Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100017
M. Shahid, S. Joshi, N. Alqhtani, M. Alsaidan, K. Aldossari, A. Abuderman, Mannaa Aldowsar, S. Al-Ghamdi, H. Balto, N. Al-Hammad, eep Agrawal, Altaf H. Shah, A. Ahmed, V. Dhillon
Objectives: The main focus of this review article was to collate up to date knowledge with regard to significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes associated with tooth agenesis. Failure to develop complete set of teeth also called tooth agenesis is a common developmental abnormality manifested mainly as an isolated condition. This anomaly is also associated with many developmental syndromes. Methods: We reviewed the evidence from the literature with regard to SNPs in many genes associated with this developmental anomaly. The information contained in this review deals only with non-syndromic form of tooth agenesis. This condition generally affects third molars or one or few other permanent teeth, however, in some cases its severity is relatively prevalent. Results and Conclusions: Mutations in genes such as Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), Paired box gene 9 (PAX9), Axis inhibitor protein 2 (AXIN2) and Ectodysplasin A (EDA) have been identified that are associated with the familial form of the disease. It has been shown that the phenotypes associated with these mutations indicate the involvement of more complex mechanisms. Clinical Significance: Evidence collected so far has immense clinical significance to clinical dentists in providing comprehensive guide outlining the role of these gene mutations (SNPs) in various genes and also how the patients affected with this condition will be clinically diagnosed and managed in future.
{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in the Genes Associated with Tooth Agenesis","authors":"M. Shahid, S. Joshi, N. Alqhtani, M. Alsaidan, K. Aldossari, A. Abuderman, Mannaa Aldowsar, S. Al-Ghamdi, H. Balto, N. Al-Hammad, eep Agrawal, Altaf H. Shah, A. Ahmed, V. Dhillon","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100017","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The main focus of this review article was to collate up to date knowledge with regard to significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes associated with tooth agenesis. Failure to develop complete set of teeth also called tooth agenesis is a common developmental abnormality manifested mainly as an isolated condition. This anomaly is also associated with many developmental syndromes. Methods: We reviewed the evidence from the literature with regard to SNPs in many genes associated with this developmental anomaly. The information contained in this review deals only with non-syndromic form of tooth agenesis. This condition generally affects third molars or one or few other permanent teeth, however, in some cases its severity is relatively prevalent. Results and Conclusions: Mutations in genes such as Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), Paired box gene 9 (PAX9), Axis inhibitor protein 2 (AXIN2) and Ectodysplasin A (EDA) have been identified that are associated with the familial form of the disease. It has been shown that the phenotypes associated with these mutations indicate the involvement of more complex mechanisms. Clinical Significance: Evidence collected so far has immense clinical significance to clinical dentists in providing comprehensive guide outlining the role of these gene mutations (SNPs) in various genes and also how the patients affected with this condition will be clinically diagnosed and managed in future.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91203964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100021
Hiral Murawala, Isha Ranadive, Sonam Patel, S. Balakrishnan
Amongst several vertebrates, caudal fin of teleost fish has been emerged as an excellent model to understand the mechanism of regeneration. By now it is well perceived that proper coordination of different regulatory signals are needed to facilitate the progression of successive stages of regeneration. Therefore, in the current study protein expression profile for caudal fin regeneration in Poecilia latipnna was brought into the focus. The pattern of protein turnover and variation in the expression level were observed across the stages of regeneration. Data from twodimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the differential expression of proteins for wound epithelium, blastema and differentiation stages when compared to resting stage. Based on the computational analysis, of the peptide expression profile and subsequent sequencing, two peptides namely Keratin type I cytoskeletal 15 and Myosin light chain-1 were studied further at transcript level. keratin-15 was found to be up regulated at wound epithelium stage while its expression waned significantly in the blastema and differentiation stages of regeneration indicating its role in the formation of a functional wound epithelium. Western blot analysis of keratin-15 also concurred with transcript levels of krt15. However, myl-1 transcript levels was observed to be dispensable for initial phase of regeneration whereas its elevated level in differentiation stage at both mRNA and protein level marks its noteworthy role in achieving the structural integrity of a regenerating caudal fin. This is the first observation of the involvement of keratin-15 and Myosin light chain-1 in the regulation of regenerative process in Poecilia latipinna.
