Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100018
Emhamed Boras, M. Slevin, W. Gilmore, L. Potempa, Sabine Matou-Nasri
Excessive angiogenesis (i.e. neovascularization) in atherosclerotic lesions, sites of dissociation of the inflammatory biomarker pentameric C-reactive protein (pCRP) into monomeric CRP (mCRP), represents a focus of plaque instability with haemorrhagic complications. We previously demonstrated mCRP pro-angiogenic effects on cultured aortic endothelial cells. However, mCRP effects in combination with FGF-2, pro-angiogenic factor released by activated macrophages infiltrating developing lesions, have not yet been described. Here, we examined in vitro the angiogenic capabilities of mCRP combined with FGF-2 by performing endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation including tube formation and spheroid sprouting assays. The signaling pathways were also investigated by Western blotting and all the cell-based assays were used with or without pharmacological inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and I³-secretase, considered as key regulators of angiogenesis. We showed that mCRP-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration required activation of PI3K pathway. MAPK pathway was essential in mCRP-induced endothelial cell proliferation and spheroid sprouting while I³-secretase activity was indispensable for mCRP-induced tube formation only. MAPK pathway was required in all FGF-2-stimulated angiogenic assays whereas I³-secretase slightly inhibited FGF-2 angiogenic effects. PI3K pathway was necessary for FGF-2 angiogenic activities except for cell differentiation. In most of the assays, the additive pro-angiogenic effects of mCRP combined to FGF-2 were mainly attenuated by PI3K and MAPK inhibitors. Altogether, mCRP and FGF-2 have common angiogenic signaling pathways through PI3K and MAPK. Thus, the therapeutic use of PI3K and MAPK inhibitors may inhibit this increased vascularization whilst reducing the haemorrhagic complications from unstable plaques.
{"title":"Common Angiogenic Signaling Pathways Induced by Monomeric C - reactive protein and FGF-2 through MAPK and PI3K","authors":"Emhamed Boras, M. Slevin, W. Gilmore, L. Potempa, Sabine Matou-Nasri","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100018","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive angiogenesis (i.e. neovascularization) in atherosclerotic lesions, sites of dissociation of the inflammatory biomarker pentameric C-reactive protein (pCRP) into monomeric CRP (mCRP), represents a focus of plaque instability with haemorrhagic complications. We previously demonstrated mCRP pro-angiogenic effects on cultured aortic endothelial cells. However, mCRP effects in combination with FGF-2, pro-angiogenic factor released by activated macrophages infiltrating developing lesions, have not yet been described. Here, we examined in vitro the angiogenic capabilities of mCRP combined with FGF-2 by performing endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation including tube formation and spheroid sprouting assays. The signaling pathways were also investigated by Western blotting and all the cell-based assays were used with or without pharmacological inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and I³-secretase, considered as key regulators of angiogenesis. We showed that mCRP-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration required activation of PI3K pathway. MAPK pathway was essential in mCRP-induced endothelial cell proliferation and spheroid sprouting while I³-secretase activity was indispensable for mCRP-induced tube formation only. MAPK pathway was required in all FGF-2-stimulated angiogenic assays whereas I³-secretase slightly inhibited FGF-2 angiogenic effects. PI3K pathway was necessary for FGF-2 angiogenic activities except for cell differentiation. In most of the assays, the additive pro-angiogenic effects of mCRP combined to FGF-2 were mainly attenuated by PI3K and MAPK inhibitors. Altogether, mCRP and FGF-2 have common angiogenic signaling pathways through PI3K and MAPK. Thus, the therapeutic use of PI3K and MAPK inhibitors may inhibit this increased vascularization whilst reducing the haemorrhagic complications from unstable plaques.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83220305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100032
Reetesh Kumar, Savitri Tiwari, F. R. Moraes
Bothrombin is a snake venom serine protease from Bothropus jararaca, which aggregates platelets in the presence of fibrinogen. In this context, the 3D model of Bothrombin was design for molecular modeling studies by modeller9v5 using as template the protein C Activator (PDB ID 2AIP). Energy minimized Bothrombin model was validated by methods such as PROCHECK, PROSA, ERRAT, WHAT-IF and VERITY 3D. After confirming all suggested evidences, such as geometric quality of the backbone conformation, residue interaction, energy profile etc., the interaction study based on docking was further calculated with ClusPro server. This protocol was designed in order to assess the dependence of bothrombin model from its template and how it compares to thrombin. Crystal structure of fibrinopeptides of PDB ID: 1DM4 and 1YCP were selected for docking studies. These fibrinopeptide also docked with thrombin and protein C Activator. All docked complexes were then further analysed by means of interaction energy between subunits and their corresponding binding energy estimates. The present study gain insight into protein structure-function relationships among serine proteinases, and its importance in biomedical applications.
