Pub Date : 2020-10-09DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2168
A. D. Pagui, A. Foudjet, J. S. T. Mabekou, T. Ekoume, P. K. Talla
The objective of this work is to present a methodology for analyzing the behavior in bending of the structure of sandwich beams base on the second order of asymptotic method. This work is in continuation with the work of Talla [1]. This work includes the knowledge of all the physical elastic constant of the sandwich beams. This result confirms the fact that the second order of asymptotic method doesn’t bring a significative change in the behavior of the solution until a certain point. The curves have been obtained by the software named python. This result was predictable because the asymptotic methods deal with small variation due to the presence of the epsilon parameter, which is very small.
{"title":"The Contribution to the Development of a Two-Dimensional Asymptotic Theory of the Three-Point Bending Behaviour of Multi-Layered Beams: Applications to Orthotropic Phase Sandwich Beams","authors":"A. D. Pagui, A. Foudjet, J. S. T. Mabekou, T. Ekoume, P. K. Talla","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2168","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to present a methodology for analyzing the behavior in bending of the structure of sandwich beams base on the second order of asymptotic method. This work is in continuation with the work of Talla [1]. This work includes the knowledge of all the physical elastic constant of the sandwich beams. This result confirms the fact that the second order of asymptotic method doesn’t bring a significative change in the behavior of the solution until a certain point. The curves have been obtained by the software named python. This result was predictable because the asymptotic methods deal with small variation due to the presence of the epsilon parameter, which is very small.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"1191-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78423751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-09DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2174
Francis Irungu Maina, Nahashon O. Osinde, Japheth Ka’pesha Odira, P. Wanjiru, M. Mwangi
Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) is stimuli-responsive material with the ability to recover the original shape from a deformation upon triggering by an appropriate stimulus like heat, light, and electricity. The shape recovery properties can be harnessed through 4D printing of self-recoverable functional structures and made usable in fields like medicine and robotics. To investigate the recovery properties, best printing parameters and optimal sizes, 4D reconfigurable gripper designed in CAD was printed in Ultimaker 2 Printer. Different stencils were made in varying printing parameters of temperature, infill, speed and time. Analysis for the stencils proved best print quality at a temperature of 195 °C and nozzle retract speed of 40mm/s. Shape recovery characterization was done on MATLAB. A printing temperature of 203 °C, infill density of 38% and printing speed of 40 mm/s gave the gripper with the best print quality. Characterization of the varying performances of the four grippers was attributed to the different infill percentages. The lower the infill, the higher the recovery rate due to the low stiffness of the gripper. The best recovery rate of 96.93% was associated with an optimal printing temperature of 203 °C.
{"title":"4D Printing and Characterization of Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) Based Smart Gripper","authors":"Francis Irungu Maina, Nahashon O. Osinde, Japheth Ka’pesha Odira, P. Wanjiru, M. Mwangi","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2174","url":null,"abstract":"Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) is stimuli-responsive material with the ability to recover the original shape from a deformation upon triggering by an appropriate stimulus like heat, light, and electricity. The shape recovery properties can be harnessed through 4D printing of self-recoverable functional structures and made usable in fields like medicine and robotics. To investigate the recovery properties, best printing parameters and optimal sizes, 4D reconfigurable gripper designed in CAD was printed in Ultimaker 2 Printer. Different stencils were made in varying printing parameters of temperature, infill, speed and time. Analysis for the stencils proved best print quality at a temperature of 195 °C and nozzle retract speed of 40mm/s. Shape recovery characterization was done on MATLAB. A printing temperature of 203 °C, infill density of 38% and printing speed of 40 mm/s gave the gripper with the best print quality. Characterization of the varying performances of the four grippers was attributed to the different infill percentages. The lower the infill, the higher the recovery rate due to the low stiffness of the gripper. The best recovery rate of 96.93% was associated with an optimal printing temperature of 203 °C.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83141631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-09DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2176
M. Hossain, Muhammed Hasnain Kabir Nayeem, Abu Taher Ali