{"title":"Temporal Expression Pattern of Peptides in the Regenerating Caudal Fin of Teleost Fish Poecilia latipinna With Special Emphasis on krt15 and myl-1","authors":"Hiral Murawala, Isha Ranadive, Sonam Patel, S. Balakrishnan","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100021","url":null,"abstract":"Amongst several vertebrates, caudal fin of teleost fish has been emerged as an excellent model to understand the mechanism of regeneration. By now it is well perceived that proper coordination of different regulatory signals are needed to facilitate the progression of successive stages of regeneration. Therefore, in the current study protein expression profile for caudal fin regeneration in Poecilia latipnna was brought into the focus. The pattern of protein turnover and variation in the expression level were observed across the stages of regeneration. Data from twodimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the differential expression of proteins for wound epithelium, blastema and differentiation stages when compared to resting stage. Based on the computational analysis, of the peptide expression profile and subsequent sequencing, two peptides namely Keratin type I cytoskeletal 15 and Myosin light chain-1 were studied further at transcript level. keratin-15 was found to be up regulated at wound epithelium stage while its expression waned significantly in the blastema and differentiation stages of regeneration indicating its role in the formation of a functional wound epithelium. Western blot analysis of keratin-15 also concurred with transcript levels of krt15. However, myl-1 transcript levels was observed to be dispensable for initial phase of regeneration whereas its elevated level in differentiation stage at both mRNA and protein level marks its noteworthy role in achieving the structural integrity of a regenerating caudal fin. This is the first observation of the involvement of keratin-15 and Myosin light chain-1 in the regulation of regenerative process in Poecilia latipinna.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89525482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100040
S. O. Omer, Murari Singh
The GGE stands for genotype main effect (G) added to genotype by environment (GE) interaction. GGE-biplot a graphical tool was applied to study adaptation of 18 sorghum genotypes to the six environments using data from a multi-environment trials (MET) conducted in randomized complete block designs at two locations during 2009-2012 in Sudan. Analysis of variance was used to test the significance of GE interactions, estimates of variance components and predicted means were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood REML method. A number of priors for the variance components of the model were considered for Bayesian analysis using R2WinBUGS software. The best set of priors was selected using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Thus, the predicted estimates of GE means using REML method for frequentist approach and posterior estimates for the Bayesian approach were used for the graphical presentation of the genotypes and the environments. In frequentist approach, the first two principal components accounted for 64% of variation in total GGE interactions where the individual two principal components accounted for PC1=43% and PC2=23% respectively. The Bayesian approach accounted for 89% variation in the total GGE interaction with PC1=58% and PC2=31% respectively. The Bayesian GGE biplot analysis explained much larger proportion of variation in GGE interaction in comparison with frequentist approach, and thus resulted in a more powerful inference on the adaptation of genotypes to the environments considered.
{"title":"Comparing Bayesian and Frequentist Approaches for GGE Bi-plot Analysis in Multi-Environment Trials in Sorghum","authors":"S. O. Omer, Murari Singh","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100040","url":null,"abstract":"The GGE stands for genotype main effect (G) added to genotype by environment (GE) interaction. GGE-biplot a graphical tool was applied to study adaptation of 18 sorghum genotypes to the six environments using data from a multi-environment trials (MET) conducted in randomized complete block designs at two locations during 2009-2012 in Sudan. Analysis of variance was used to test the significance of GE interactions, estimates of variance components and predicted means were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood REML method. A number of priors for the variance components of the model were considered for Bayesian analysis using R2WinBUGS software. The best set of priors was selected using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Thus, the predicted estimates of GE means using REML method for frequentist approach and posterior estimates for the Bayesian approach were used for the graphical presentation of the genotypes and the environments. In frequentist approach, the first two principal components accounted for 64% of variation in total GGE interactions where the individual two principal components accounted for PC1=43% and PC2=23% respectively. The Bayesian approach accounted for 89% variation in the total GGE interaction with PC1=58% and PC2=31% respectively. The Bayesian GGE biplot analysis explained much larger proportion of variation in GGE interaction in comparison with frequentist approach, and thus resulted in a more powerful inference on the adaptation of genotypes to the environments considered.