肉凝血酶是一种蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶，在纤维蛋白原存在的情况下聚集血小板。在此背景下，以蛋白C激活因子(PDB ID 2AIP)为模板，利用modeler9v5软件设计了bo凝血酶的三维模型进行分子建模研究。通过PROCHECK、PROSA、ERRAT、WHAT-IF和verity3d等方法对能量最小化肉凝血酶模型进行验证。在确认了骨架构象的几何质量、残馀相互作用、能量分布等所有建议证据后，利用ClusPro服务器进一步计算基于对接的相互作用研究。该方案的设计是为了评估血凝酶模型对其模板的依赖性以及它与凝血酶的比较。选择PDB ID: 1DM4和1YCP的纤维蛋白肽晶体结构进行对接研究。这些纤维蛋白肽也与凝血酶和蛋白C激活剂对接。然后通过亚基之间的相互作用能及其相应的结合能估计进一步分析所有对接的配合物。本研究深入了解了丝氨酸蛋白酶之间的结构-功能关系及其在生物医学应用中的重要性。
{"title":"Structure Insights and Fibrinogen Peptides Molecular Recognition by Bothrombin, A Snake Venom Serine Protease from Bothropus jararaca","authors":"Reetesh Kumar, Savitri Tiwari, F. R. Moraes","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100032","url":null,"abstract":"Bothrombin is a snake venom serine protease from Bothropus jararaca, which aggregates platelets in the presence of fibrinogen. In this context, the 3D model of Bothrombin was design for molecular modeling studies by modeller9v5 using as template the protein C Activator (PDB ID 2AIP). Energy minimized Bothrombin model was validated by methods such as PROCHECK, PROSA, ERRAT, WHAT-IF and VERITY 3D. After confirming all suggested evidences, such as geometric quality of the backbone conformation, residue interaction, energy profile etc., the interaction study based on docking was further calculated with ClusPro server. This protocol was designed in order to assess the dependence of bothrombin model from its template and how it compares to thrombin. Crystal structure of fibrinopeptides of PDB ID: 1DM4 and 1YCP were selected for docking studies. These fibrinopeptide also docked with thrombin and protein C Activator. All docked complexes were then further analysed by means of interaction energy between subunits and their corresponding binding energy estimates. The present study gain insight into protein structure-function relationships among serine proteinases, and its importance in biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86505958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100038
S. Higgins, Ryan D. Francis, A. Smith
Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an annual crop which belongs to the Solanaceae family of flowering plants and is native to South America. Potato is the fourth most important food crop worldwide, planted on 20 million ha globally in 2005. The need for a sustainable potato production depends on a constantly renewed supply of disease free planting material. Tissue culture micropropagation was used to revolutionize the potato industry in the 1970’s and with this technique disease-free plantlets were used to produce healthy seed tubers for farmers. This study compared the yield and nutrient profile of Spunta 58 70 77 minitubers produced by TIS with Shepody minitubers grown by local farmers. Methodology: In vitro tissue culture plantlets received from the Scientific Research Council’s genebank were grown in a TIS containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) multiplication media for three weeks at 25 ± 2°C with 16-h photoperiod under fluorescent light with a photon flux of ~52 μmol m-2s-1. After three weeks the medium was replaced with a tuber MS induction medium for six weeks in dark conditions at 25 ± 2°C. Immediately following induction, microtubers were allowed to sprout for twelve weeks in the dark at 25 ± 2°C. Traditionally grown (TG) and TIS microtubers with at least one shoot (>1 in) were then transferred to field in a randomized complete block design. After 12 weeks the physical and nutrient profiles were determined and compared. Results and Discussion: Minitubers produced by TIS had fresh weight (19.8 ± 2.1 g), length (8.1 ± 0.5 cm) and diameter (5.3 ± 0.3 cm) that were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05) from TG minitubers with fresh weight (38.6 ± 3.7 g), length (9.4 ± 0.5 cm) and diameter (5.8 ± 0.3 cm). Similarly, the nutrient profiles of tissue culture and traditionally grown microtubers were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05). However there was a significantly higher iron content (6.21 ± 1.04 mg/kg) in TG minituber when compared to TIS (2.01 ± 1.1 mg/kg). Temporary immersion system may be a valuable alternative for potato microtuber production. This technique could be used to increase the local production of generation one Irish potato thereby providing high quality seed potato to meet the national demand.
