Pub Date : 2022-07-09DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.08
N. D. H. Nguyen
This article explores the reciprocal relationship between Vietnam and its diaspora in the United States, and suggests that they have adopted a reconciliatory approach to promote development progress within the context of transnational interactions triggered by globalization. The diaspora acts reactively to the home state’s responses, but proactively to its capacity for effective communication and negotiation. Conversely, the home state at first acts reactively toward transnational interactions and then gradually adopts expatriate-oriented policies to proactively steer diaspora engagement for development impacts. Reciprocal interactions help to expand the scope of diaspora engagement from low- to high-level transnational practices, which go beyond income-based and material supports and center on social development aiming to improve the wellbeing of every individual in Vietnamese society. These reactions may also push for further policy change in the home country and result in improved institutional conditions in which deeper contributions of the diaspora could be expected for the consolidation of peace and development in a post-conflict society.
{"title":"Vietnamese-American Diaspora Engagement in Homeland Development: Reciprocities, Potentials, and Challenges","authors":"N. D. H. Nguyen","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.08","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the reciprocal relationship between Vietnam and its diaspora in the United States, and suggests that they have adopted a reconciliatory approach to promote development progress within the context of transnational interactions triggered by globalization. The diaspora acts reactively to the home state’s responses, but proactively to its capacity for effective communication and negotiation. Conversely, the home state at first acts reactively toward transnational interactions and then gradually adopts expatriate-oriented policies to proactively steer diaspora engagement for development impacts. Reciprocal interactions help to expand the scope of diaspora engagement from low- to high-level transnational practices, which go beyond income-based and material supports and center on social development aiming to improve the wellbeing of every individual in Vietnamese society. These reactions may also push for further policy change in the home country and result in improved institutional conditions in which deeper contributions of the diaspora could be expected for the consolidation of peace and development in a post-conflict society.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127007558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-09DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.07
Alexander Voisine
Abstract:The literature produced by Spanish exiles living in Mexico after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) has created important inroads to analyze the complicated relationships between the exiles and their Mexican hosts. Jordi Soler’s novels Los rojos de ultramar (2004) and La última hora del último día (2007) differ from past works regarding the Spanish exile in Mexico by starkly depicting the complexity of the historicized relationship between foreigner and citizen in Mexico in colonial terms and by assuming distinct literary forms. In particular, the books’ centralization of Article 33—a Constitutional article in Mexico that allowed the executive branch to expel foreigners without due process—offers new avenues of analysis into the interlaced structures of law, xenophobia, and xenophilia. This article seeks to read Article 33 in the context of colonial and anticolonial dynamics at the time the exiles depicted in the novels arrived in Mexico, permitting a deeper examination of Mexico’s relationship with its foreign-born population. The article ends with a gendered analysis of the invocation of Article 33 in the “contact zone” depicted in the books, illuminating the relationship between citizenship, coloniality, exile, and illuminating the relationship between citizenship, coloniality, race, exile, and heteropatriachal nationalism.