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86178069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most dangerous aquatic weeds for Lake Tana. To minimize invasion; biological, chemical and physical control methods can be used. Biological control based on the use of natural enemies of the weed to discourage its development was the best option. Plant pathogenic associated with naturally infected Faba bean by fungus was conducted at different sites with the objective of study the pathogen city indigenous fungi on water hyacinth to manage its spread on Lake Tana. Infected fungus plant samples were collected from three weredas (Amba Gyorgese, Dabat and Debarke) around Gondar at 20 Peasant association (PAs), The collection were done for infected Faba bean leaves and roots and isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar medium. Highest disease incidence per plant was recorded in water hyacinth plants using Using Modified Naseema et al. (2001) disease severity rating scale by inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani spp. Aspergillus flavus, Tricothcium roseum, Fusarium spp and Aspergillus niger show high moderate disease severity and tissue death at green house and pond level. Those fungus were released on September 2016 to prepared open pond at 16m2 and water hyacinth was started severely attacked on November 2016, its disease incidence was 55% at 23˚C and humidity 39%, in December 2016 its disease incidence was 58.4% at humidity 31% and 23˚C, in January 2017 disease incidence was 65% at 26˚C and humidity 25% and in Feb 2017 not record disease incidence because all leaves are attacked and dry and Disease severity was 100%.However, in April 2017 due to the climate conditions becomes cold and rain the dried water hyacinth started make new shoot and at this time the disease severity was 90%. Some species of Fungi found in Faba bean leaf and root can eradicate the healthy water hyacinth at above 26˚C and at less than 25% Humidity.
水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)是塔纳湖最危险的水生杂草之一。减少入侵;可采用生物、化学和物理防治方法。利用杂草的天敌进行生物防治是抑制其发展的最佳选择。在不同地点进行了蚕豆自然感染真菌的植物病原学研究，目的是研究水葫芦的病原城市乡土真菌，以控制其在塔纳湖的传播。在贡达尔附近20个农会的三个地区(Amba Gyorgese、Dabat和Debarke)采集了感染真菌的植物样本，对感染的蚕豆叶片和根进行了采集，并使用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基进行分离。采用using Modified Naseema et al.(2001)的疾病严重程度评定量表，水葫芦植株单株发病率最高，接种了茄枯丝核菌后，黄曲霉、玫瑰毛霉、镰刀菌和黑曲霉在温室和池塘水平表现出高、中度的疾病严重程度和组织死亡。2016年9月将真菌投放到16m2的露天池中，水葫芦于2016年11月开始严重侵染，在23℃、湿度39%条件下，病害发病率为55%，在湿度31%、23℃条件下，2016年12月病害发病率为58.4%，在26℃、湿度25%条件下，2017年1月病害发病率为65%，在2017年2月因叶片全部被侵染干燥，病害严重程度为100%，未记录病害发病率。然而，在2017年4月，由于气候条件变冷和降雨，干燥的水葫芦开始长新芽，此时疾病严重程度为90%。在温度高于26℃、湿度低于25%的条件下，蚕豆叶和根中的某些真菌可以消灭健康的水葫芦。
{"title":"Controlling Water Hyacinth in Lake Tana Using Biological Method at Green House and Pond Level","authors":"Adugnaw Admas, Samuael Sahle, Erehmet Belete, Aklilu Agidie, Mehari Alebachew","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100029","url":null,"abstract":"Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most dangerous aquatic weeds for Lake Tana. To minimize invasion; biological, chemical and physical control methods can be used. Biological control based on the use of natural enemies of the weed to discourage its development was the best option. Plant pathogenic associated with naturally infected Faba bean by fungus was conducted at different sites with the objective of study the pathogen city indigenous fungi on water hyacinth to manage its spread on Lake Tana. Infected fungus plant samples were collected from three weredas (Amba Gyorgese, Dabat and Debarke) around Gondar at 20 Peasant association (PAs), The collection were done for infected Faba bean leaves and roots and isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar medium. Highest disease incidence per plant was recorded in water hyacinth plants using Using Modified Naseema et al. (2001) disease severity rating scale by inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani spp. Aspergillus flavus, Tricothcium roseum, Fusarium spp and Aspergillus niger show high moderate disease severity and tissue death at green house and pond level. Those fungus were released on September 2016 to prepared open pond at 16m2 and water hyacinth was started severely attacked on November 2016, its disease incidence was 55% at 23˚C and humidity 39%, in December 2016 its disease incidence was 58.4% at humidity 31% and 23˚C, in January 2017 disease incidence was 65% at 26˚C and humidity 25% and in Feb 2017 not record disease incidence because all leaves are attacked and dry and Disease severity was 100%.However, in April 2017 due to the climate conditions becomes cold and rain the dried water hyacinth started make new shoot and at this time the disease severity was 90%. Some species of Fungi found in Faba bean leaf and root can eradicate the healthy water hyacinth at above 26˚C and at less than 25% Humidity.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77121211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100019