{"title":"Production of Solanum tuberosum L. Microtuber Using Temporary Immersion System","authors":"S. Higgins, Ryan D. Francis, A. Smith","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100038","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an annual crop which belongs to the Solanaceae family of flowering plants and is native to South America. Potato is the fourth most important food crop worldwide, planted on 20 million ha globally in 2005. The need for a sustainable potato production depends on a constantly renewed supply of disease free planting material. Tissue culture micropropagation was used to revolutionize the potato industry in the 1970’s and with this technique disease-free plantlets were used to produce healthy seed tubers for farmers. This study compared the yield and nutrient profile of Spunta 58 70 77 minitubers produced by TIS with Shepody minitubers grown by local farmers. Methodology: In vitro tissue culture plantlets received from the Scientific Research Council’s genebank were grown in a TIS containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) multiplication media for three weeks at 25 ± 2°C with 16-h photoperiod under fluorescent light with a photon flux of ~52 μmol m-2s-1. After three weeks the medium was replaced with a tuber MS induction medium for six weeks in dark conditions at 25 ± 2°C. Immediately following induction, microtubers were allowed to sprout for twelve weeks in the dark at 25 ± 2°C. Traditionally grown (TG) and TIS microtubers with at least one shoot (>1 in) were then transferred to field in a randomized complete block design. After 12 weeks the physical and nutrient profiles were determined and compared. Results and Discussion: Minitubers produced by TIS had fresh weight (19.8 ± 2.1 g), length (8.1 ± 0.5 cm) and diameter (5.3 ± 0.3 cm) that were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05) from TG minitubers with fresh weight (38.6 ± 3.7 g), length (9.4 ± 0.5 cm) and diameter (5.8 ± 0.3 cm). Similarly, the nutrient profiles of tissue culture and traditionally grown microtubers were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05). However there was a significantly higher iron content (6.21 ± 1.04 mg/kg) in TG minituber when compared to TIS (2.01 ± 1.1 mg/kg). Temporary immersion system may be a valuable alternative for potato microtuber production. This technique could be used to increase the local production of generation one Irish potato thereby providing high quality seed potato to meet the national demand.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74154604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100005
J. Omololu-Aso, O. O. Omololu-Aso, Nihinlola Adekanye, Tuesday Alex, rer Tuesday Owolabi, Arwa Shesha
Antimicrobial resistance is majorly an issue of public health concern. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from samples of stool and urine obtained from the clinical settings at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, and to determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns. Nineteen (19) of stools and 22 of urine samples were analysed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques and 11 pure isolates were obtained comprised of 5 (12,2%) isolates from urine and 6 (14,6%) isolates from stool. Antibiotics susceptibility studies were conducted using Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guides. The studies showed that all the E. coli isolated were 100% resistant to augmentin, gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracyclin and chloramphenicol, and 90.90% resistant to oflaxin, sparfloxacin, and amoxycillin while the isolates were susceptible tociprofloxacin (26.33%), and pefloxacin (45.46%). Effective hygiene must be encouraged and indiscriminate usage of antibiotic must be avoided in the study area.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria","authors":"J. Omololu-Aso, O. O. Omololu-Aso, Nihinlola Adekanye, Tuesday Alex, rer Tuesday Owolabi, Arwa Shesha","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100005","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is majorly an issue of public health concern. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from samples of stool and urine obtained from the clinical settings at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, and to determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns. Nineteen (19) of stools and 22 of urine samples were analysed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques and 11 pure isolates were obtained comprised of 5 (12,2%) isolates from urine and 6 (14,6%) isolates from stool. Antibiotics susceptibility studies were conducted using Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guides. The studies showed that all the E. coli isolated were 100% resistant to augmentin, gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracyclin and chloramphenicol, and 90.90% resistant to oflaxin, sparfloxacin, and amoxycillin while the isolates were susceptible tociprofloxacin (26.33%), and pefloxacin (45.46%). Effective hygiene must be encouraged and indiscriminate usage of antibiotic must be avoided in the study area.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81082022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100037
Tiwtawat Napiroon, S. Vajrodaya, W. Santimaleeworagun, Henrik Balslav, Kongk, A. Chayamarit
Aim: To evaluate the activity of medicinal Lasianthus extracts on bacteria and to determine the chemical characters among three medicinal Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) species. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical investigation of L. cyanocarpus, L. hirsutus and L. lucidus were performed using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Four antibacterial resistant strains including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA 1705 (carbapenemase; KPC-producing strain) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (AmpC β-lactamase producing strain) were used. The phytochemical investigation of L. cyanocarpus, L. hirsutus and L. lucidus were performed using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. We also detected the effects of extracts on bacteria by using a scanning electron microscope. Results: The lipophilic extracts from the three plants revealed the terpenoids, coumarin and iridoid. HPLC showed similarities in the chemical profiles of both leaf and stem bark extracts. L. lucidus lipophilic extracts revealed the greatest effect against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at 400 and 100 μg/mL respectively, whereas L. cyanocarpus extracts prominently affected K. pneumoniae at 400 μg/mL. Cell lysis and leakage of bacteria treated with extracts were observed. Conclusion: Our findings surprisingly showed the potential of antibacterial effect among resistant pathogenic bacteria. We also revealed the comparable signals of the chemical characters from the three Lasianthus. These findings support the traditional use related infectious diseases and it might be possible to further develop the antibiotic agents.