摘要:西班牙内战(1936-1939)后流亡者在墨西哥创作的文学作品为分析流亡者与墨西哥主人之间的复杂关系提供了重要的突破口。Jordi Soler的小说《Los rojos de ultramar》(2004)和《La última hora del último día》(2007)与以往关于西班牙人在墨西哥流亡的作品不同，他们以殖民的方式赤裸裸地描绘了墨西哥外国人和公民之间历史关系的复杂性，并采用了独特的文学形式。尤其值得注意的是，这两本书集中阐述了第33条——墨西哥宪法中允许行政部门在没有正当程序的情况下驱逐外国人的条款——为分析法律、仇外心理和排外主义的交错结构提供了新的途径。本文试图在小说中描述的流亡者抵达墨西哥时的殖民和反殖民动态背景下解读第33条，从而更深入地审视墨西哥与其外国出生人口的关系。文章最后对书中所描绘的“接触区”中援引第33条进行了性别分析，阐明了公民权、殖民性、流亡之间的关系，也阐明了公民权、殖民性、种族、流亡和异族民族主义之间的关系。
{"title":"Trouble In/Troubling The Contact Zone: Representations Of Mexico’s Article 33 in Jordi Soler’s La ultima hora del ultimo día and los rojos de ultramar","authors":"Alexander Voisine","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The literature produced by Spanish exiles living in Mexico after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) has created important inroads to analyze the complicated relationships between the exiles and their Mexican hosts. Jordi Soler’s novels Los rojos de ultramar (2004) and La última hora del último día (2007) differ from past works regarding the Spanish exile in Mexico by starkly depicting the complexity of the historicized relationship between foreigner and citizen in Mexico in colonial terms and by assuming distinct literary forms. In particular, the books’ centralization of Article 33—a Constitutional article in Mexico that allowed the executive branch to expel foreigners without due process—offers new avenues of analysis into the interlaced structures of law, xenophobia, and xenophilia. This article seeks to read Article 33 in the context of colonial and anticolonial dynamics at the time the exiles depicted in the novels arrived in Mexico, permitting a deeper examination of Mexico’s relationship with its foreign-born population. The article ends with a gendered analysis of the invocation of Article 33 in the “contact zone” depicted in the books, illuminating the relationship between citizenship, coloniality, exile, and illuminating the relationship between citizenship, coloniality, race, exile, and heteropatriachal nationalism.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-09DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.06
Pamela Layoun
Abstract:The aim of this article is to highlight the emergence of a coming-of-age trend in post-war Anglophone Lebanese literature and offer a postcolonial reading of the ways in which it explores the complexities of forming an identity in transnational subjects. Niko by Dimitri Nasrallah and Lifted by the Great Nothing by Karim Dimechkie adapt the form of the Bildungsroman to examine the role that diaspora and trauma play in shaping the identity of their young protagonists, whose self-realization depends on finding the parent they lost as a result of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). By analyzing these novels’ spatial and temporal mobility, this article argues that their protagonists’ transnational identity prescribes a fluid self which is not fixed to a specific home or to a present, but rather free to move between here and there and then and now.
{"title":"Coming Of Age In Post-War Anglophone Lebanese Literature: The Search For Identity In Niko And Lifted By The Great Nothing","authors":"Pamela Layoun","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.22.2.2022.06.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aim of this article is to highlight the emergence of a coming-of-age trend in post-war Anglophone Lebanese literature and offer a postcolonial reading of the ways in which it explores the complexities of forming an identity in transnational subjects. Niko by Dimitri Nasrallah and Lifted by the Great Nothing by Karim Dimechkie adapt the form of the Bildungsroman to examine the role that diaspora and trauma play in shaping the identity of their young protagonists, whose self-realization depends on finding the parent they lost as a result of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). By analyzing these novels’ spatial and temporal mobility, this article argues that their protagonists’ transnational identity prescribes a fluid self which is not fixed to a specific home or to a present, but rather free to move between here and there and then and now.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122637170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.25
László Szerencsés
Abstract:Turkey is a prime example of the growing importance of diaspora related policies in countries with emerging power status. Based on reports, observations, and interviews with Turkish and Kosovar citizens in Pristina in February 2019, this article examines how Turkey since 2002 has created societal influence in Kosovo—a new and insecure country with which Turkey established relations since its inception—by using, among other things, the Presidency for Re ligious Affairs (Diyanet) for its diaspora policies. Looking at how the inclusive and repressive tactics of Turkish diaspora-building feed into each other, I argue that Ankara has expanded the boundaries of the Turkish state's reach by harnessing religion (Islam) in addition to exist ing ethnic bonds (Turkishness), thereby allowing Turkey to create a diaspora out of a much larger group of people including non-Turkish Muslims. As a result, certain segments among the Sunni-Muslim Albanians in Kosovo have developed close relations with Turkey that may be employed when needed to police elements of the diaspora that are seen as oppositional. While Turkey's "domestic abroad" has expanded considerably due to the initial inclusive outreach, it has also become more fragmented, more contested, and more unruly, delivering continuously diminishing returns in terms of regime security at home. Although the repression of disloyal diaspora members by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) is aimed at stabilizing rule at home, it creates divisions in the diaspora and risks Turkey's relations with the countries in which it asserts its authority.