In this investigation experiment was carried out in 80 mm diameter swirling pipe jet, where swirl was generated by attaching wedge-shaped helixes in the pipe. All measurements were taken at Re 5.3e4. In the plain pipe jet the potential core was found to exist up to x/D=5 but in the swirling jet there was no existence of potential core. The mean velocity profiles were found to be influenced by the presence of wedge-shaped helixes in the pipe. The velocity profiles indicated the presence of sinusoidal flow field in the radial direction existed only in the near field of the jet. This flow field died out after x/D=3 and the existence of jet flow diminished after x/D=5.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Mean Flow Characteristics in the Near Field of Wedge-Shaped Swirling Jets","authors":"M. Hossain, Muhammed Hasnain Kabir Nayeem, Abu Taher Ali","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2176","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation experiment was carried out in 80 mm diameter swirling pipe jet, where swirl was generated by attaching wedge-shaped helixes in the pipe. All measurements were taken at Re 5.3e4. In the plain pipe jet the potential core was found to exist up to x/D=5 but in the swirling jet there was no existence of potential core. The mean velocity profiles were found to be influenced by the presence of wedge-shaped helixes in the pipe. The velocity profiles indicated the presence of sinusoidal flow field in the radial direction existed only in the near field of the jet. This flow field died out after x/D=3 and the existence of jet flow diminished after x/D=5.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91497795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.1832
W. Akinfiresoye, A. Akintade, S. Fasoyin
The traditional method of using hands to depulp African Locust Bean (ALB) inside a flowing river led to the conception and development of a simple operated 3 kg capacity ALB depulping machine at the Farm Power and Machinery Workshop of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The depulping machine has the hopper, the depulping unit which has the shaft carrying paddles to beat off the seed from the pulp, the frame, the water reservoir to aid the process and 2.2 kW power unit. ALB of moisture contents 60%, 71% and 78% were depulp at machine speed of 173 rpm. The time taken for each operation to be completed was taken. It was discovered that the machine performance in terms of efficiency and throughput increases as the moisture content of the ALB increases while the specific mechanical energy decreases as the moisture content increases. At moisture content of 78%, the efficiency of the depulping machine was 83%, the throughput was about 236 kg/h and the specific mechanical energy was 122.32 KG/KJ. The cost of the machine was Seventy Eight Thousand Naira (NGN 78,000:00). It is recommended for small and medium ALB farmers.
{"title":"Development of African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Depulping Machine","authors":"W. Akinfiresoye, A. Akintade, S. Fasoyin","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.1832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.1832","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional method of using hands to depulp African Locust Bean (ALB) inside a flowing river led to the conception and development of a simple operated 3 kg capacity ALB depulping machine at the Farm Power and Machinery Workshop of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The depulping machine has the hopper, the depulping unit which has the shaft carrying paddles to beat off the seed from the pulp, the frame, the water reservoir to aid the process and 2.2 kW power unit. ALB of moisture contents 60%, 71% and 78% were depulp at machine speed of 173 rpm. The time taken for each operation to be completed was taken. It was discovered that the machine performance in terms of efficiency and throughput increases as the moisture content of the ALB increases while the specific mechanical energy decreases as the moisture content increases. At moisture content of 78%, the efficiency of the depulping machine was 83%, the throughput was about 236 kg/h and the specific mechanical energy was 122.32 KG/KJ. The cost of the machine was Seventy Eight Thousand Naira (NGN 78,000:00). It is recommended for small and medium ALB farmers.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85812074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2128
S. Istiaque, Asif Iqbal Khan, S. Waheed
In the present world, digital intruders can exploit the vulnerabilities of a network and are capable to collapse even a country. Attack in Estonia by digital intruders, attack in Iran's nuclear plant and intrusion of spyware in smart phone depicts the efficiency of attackers. Furthermore, centralized firewall system is not enough for ensuring a secured network. Hence, in the age of big data, where availability of data is huge and computation capability of PC is also high, there machine learning and network security have become two inseparable issues. In this thesis, KDD Cup’99 intrusion detection dataset is used. Total 3, 11,030 numbers of records with 41 features are available in the dataset. For finding the anomalies of the network four machine learning methods are used like Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Random Forest, Naive Bayes and Multi-Layer Perception. Initially all 41 features are used to find out the accuracy. Among all the methods, Random Forest provides 98.547% accuracy in intrusion detection which is maximum, and CART shows maximum accuracy (99.086%) to find normal flow of data. Gradually selective 15 features were taken to test the accuracy and it was found that Random Forest is still efficient (accuracy 98.266%) in detecting the fault of the network. In both cases MLP found to be a stable method where accuracy regarding benign data and intrusion are always close to 95% (93.387%, 94.312% and 95.0075, 93.652% respectively). Finally, an IDS model is proposed where Random Forest of ML method and MLP of DL method is incorporated, to handle the intrusion in a most efficient manner.