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Three Medicinal Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) Extracts on Human Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Tiwtawat Napiroon, S. Vajrodaya, W. Santimaleeworagun, Henrik Balslav, Kongk, A. Chayamarit","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100037","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the activity of medicinal Lasianthus extracts on bacteria and to determine the chemical characters among three medicinal Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) species. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical investigation of L. cyanocarpus, L. hirsutus and L. lucidus were performed using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Four antibacterial resistant strains including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA 1705 (carbapenemase; KPC-producing strain) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (AmpC β-lactamase producing strain) were used. The phytochemical investigation of L. cyanocarpus, L. hirsutus and L. lucidus were performed using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. We also detected the effects of extracts on bacteria by using a scanning electron microscope. Results: The lipophilic extracts from the three plants revealed the terpenoids, coumarin and iridoid. HPLC showed similarities in the chemical profiles of both leaf and stem bark extracts. L. lucidus lipophilic extracts revealed the greatest effect against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at 400 and 100 μg/mL respectively, whereas L. cyanocarpus extracts prominently affected K. pneumoniae at 400 μg/mL. Cell lysis and leakage of bacteria treated with extracts were observed. Conclusion: Our findings surprisingly showed the potential of antibacterial effect among resistant pathogenic bacteria. We also revealed the comparable signals of the chemical characters from the three Lasianthus. These findings support the traditional use related infectious diseases and it might be possible to further develop the antibiotic agents.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82136036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100033
Reetesh Kumar, Í. Caruso, A. Ullah, M. Cornélio, M. A. Fossey, Fátima P. Souza, R. Arni
The interaction of flavonoid Quercetin with Phospholipase A2 isolated from snake venom Bothrops brazili (MTX-II) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The fluorimetric titrations were conducted at 288, 298 and 308 K and at pH 8.0. Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) and binding constant (Kb) were calculated along with the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS at 288 and 298 K. From these analysis evidences of complex formation in between MTX-II and QCT are found. Besides that modified Stern-Volmer plot show evidences for two types of intrinsic fluorophores with different accessibilities at 308 K. The mean distance between the donor (MTX-II) and acceptor (QCT) was determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The optimized structure of QCT was obtained by ab initio calculation, which geometry was performed in its ground states by using DFT/B3LYP functional with 6-311+G (d,p) basis set. The molecular docking analysis show that QCT may be localized at two main clusters, the first is at the dimer interface and the second at the active site like region. The clusters positions and binding energies reinforce the experimental data.
{"title":"Exploring the Binding Mechanism of Flavonoid Quercetin to Phospholipase A2: Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Computational Approach","authors":"Reetesh Kumar, Í. Caruso, A. Ullah, M. Cornélio, M. A. Fossey, Fátima P. Souza, R. Arni","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100033","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of flavonoid Quercetin with Phospholipase A2 isolated from snake venom Bothrops brazili (MTX-II) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The fluorimetric titrations were conducted at 288, 298 and 308 K and at pH 8.0. Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) and binding constant (Kb) were calculated along with the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS at 288 and 298 K. From these analysis evidences of complex formation in between MTX-II and QCT are found. Besides that modified Stern-Volmer plot show evidences for two types of intrinsic fluorophores with different accessibilities at 308 K. The mean distance between the donor (MTX-II) and acceptor (QCT) was determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The optimized structure of QCT was obtained by ab initio calculation, which geometry was performed in its ground states by using DFT/B3LYP functional with 6-311+G (d,p) basis set. The molecular docking analysis show that QCT may be localized at two main clusters, the first is at the dimer interface and the second at the active site like region. The clusters positions and binding energies reinforce the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77528676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100006
Shalahuddin Millat, S. Islam, S. Hussain, Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal, T. Islam
Aim: The present study was commenced to investigate the methanolic extracts of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) and Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) for antibacterial properties. Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) is a plant of Asteraceae family while Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) belongs to the family of Rhizophoraceae. Materials and Method: The study was performed by disc diffusion method. Results: Crude methanolic extracts of both Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) and Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) at various concentration were used for antibacterial screening. The methanolic extracts of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) produced good antibacterial activities against gram negative (-ve) bacteria and were resistant against gram positive (+ve) bacteria whereas crude methanolic extracts of Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) were resistant against both gram positive (+ve) and gram negative (-ve) bacteria. Conclusion: Further work especially bioassay-guided fractionation may be avouched in order to isolate and characterize the antibacterial active constituents responsible for the antibacterial property.