{"title":"Inclusion and Repression in Turkey's Diaspora Policies in Kosovo as a Tool of Loyalty Building in Religious Circles","authors":"László Szerencsés","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Turkey is a prime example of the growing importance of diaspora related policies in countries with emerging power status. Based on reports, observations, and interviews with Turkish and Kosovar citizens in Pristina in February 2019, this article examines how Turkey since 2002 has created societal influence in Kosovo—a new and insecure country with which Turkey established relations since its inception—by using, among other things, the Presidency for Re ligious Affairs (Diyanet) for its diaspora policies. Looking at how the inclusive and repressive tactics of Turkish diaspora-building feed into each other, I argue that Ankara has expanded the boundaries of the Turkish state's reach by harnessing religion (Islam) in addition to exist ing ethnic bonds (Turkishness), thereby allowing Turkey to create a diaspora out of a much larger group of people including non-Turkish Muslims. As a result, certain segments among the Sunni-Muslim Albanians in Kosovo have developed close relations with Turkey that may be employed when needed to police elements of the diaspora that are seen as oppositional. While Turkey's \"domestic abroad\" has expanded considerably due to the initial inclusive outreach, it has also become more fragmented, more contested, and more unruly, delivering continuously diminishing returns in terms of regime security at home. Although the repression of disloyal diaspora members by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) is aimed at stabilizing rule at home, it creates divisions in the diaspora and risks Turkey's relations with the countries in which it asserts its authority.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122824785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.14.2
G. M. Francis
Abstract:In this interview, artistic director and choreographer Thomas Prestø speaks with cultural studies scholar Dr. Gladys M. Francis about his personal journey as a hyper visible Black boy growing up in a Norwegian region known as a hub for neo-Nazi groups. Subjected to various forms of torture, Prestø discusses how his experiences shaped his politics of arts when he founded the Tabanka Dance Company to promote "a sustainable Black identity" that converges both Ca ribbean and African movement esthetics to tell the stories of Blacks in Norway. Prestø presents how his body of work informs Black diaspora studies in terms of art and culture through issues of minority identities, body-memory, body-politics, and political and cultural agency relating to Black performances and cultures in Norway. He discusses principles on "Caribfuturism" and corporealities within what he calls "the uniqueness of the Afropean, the Afro-Scandinavian and the poly-Diasporan." His insights on the prejudiced mechanisms of representation and segmen tation of cultures visible in Norway also convey how his artistic productions offer challenging esthetics and representations of gender and sexuality for performing Brown and Black artists. The following segments were gathered during his 2018 dance fellowship in Dakar, Senegal, my scholar appointment in Norway in 2019, and follow up discussions in spring 2021.
{"title":"Performing while Black: Disrupting Gender and Sexuality from Trinidad to Norway—TheArtivism of Thomas Prestø","authors":"G. M. Francis","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.14.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.14.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this interview, artistic director and choreographer Thomas Prestø speaks with cultural studies scholar Dr. Gladys M. Francis about his personal journey as a hyper visible Black boy growing up in a Norwegian region known as a hub for neo-Nazi groups. Subjected to various forms of torture, Prestø discusses how his experiences shaped his politics of arts when he founded the Tabanka Dance Company to promote \"a sustainable Black identity\" that converges both Ca ribbean and African movement esthetics to tell the stories of Blacks in Norway. Prestø presents how his body of work informs Black diaspora studies in terms of art and culture through issues of minority identities, body-memory, body-politics, and political and cultural agency relating to Black performances and cultures in Norway. He discusses principles on \"Caribfuturism\" and corporealities within what he calls \"the uniqueness of the Afropean, the Afro-Scandinavian and the poly-Diasporan.\" His insights on the prejudiced mechanisms of representation and segmen tation of cultures visible in Norway also convey how his artistic productions offer challenging esthetics and representations of gender and sexuality for performing Brown and Black artists. The following segments were gathered during his 2018 dance fellowship in Dakar, Senegal, my scholar appointment in Norway in 2019, and follow up discussions in spring 2021.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126784903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.07
Melissa Finn, Eid Mohamed, Bessma Momani
Abstract:When transnationally constructed art forms, such as the works of diasporic cultural productions of Arabs in the West, are made available in open-source on a digital archive, this supports the transnational flow or exchange of citizenship-enhancing ideas, skill-sets, technologies, tools, capacities, and practices. In this theoretical investigation, we explore imagined outcomes when new audiences can engage with diasporic cultural productions of Arabs. Digital archiving of ethnically diverse cultural productions can expand civility, solidarity, and common ground among people; these latter behaviors are the ideational foundations of agency-based claims of transnational citizenship. Such cultural productions help to reconfigure the questions, opportunities, and nature of political and social agency in ways that empower diaspora communities and expand their abilities to make citizenship claims in multiple societies. This is what the Internet enables despite its tendency towards parochialism in globalized pockets. Moreover, we highlight the possibilities of open-source digital archiving—with a focus on literature, poetry, biographies, and letters—for agency-based claims of citizenship and the many caveats that require further attention and consideration.
