereas kinematics had no effect.

This study aimed to evaluate the compressive and adhesive strengths of ceramic restorations (PICN and 5Y-PSZ zirconia) cemented with one of three types of cements: conventional glass ionomer cement (GI), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GI), and self-adhesive resin cement (R). Ceramic specimens (5Y-PSZ, n = 72; PICN, n = 60) were prepared for testing after cementation onto glass fiber-reinforced resin-based composite tooth analogs. The 5Y-PSZ specimens underwent tribochemical silica coating before cementation. Specimens intended for compressive strength evaluation were mechanically cycled (500,000 cycles) before testing. A microtensile bond strength test was used to evaluate adhesive strength, with specimens sectioned into microbars (1 mm² cross-section) and loaded until fracture. If pre-test failures occurred, bond strength was assessed using microshear tests. PICN restorations showed significantly higher compressive strength than 5Y-PSZ. For PICN, self-adhesive resin cement yielded the highest compressive strength. For adhesive strength, PICN restorations cemented with self-adhesive or RM-GI cements outperformed GI. The 5Y-PSZ+R combination showed the highest microshear bond strength, superior to 5Y-PSZ+RM-GI and 5Y-PSZ+GI. Resin cements showed higher compressive and adhesive strengths for PICN than glass ionomer-based cements. For 5Y-PSZ, the cement type did not significantly affect compressive strength. Overall, PICN restorations outperformed 5Y-PSZ in compressive and adhesive strengths.