{"title":"Anti-bacterial Profiling of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) and Bruguiera Cylindrical (L.): Two Distinct Ethno Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh","authors":"Shalahuddin Millat, S. Islam, S. Hussain, Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal, T. Islam","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100006","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study was commenced to investigate the methanolic extracts of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) and Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) for antibacterial properties. Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) is a plant of Asteraceae family while Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) belongs to the family of Rhizophoraceae. Materials and Method: The study was performed by disc diffusion method. Results: Crude methanolic extracts of both Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) and Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) at various concentration were used for antibacterial screening. The methanolic extracts of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) produced good antibacterial activities against gram negative (-ve) bacteria and were resistant against gram positive (+ve) bacteria whereas crude methanolic extracts of Bruguiera cylindrical (L.) were resistant against both gram positive (+ve) and gram negative (-ve) bacteria. Conclusion: Further work especially bioassay-guided fractionation may be avouched in order to isolate and characterize the antibacterial active constituents responsible for the antibacterial property.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79389049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100016
A. Niño, Tamariz, Zamora Me, Pérez Ld, D. An
The present study aimed to evaluate the biosolids to determine their viability to be applied as fertilizer. Therefore, physicochemical analyzes were carried out to determine their most important characteristics and to determine the potential uses they might have. The disposition of the biosolids demands a very careful handling by the quantity that they reach and by the environmental risks that, in some cases can represent before the possibility of containing polluting substances coming from the treated waters by what is important their characterization to be able to be carried to a composting process.
{"title":"Evaluation and Characterization of Biosolides from Municipal Residual Waters Treatment Plants in the State of Puebla","authors":"A. Niño, Tamariz, Zamora Me, Pérez Ld, D. An","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100016","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the biosolids to determine their viability to be applied as fertilizer. Therefore, physicochemical analyzes were carried out to determine their most important characteristics and to determine the potential uses they might have. The disposition of the biosolids demands a very careful handling by the quantity that they reach and by the environmental risks that, in some cases can represent before the possibility of containing polluting substances coming from the treated waters by what is important their characterization to be able to be carried to a composting process.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72869726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100020
P. Choudhary, M. Mushtaq, Anil Kumar Singh, Shazia Mukhtar, A. Shah, Gagan Mehta, P. Bakshi
Genome engineering with the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is revolutionizing biology. First techniques of genome editing like zinc finger nucleases and synthetic nucleases called TALENs were a starting point but turned out to be expensive, difficult to handle and timeconsuming to engineer, limiting their widespread use, particularly for large scale, high-throughput studies. Moreover, these existing technologies depending on proteins as address labels and customizing new proteins for any new change to introduce in the DNA is a cumbersome process. Of the current generation of genome editing technologies, CRISPR-Cas9 is easier to use and more efficient and can be easily targeted to almost any genomic location of choice by a short RNA guide and has been successfully applied in many organisms, including model and crop plants. Together the system has the ability to detect specific sequences of letters within the genetic code and to cut DNA at a specific point. Simultaneously with other sequence-specific nucleases, CRISPR/ Cas9 has already breach the boundaries and made genetic engineering much more versatile, efficient and easy. There really doesn’t seem to be a limit in applications of CRISPR system extendable from bacteria to complex eukaryotic organisms including plants changing the pace and course of agricultural, Biomedicine and Biotechnological research in the future. This review provides an overview of recent advances in genome editing technologies in plants, and discusses how these can provide insights into current plant molecular biology research and molecular breeding technology.