{"title":"Digital Archiving of Diasporic Cultural Productions and Transnational Citizenship of Arabs in the West","authors":"Melissa Finn, Eid Mohamed, Bessma Momani","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:When transnationally constructed art forms, such as the works of diasporic cultural productions of Arabs in the West, are made available in open-source on a digital archive, this supports the transnational flow or exchange of citizenship-enhancing ideas, skill-sets, technologies, tools, capacities, and practices. In this theoretical investigation, we explore imagined outcomes when new audiences can engage with diasporic cultural productions of Arabs. Digital archiving of ethnically diverse cultural productions can expand civility, solidarity, and common ground among people; these latter behaviors are the ideational foundations of agency-based claims of transnational citizenship. Such cultural productions help to reconfigure the questions, opportunities, and nature of political and social agency in ways that empower diaspora communities and expand their abilities to make citizenship claims in multiple societies. This is what the Internet enables despite its tendency towards parochialism in globalized pockets. Moreover, we highlight the possibilities of open-source digital archiving—with a focus on literature, poetry, biographies, and letters—for agency-based claims of citizenship and the many caveats that require further attention and consideration.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131591579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.20.1
Chiara Maritato
Abstract:With the inclusion of women among the religious officers of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Di yanet) who are serving abroad, the "ideal Turkish family" has become the main program underlying projects and activities oriented towards women, families, and young people. This international mis sion has led to an expansion of religious services and moral support in order to reinforce a religion– nation–family nexus within the diaspora. This article examines how the Diyanet officers reproduce the Islam–nation–family intersection as a discourse to be propagated to the diaspora, and whether this narrative reinforces Turkey's attempts to create loyalty to Turkey within the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations, an analysis of Diyanet official publications, and interviews with Diyanet officers at mosques in Vienna and Stockholm, this article shows the extent to which the Diyanet's international mission is a catalyst for the dissemination of nationalist, moral, and religious values within the diaspora, how Diyanet officers are actively involved in fostering a religious-national discourse within diaspora communities and how they specifically reinforce the connection between Islam, the Turkish nation, and the traditional Turkish family.