Siguna Mueller, Farhad Jafari, D. Roth
DNA storage of information is emerging as the next-generation approach to archiving vast amounts of data. Various sophisticated approaches for data storage in DNA have been proposed. Herein we present a multistep algorithm designed to detect and/or correct errors introduced at any stage of the DNA storage process, including those during message DNA generation, and propose refinements designed to ensure authenticity and correctness of each individual encoded DNA block. In addition, the algorithm allows authentic decoding without a reference sequence or message meaning. The algorithm is designed based on principles underlying provably secure cryptographic systems. Importantly, our new algorithm compares favorably with current ones in terms of ease of implementation and message expansion. In cases where reads are error-free, our algorithm should be faster than current alignment techniques. Without knowing the original data, a certificate is generated that confirms that the obtained data are exactly the same as the original. Our algorithm has applications to DNA steganography, sequence alignment, fast identification of correct reads in next generation sequencing and to message security.
{"title":"Improving Dependability and Precision of Data Encoding in DNA","authors":"Siguna Mueller, Farhad Jafari, D. Roth","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100019","url":null,"abstract":"DNA storage of information is emerging as the next-generation approach to archiving vast amounts of data. Various sophisticated approaches for data storage in DNA have been proposed. Herein we present a multistep algorithm designed to detect and/or correct errors introduced at any stage of the DNA storage process, including those during message DNA generation, and propose refinements designed to ensure authenticity and correctness of each individual encoded DNA block. In addition, the algorithm allows authentic decoding without a reference sequence or message meaning. The algorithm is designed based on principles underlying provably secure cryptographic systems. Importantly, our new algorithm compares favorably with current ones in terms of ease of implementation and message expansion. In cases where reads are error-free, our algorithm should be faster than current alignment techniques. Without knowing the original data, a certificate is generated that confirms that the obtained data are exactly the same as the original. Our algorithm has applications to DNA steganography, sequence alignment, fast identification of correct reads in next generation sequencing and to message security.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81185471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100039
Fadia J Aizzi
Background: Management of recurrent endometrioma should balance between the risk of unexpected hidden malignancy and the damaging effect of second surgery to ovarian tissue. Dienogest is a fourth generation of progestin and has been used in endometriosis with effective and save reports. Patients and methods: Between April 2015 and August 2016, the recruitment was started to include women with symptomatic recurrent endometrioma after surgery, their ages between 18 – 40 years. The adenxial masses had been evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound to prove the diagnosis which required the presence of ground glass echogenicity and one to four compartments and no papillary structures with detectable blood flow, after signing an informed consent, all patients received dienogest tablet 2 mg daily for 52 weeks. Numeric pain scale, and transvaginal ultrasound were used to evaluate all patients on monthly basis in the first three months, then every three months. Results: Twenty patients had been enrolled with minimum follow up after stopping the treatment is six months up to one year. The size of the cysts ranged from 3.2 cm up to 7 cm, with mean size 5.46 cm, after three months of treatment; mean numeric pain score was 2.5 versus 5.1 on presentation (P<0.001), and the mean of largest diameter of the cyst became 3.1 cm versus 5.45 cm on presentation (p<0.001). By the end of the 6th month of treatment, we had residual cysts (1.8cm) in two patients only which remain in their size until the end of treatment. With the end of follow up no report of recurrence of symptoms neither evidence of ultrasound features of recurrence. Conclusion: Dienogest 2mg per day is a well-tolerated therapy for recurrent endometrioma with safe side effect profile. It can make the patient pain free and reduce the size of the cyst within three months.