在当今世界，数字入侵者可以利用网络的漏洞，甚至有能力摧毁一个国家。数字入侵者对爱沙尼亚的攻击，对伊朗核电站的攻击，以及对智能手机间谍软件的入侵，都说明了攻击者的效率。此外，集中式防火墙系统不足以保证网络的安全。因此，在大数据时代，数据的可用性巨大，PC的计算能力也很高，机器学习和网络安全已经成为两个不可分割的问题。本文使用KDD Cup ' 99入侵检测数据集。数据集中共有311030条记录，41个特征。为了发现网络的异常，使用了分类与回归树(CART)、随机森林、朴素贝叶斯和多层感知等四种机器学习方法。最初使用所有41个特征来确定准确性。其中Random Forest在入侵检测方面的准确率最高，达到98.547%;CART在发现正常数据流方面的准确率最高，达到99.086%。逐步选择15个特征进行准确率测试，发现Random Forest在检测网络故障方面仍然是高效的(准确率为98.266%)。在这两种情况下，MLP都是一种稳定的方法，对于良性数据和入侵的准确率都接近95%(分别为93.387%、94.312%和95.0075、93.652%)。最后，提出了一种结合ML方法的随机森林和DL方法的MLP的入侵检测模型，以最有效地处理入侵。
{"title":"Smart Intrusion Detection System Comprised of Machine Learning and Deep Learning","authors":"S. Istiaque, Asif Iqbal Khan, S. Waheed","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2128","url":null,"abstract":"In the present world, digital intruders can exploit the vulnerabilities of a network and are capable to collapse even a country. Attack in Estonia by digital intruders, attack in Iran's nuclear plant and intrusion of spyware in smart phone depicts the efficiency of attackers. Furthermore, centralized firewall system is not enough for ensuring a secured network. Hence, in the age of big data, where availability of data is huge and computation capability of PC is also high, there machine learning and network security have become two inseparable issues. \u0000In this thesis, KDD Cup’99 intrusion detection dataset is used. Total 3, 11,030 numbers of records with 41 features are available in the dataset. For finding the anomalies of the network four machine learning methods are used like Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Random Forest, Naive Bayes and Multi-Layer Perception. Initially all 41 features are used to find out the accuracy. Among all the methods, Random Forest provides 98.547% accuracy in intrusion detection which is maximum, and CART shows maximum accuracy (99.086%) to find normal flow of data. Gradually selective 15 features were taken to test the accuracy and it was found that Random Forest is still efficient (accuracy 98.266%) in detecting the fault of the network. In both cases MLP found to be a stable method where accuracy regarding benign data and intrusion are always close to 95% (93.387%, 94.312% and 95.0075, 93.652% respectively). \u0000Finally, an IDS model is proposed where Random Forest of ML method and MLP of DL method is incorporated, to handle the intrusion in a most efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90594967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-08DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2157
U. A. Dodo, E. Ashigwuike, N. Gafai, Emmanuel M. Eronu, Abdullahi Yusuf Sada, Mustapha Alhaji Dodo
The epileptic power supply in Nigeria is enormously impeding universities’ administrative, academic, and research activities. The diesel generators on which most of these institutions rely as alternative power sources during grid failures are not viable solutions as the grid outage is incessant and the duration usually lasts for hours, at times for days. The effects of these are high running costs and increased environmental pollution. If normal activities in the universities are to continue unhindered and to reduce the health risks associated with the fossil-based generators, there is the need to explore other alternatives such as utilizing the environmentally-friendly, free and abundant renewable resources to meet their electricity demands. The present study uses Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) to evaluate two different configurations of a stand-alone diesel generator (DG) system and a hybrid solar photovoltaic(PV)-diesel generator(DG)-battery energy storage (BES) system for sustainable power supply to the Baze University Abuja, Nigeria. The net present cost and levelized cost of energy, operating cost, and carbon dioxide emission of the hybrid PV-DG-BES system are lower by 50%, 30.93%, and 90% respectively when compared to the stand-alone DG system. Therefore, a hybrid solar PV-DG-BES system is a suitable technology to sustainably power the University.