{"title":"Islam, the Homeland, and the Family: Diyanet's Narrative and Practices Aimed at Shaping a Loyal Muslim Turkish Diaspora","authors":"Chiara Maritato","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.20.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.20.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:With the inclusion of women among the religious officers of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Di yanet) who are serving abroad, the \"ideal Turkish family\" has become the main program underlying projects and activities oriented towards women, families, and young people. This international mis sion has led to an expansion of religious services and moral support in order to reinforce a religion– nation–family nexus within the diaspora. This article examines how the Diyanet officers reproduce the Islam–nation–family intersection as a discourse to be propagated to the diaspora, and whether this narrative reinforces Turkey's attempts to create loyalty to Turkey within the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations, an analysis of Diyanet official publications, and interviews with Diyanet officers at mosques in Vienna and Stockholm, this article shows the extent to which the Diyanet's international mission is a catalyst for the dissemination of nationalist, moral, and religious values within the diaspora, how Diyanet officers are actively involved in fostering a religious-national discourse within diaspora communities and how they specifically reinforce the connection between Islam, the Turkish nation, and the traditional Turkish family.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114913764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.intro
Chiara Maritato, K. Öktem, A. Zadrożna, Bilge Yabanci, Gül Üret, László Szerencsés, J. Gow, Navid Fozi, Melissa Finn, Eid Mohamed, Bessma Momani, G. M. Francis
Abstract:With the inclusion of women among the religious officers of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Di yanet) who are serving abroad, the "ideal Turkish family" has become the main program underlying projects and activities oriented towards women, families, and young people. This international mis sion has led to an expansion of religious services and moral support in order to reinforce a religion– nation–family nexus within the diaspora. This article examines how the Diyanet officers reproduce the Islam–nation–family intersection as a discourse to be propagated to the diaspora, and whether this narrative reinforces Turkey's attempts to create loyalty to Turkey within the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations, an analysis of Diyanet official publications, and interviews with Diyanet officers at mosques in Vienna and Stockholm, this article shows the extent to which the Diyanet's international mission is a catalyst for the dissemination of nationalist, moral, and religious values within the diaspora, how Diyanet officers are actively involved in fostering a religious-national discourse within diaspora communities and how they specifically reinforce the connection between Islam, the Turkish nation, and the traditional Turkish family.
{"title":"Introduction-A State of Diasporas: The Transnationalisation of Turkey and its Communities Abroad","authors":"Chiara Maritato, K. Öktem, A. Zadrożna, Bilge Yabanci, Gül Üret, László Szerencsés, J. Gow, Navid Fozi, Melissa Finn, Eid Mohamed, Bessma Momani, G. M. Francis","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.intro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.intro","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:With the inclusion of women among the religious officers of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Di yanet) who are serving abroad, the \"ideal Turkish family\" has become the main program underlying projects and activities oriented towards women, families, and young people. This international mis sion has led to an expansion of religious services and moral support in order to reinforce a religion– nation–family nexus within the diaspora. This article examines how the Diyanet officers reproduce the Islam–nation–family intersection as a discourse to be propagated to the diaspora, and whether this narrative reinforces Turkey's attempts to create loyalty to Turkey within the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations, an analysis of Diyanet official publications, and interviews with Diyanet officers at mosques in Vienna and Stockholm, this article shows the extent to which the Diyanet's international mission is a catalyst for the dissemination of nationalist, moral, and religious values within the diaspora, how Diyanet officers are actively involved in fostering a religious-national discourse within diaspora communities and how they specifically reinforce the connection between Islam, the Turkish nation, and the traditional Turkish family.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131059087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.20.2
Bilge Yabanci
Abstract:What motivates diasporas to support undemocratic rule in their countries of origin while en joying democratic freedoms in their countries of settlement? This study adopts a meso-level ap proach to answer this question, and focuses on the Turkish diaspora in Europe as a case study. Lately, the diaspora governance literature has focused on official diaspora institutions and the policies of countries of origin. This study, alternatively, highlights "diasporic civic space" as an arena entrenching authoritarian practices "at home." It investigates the conditions under which diasporic civic space can be co-opted by undemocratic countries of origin and the role of "home state oriented diaspora organizations" in this process of co-optation. The study shows that diasporic civic space can offer resources to undemocratic regimes to mobilize previously dormant diaspora communities and create a support base abroad that is driven by nationalism and partisanship. The empirical discussion unveils four factors behind the successful mobili zation of diasporas by undemocratic countries of origin: (1) nationalist sentiments among the diaspora; (2) motivations to get a share from the perks that may be meted out by home country government; (3) feelings of insecurity, fear, and marginalization as immigrants; and (4) the de sire to assert one's identity and cultural ties vis-à-vis the majority in countries of settlement. The findings are based on the case of the Turkish diasporic civic space in Europe, which has recently been mobilized by a diaspora organization with political ties to the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Original data are drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted in 2018–2019 with members and representatives of major pro-AKP diaspora organization known as the Union of International Democrats (UID), as well as Alevi, Kurdish, and Islamist/conservative diaspora organizations in Sweden, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Germany. The findings con tribute to the understanding of undemocratic home states' non-coercive and de-territorialized governance practices beyond their borders.