{"title":"Genome Editing Using Crispr/Cas System: New Era Genetic Technology in Agriculture to Boost Crop Output","authors":"P. Choudhary, M. Mushtaq, Anil Kumar Singh, Shazia Mukhtar, A. Shah, Gagan Mehta, P. Bakshi","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100020","url":null,"abstract":"Genome engineering with the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is revolutionizing biology. First techniques of genome editing like zinc finger nucleases and synthetic nucleases called TALENs were a starting point but turned out to be expensive, difficult to handle and timeconsuming to engineer, limiting their widespread use, particularly for large scale, high-throughput studies. Moreover, these existing technologies depending on proteins as address labels and customizing new proteins for any new change to introduce in the DNA is a cumbersome process. Of the current generation of genome editing technologies, CRISPR-Cas9 is easier to use and more efficient and can be easily targeted to almost any genomic location of choice by a short RNA guide and has been successfully applied in many organisms, including model and crop plants. Together the system has the ability to detect specific sequences of letters within the genetic code and to cut DNA at a specific point. Simultaneously with other sequence-specific nucleases, CRISPR/ Cas9 has already breach the boundaries and made genetic engineering much more versatile, efficient and easy. There really doesn’t seem to be a limit in applications of CRISPR system extendable from bacteria to complex eukaryotic organisms including plants changing the pace and course of agricultural, Biomedicine and Biotechnological research in the future. This review provides an overview of recent advances in genome editing technologies in plants, and discusses how these can provide insights into current plant molecular biology research and molecular breeding technology.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75858512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100027
Adegoke Ag, A. Salami, S. Olaleye
Background: Increase in the incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in developing countries is a pointer to the role metal toxicants may play in its pathogenesis. Cadmium (Cd) has been implicated in the etiology of diseases involving several tissues including the colonic mucosa. This present study aimed at investigating the effects of oral cadmium exposures on healing of acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats. Methods and Findings: Male Wistar rats (100-120 g) were grouped and exposed to cadmium as follows: Control (water), Cd25 (25 ppm CdCl2), Cd50 (50 ppm CdCl2), Cd100 (100 ppm CdCl2) for four weeks. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2 ml 4% acetic acid. Rats were sacrificed and colons were resected on days 0, 3, 7 and 14 of colitis induction. Weekly body weight, diarrheal and macroscopic scores, organ weights, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and regeneration in colonic tissues were studied microscopically. Cadmium significantly (p<0.05) decreased weight gain (%) at weeks 3 and 4 in Cd100 group, significantly (p<0.05) increased stool consistency scores on day 5 in Cd100 group, increased colon macroscopic scores in Cd100 group on days 3 and 7, significantly (p<0.05) increased neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio on days 0 and 7 in Cd50 and Cd100, and colonic MDA concentrations in each of Cd25, Cd50 and Cd100 from day 3 till day 14. Colon histopathology persisted till day 14 in Cd100 group. Conclusions: These data indicate that cadmium delayed healing of acetic acid induced colitis and inflammatory pathways may be implicated.
{"title":"Cadmium Exacerbates Acetic Acid Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats","authors":"Adegoke Ag, A. Salami, S. Olaleye","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100027","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increase in the incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in developing countries is a pointer to the role metal toxicants may play in its pathogenesis. Cadmium (Cd) has been implicated in the etiology of diseases involving several tissues including the colonic mucosa. This present study aimed at investigating the effects of oral cadmium exposures on healing of acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats. Methods and Findings: Male Wistar rats (100-120 g) were grouped and exposed to cadmium as follows: Control (water), Cd25 (25 ppm CdCl2), Cd50 (50 ppm CdCl2), Cd100 (100 ppm CdCl2) for four weeks. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2 ml 4% acetic acid. Rats were sacrificed and colons were resected on days 0, 3, 7 and 14 of colitis induction. Weekly body weight, diarrheal and macroscopic scores, organ weights, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and regeneration in colonic tissues were studied microscopically. Cadmium significantly (p<0.05) decreased weight gain (%) at weeks 3 and 4 in Cd100 group, significantly (p<0.05) increased stool consistency scores on day 5 in Cd100 group, increased colon macroscopic scores in Cd100 group on days 3 and 7, significantly (p<0.05) increased neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio on days 0 and 7 in Cd50 and Cd100, and colonic MDA concentrations in each of Cd25, Cd50 and Cd100 from day 3 till day 14. Colon histopathology persisted till day 14 in Cd100 group. Conclusions: These data indicate that cadmium delayed healing of acetic acid induced colitis and inflammatory pathways may be implicated.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74917855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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