{"title":"Recurrent Endometrioma; Outcome of Medical Management with Dienogest","authors":"Fadia J Aizzi","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100039","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Management of recurrent endometrioma should balance between the risk of unexpected hidden malignancy and the damaging effect of second surgery to ovarian tissue. Dienogest is a fourth generation of progestin and has been used in endometriosis with effective and save reports. Patients and methods: Between April 2015 and August 2016, the recruitment was started to include women with symptomatic recurrent endometrioma after surgery, their ages between 18 – 40 years. The adenxial masses had been evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound to prove the diagnosis which required the presence of ground glass echogenicity and one to four compartments and no papillary structures with detectable blood flow, after signing an informed consent, all patients received dienogest tablet 2 mg daily for 52 weeks. Numeric pain scale, and transvaginal ultrasound were used to evaluate all patients on monthly basis in the first three months, then every three months. Results: Twenty patients had been enrolled with minimum follow up after stopping the treatment is six months up to one year. The size of the cysts ranged from 3.2 cm up to 7 cm, with mean size 5.46 cm, after three months of treatment; mean numeric pain score was 2.5 versus 5.1 on presentation (P<0.001), and the mean of largest diameter of the cyst became 3.1 cm versus 5.45 cm on presentation (p<0.001). By the end of the 6th month of treatment, we had residual cysts (1.8cm) in two patients only which remain in their size until the end of treatment. With the end of follow up no report of recurrence of symptoms neither evidence of ultrasound features of recurrence. Conclusion: Dienogest 2mg per day is a well-tolerated therapy for recurrent endometrioma with safe side effect profile. It can make the patient pain free and reduce the size of the cyst within three months.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89530678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100026
H. Sawaguchi, K. Gose, Soichiro Hanada, M. Muraki
{"title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome","authors":"H. Sawaguchi, K. Gose, Soichiro Hanada, M. Muraki","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87572395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100023
Afzal Shah, R. Salgotra, S. Wani, S. Mondal, M. Shah, Sm Zarger, Am Kumar, .. A.Kaur
Climate change has been a threat to food security challenges. Climate change presents an additional stress on food security challenges as it affects production of food in many ways. Among various stresses, drought is a big concern and rising at an alarming rate with climate change. Scientific approaches are being tried to understand the mechanisms of drought stress. The emergence of new molecular biology approaches and new sequencing as well as phenotyping platforms good research progress has been made in regard to drought and drought resistance mechanisms via identification of quantitative trait loci or genes responsible for drought tolerance mechanisms through Qtl mapping, Family based Qtl mapping, Linkage disequilibrium, Structural and Functional genomics approaches. Genome wide selection methods have been used for the current world concern of drought which will eventually lead to climate resilient crops and will solve the problem of food insecurity in near future. Huge data are being derived from genome wide selection (GWS) studies at the transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics levels, but how efficiently to explore and exploit these data to extract the essential functional pathways or networks for genetic improvement of drought resistance remains a significant challenge.
{"title":"Breeding and genomics approaches to increase crop yield under drought stress in climate change scenario","authors":"Afzal Shah, R. Salgotra, S. Wani, S. Mondal, M. Shah, Sm Zarger, Am Kumar, .. A.Kaur","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100023","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has been a threat to food security challenges. Climate change presents an additional stress on food security challenges as it affects production of food in many ways. Among various stresses, drought is a big concern and rising at an alarming rate with climate change. Scientific approaches are being tried to understand the mechanisms of drought stress. The emergence of new molecular biology approaches and new sequencing as well as phenotyping platforms good research progress has been made in regard to drought and drought resistance mechanisms via identification of quantitative trait loci or genes responsible for drought tolerance mechanisms through Qtl mapping, Family based Qtl mapping, Linkage disequilibrium, Structural and Functional genomics approaches. Genome wide selection methods have been used for the current world concern of drought which will eventually lead to climate resilient crops and will solve the problem of food insecurity in near future. Huge data are being derived from genome wide selection (GWS) studies at the transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics levels, but how efficiently to explore and exploit these data to extract the essential functional pathways or networks for genetic improvement of drought resistance remains a significant challenge.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83475644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100041
H. Morimoto
Background: The mortality from stroke is known to increase to a greater extent with the fall of temperature. Environmental factors may play a major role in triggering of the onset of stroke. There is a delay between cold exposure and the onset of stroke. This fact may reflect the complex mechanism after cold exposure. However, a precise process after cold exposure is not well documented. The purpose of this paper is to study the processes after cold exposure that affect human health, exploring the changes in both weather and gene expression. Methods and findings: We used ambulance data of patients provided by the city of Nagoya in Japan during a period from 2002 to 2005. The data included the daily number of patients of all ages, who were first transported by ambulance to a hospital and then diagnosed at the hospital with stroke or cerebral infarction. We used also gene expression data extracted from the database GEO (gene expression omnibus) maintained by The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The method is based on random walks in the plane of two variables, mean temperature and relative humidity. We extracted random walks that correspond to paths after cold exposure leading to the onset of stroke and classified the characteristic feature of cooling and rewarming random walks. The increase of relative humidity was observed during these random walks, and suggested the importance of inflammatory system. To discuss a possible mechanism after cold exposure, we examined the gene expression data among the database GEO, and found the increase of cytokine-related genes, especially interleukin 6 signal transducer IL6st and interleukin receptors of IL17. These interleukins play an important role in inflammatory responses. Conclusion: The correspondence between the gene expressions of cytokines and "cooling and rewarming random walks" in the meteorological factors will provide a scheme that connects weather and disease, and will provide novel avenues for research in the prevention of stroke.