{"title":"Home State Oriented Diaspora Organizations and the Making of Partisan Citizens Abroad: Motivations, Discursive Frames, and Actions Towards Co-Opting the Turkish Diaspora in Europe","authors":"Bilge Yabanci","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.20.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.20.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:What motivates diasporas to support undemocratic rule in their countries of origin while en joying democratic freedoms in their countries of settlement? This study adopts a meso-level ap proach to answer this question, and focuses on the Turkish diaspora in Europe as a case study. Lately, the diaspora governance literature has focused on official diaspora institutions and the policies of countries of origin. This study, alternatively, highlights \"diasporic civic space\" as an arena entrenching authoritarian practices \"at home.\" It investigates the conditions under which diasporic civic space can be co-opted by undemocratic countries of origin and the role of \"home state oriented diaspora organizations\" in this process of co-optation. The study shows that diasporic civic space can offer resources to undemocratic regimes to mobilize previously dormant diaspora communities and create a support base abroad that is driven by nationalism and partisanship. The empirical discussion unveils four factors behind the successful mobili zation of diasporas by undemocratic countries of origin: (1) nationalist sentiments among the diaspora; (2) motivations to get a share from the perks that may be meted out by home country government; (3) feelings of insecurity, fear, and marginalization as immigrants; and (4) the de sire to assert one's identity and cultural ties vis-à-vis the majority in countries of settlement. The findings are based on the case of the Turkish diasporic civic space in Europe, which has recently been mobilized by a diaspora organization with political ties to the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Original data are drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted in 2018–2019 with members and representatives of major pro-AKP diaspora organization known as the Union of International Democrats (UID), as well as Alevi, Kurdish, and Islamist/conservative diaspora organizations in Sweden, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Germany. The findings con tribute to the understanding of undemocratic home states' non-coercive and de-territorialized governance practices beyond their borders.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131299008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.21
Gül Üret
This article examines a new phenomenon of affluent Turks investing in Greek real estate following the 15 July 2016 coup attempt in order to obtain residence rights in Greece. Triggered by a sense of social, political, and economic insecurity, Turkish nationals invest to secure an exit strategy and safe haven for family and capital in case of potential economic and political upheaval in the country. Drawing on Hirschman’s (1970) typology of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty , this paper argues that this new form of mobility and comfortable exit of the Turkish upper middle class helps defuse opposition to the AKP government and could have a stabilizing effect for the regime in the long run. Based on data from twenty-eight interviews with investors and Golden Visa brokers taking part in the investment process, two factors, in particular, are making the move from Turkey to Greece an attractive option for Turkish nationals, namely geographic proximity and perceived cultural familiarity.
{"title":"Between Lifestyle Migration and Comfortable Exit Strategies: Turkish Golden Visa Investors in Greece","authors":"Gül Üret","doi":"10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.21.2.2021.05.21","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a new phenomenon of affluent Turks investing in Greek real estate following the 15 July 2016 coup attempt in order to obtain residence rights in Greece. Triggered by a sense of social, political, and economic insecurity, Turkish nationals invest to secure an exit strategy and safe haven for family and capital in case of potential economic and political upheaval in the country. Drawing on Hirschman’s (1970) typology of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty , this paper argues that this new form of mobility and comfortable exit of the Turkish upper middle class helps defuse opposition to the AKP government and could have a stabilizing effect for the regime in the long run. Based on data from twenty-eight interviews with investors and Golden Visa brokers taking part in the investment process, two factors, in particular, are making the move from Turkey to Greece an attractive option for Turkish nationals, namely geographic proximity and perceived cultural familiarity.","PeriodicalId":119873,"journal":{"name":"Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122062834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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