{"title":"Processes After Cold Exposure Leading to the Onset of Stroke","authors":"H. Morimoto","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100041","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mortality from stroke is known to increase to a greater extent with the fall of temperature. Environmental factors may play a major role in triggering of the onset of stroke. There is a delay between cold exposure and the onset of stroke. This fact may reflect the complex mechanism after cold exposure. However, a precise process after cold exposure is not well documented. The purpose of this paper is to study the processes after cold exposure that affect human health, exploring the changes in both weather and gene expression. Methods and findings: We used ambulance data of patients provided by the city of Nagoya in Japan during a period from 2002 to 2005. The data included the daily number of patients of all ages, who were first transported by ambulance to a hospital and then diagnosed at the hospital with stroke or cerebral infarction. We used also gene expression data extracted from the database GEO (gene expression omnibus) maintained by The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The method is based on random walks in the plane of two variables, mean temperature and relative humidity. We extracted random walks that correspond to paths after cold exposure leading to the onset of stroke and classified the characteristic feature of cooling and rewarming random walks. The increase of relative humidity was observed during these random walks, and suggested the importance of inflammatory system. To discuss a possible mechanism after cold exposure, we examined the gene expression data among the database GEO, and found the increase of cytokine-related genes, especially interleukin 6 signal transducer IL6st and interleukin receptors of IL17. These interleukins play an important role in inflammatory responses. Conclusion: The correspondence between the gene expressions of cytokines and \"cooling and rewarming random walks\" in the meteorological factors will provide a scheme that connects weather and disease, and will provide novel avenues for research in the prevention of stroke.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85863184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100004
S. V, S. P, R. A.
Traditional uses of plants have led to investigating their bioactive compounds which had resulted in the detection of a significant number of therapeutics properties. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is believed to be native to the Mediterranean region or Asia; it is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs. Fenugreek contains different alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. In present studies the antimicrobial activity of Fenugreek leaves, seeds and stem extract (Methanol, Acetone and aqueous extract) against E. coli and Staphylococcus were determined by the well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition was given by methanol i.e. 20 mm and 19 mm against E. coli and Staphylococcus respectively, followed by Acetone extract which give the equal zone of inhibition for both organism i.e. 16 mm while the aqueous extract shows nill zone of inhibition. Thus from bacteriological point of view Fenugreek leaves and stem appears to play a great role in clinical as well as antibacterial agents.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek)","authors":"S. V, S. P, R. A.","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100004","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional uses of plants have led to investigating their bioactive compounds which had resulted in the detection of a significant number of therapeutics properties. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is believed to be native to the Mediterranean region or Asia; it is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs. Fenugreek contains different alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. In present studies the antimicrobial activity of Fenugreek leaves, seeds and stem extract (Methanol, Acetone and aqueous extract) against E. coli and Staphylococcus were determined by the well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition was given by methanol i.e. 20 mm and 19 mm against E. coli and Staphylococcus respectively, followed by Acetone extract which give the equal zone of inhibition for both organism i.e. 16 mm while the aqueous extract shows nill zone of inhibition. Thus from bacteriological point of view Fenugreek leaves and stem appears to play a great role in clinical as well as antibacterial agents.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87422567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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