{"title":"Optimization of an Autonomous Hybrid Power System for an Academic Institution","authors":"U. A. Dodo, E. Ashigwuike, N. Gafai, Emmanuel M. Eronu, Abdullahi Yusuf Sada, Mustapha Alhaji Dodo","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2157","url":null,"abstract":"The epileptic power supply in Nigeria is enormously impeding universities’ administrative, academic, and research activities. The diesel generators on which most of these institutions rely as alternative power sources during grid failures are not viable solutions as the grid outage is incessant and the duration usually lasts for hours, at times for days. The effects of these are high running costs and increased environmental pollution. If normal activities in the universities are to continue unhindered and to reduce the health risks associated with the fossil-based generators, there is the need to explore other alternatives such as utilizing the environmentally-friendly, free and abundant renewable resources to meet their electricity demands. The present study uses Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) to evaluate two different configurations of a stand-alone diesel generator (DG) system and a hybrid solar photovoltaic(PV)-diesel generator(DG)-battery energy storage (BES) system for sustainable power supply to the Baze University Abuja, Nigeria. The net present cost and levelized cost of energy, operating cost, and carbon dioxide emission of the hybrid PV-DG-BES system are lower by 50%, 30.93%, and 90% respectively when compared to the stand-alone DG system. Therefore, a hybrid solar PV-DG-BES system is a suitable technology to sustainably power the University.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86357287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2171
Peter I. Aburime, E. Ndububa, David O. Kpue
Guinea corn husk, a post-harvest agricultural waste common in Northern Nigeria is often heaped up constituting environmental nuisance. Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) is an incinerated by-product of it. In this experimental investigation, it was used to replace cement in concrete at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight. The sample cubes were casted and cured for 3, 14, 28 and 56 days before crushing. Before then, the chemical constituents of the GCHA were determined from an X-Ray diffraction analyzer. The oxides found in the ash included SiO2 (85.4%), K2O (4.01%), Fe2O3 (0.64%), CaO (2.04%) and NaO2 (0.98%). SO3 and AI2O3 were not detected. The combined percent of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of 86.04% is above the 70% benchmark for a pozzolana material. Also, SO3 and NaO2 fell below the maximum allowable values of 4% and 1.5% respectively. The fresh concrete had slump values that ranged from 11mm for 0% cement replacement to 3.6mm for 40% replacement. The hard concrete had the highest compressive strength value of 23.67 N/mm2 for plain concrete and 49.3 N/mm2 at 5% GCHA replacement level. All were at 56 days of curing, satisfying quality for heavy load bearing. Beam samples cured for 3, 14, 28 and 56 days were subjected to flexural tests until they developed cracks. The cracks were measured for lengths (CRL) and width (CRW) for different replacement levels and curing days with a crack measuring microscope. The results show that, at 14days curing, there is a trend in the crack values’ reduction for the hardened GCHA concrete. This trend is also marginally seen for the 28 day cured samples, particularly at up to 20% replacement levels. The decrease in crack values were up to 17.2% and 2091% for CRL and CRW respectively. However, there were no significant crack controls with samples of higher replacement levels and those cured for 3 and 56 days. GCHA concrete can therefore be used to for heavy load bearing structures and for crack control at 5 – 20% replacement levels when cured for 14 days and 38 days.
{"title":"The Impact of Guinea Corn Husk Ash as an Admixture for Crack Control in Concrete","authors":"Peter I. Aburime, E. Ndububa, David O. Kpue","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2171","url":null,"abstract":"Guinea corn husk, a post-harvest agricultural waste common in Northern Nigeria is often heaped up constituting environmental nuisance. Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) is an incinerated by-product of it. In this experimental investigation, it was used to replace cement in concrete at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight. The sample cubes were casted and cured for 3, 14, 28 and 56 days before crushing. Before then, the chemical constituents of the GCHA were determined from an X-Ray diffraction analyzer. The oxides found in the ash included SiO2 (85.4%), K2O (4.01%), Fe2O3 (0.64%), CaO (2.04%) and NaO2 (0.98%). SO3 and AI2O3 were not detected. The combined percent of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of 86.04% is above the 70% benchmark for a pozzolana material. Also, SO3 and NaO2 fell below the maximum allowable values of 4% and 1.5% respectively. The fresh concrete had slump values that ranged from 11mm for 0% cement replacement to 3.6mm for 40% replacement. The hard concrete had the highest compressive strength value of 23.67 N/mm2 for plain concrete and 49.3 N/mm2 at 5% GCHA replacement level. All were at 56 days of curing, satisfying quality for heavy load bearing. Beam samples cured for 3, 14, 28 and 56 days were subjected to flexural tests until they developed cracks. The cracks were measured for lengths (CRL) and width (CRW) for different replacement levels and curing days with a crack measuring microscope. The results show that, at 14days curing, there is a trend in the crack values’ reduction for the hardened GCHA concrete. This trend is also marginally seen for the 28 day cured samples, particularly at up to 20% replacement levels. The decrease in crack values were up to 17.2% and 2091% for CRL and CRW respectively. However, there were no significant crack controls with samples of higher replacement levels and those cured for 3 and 56 days. GCHA concrete can therefore be used to for heavy load bearing structures and for crack control at 5 – 20% replacement levels when cured for 14 days and 38 days.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75043291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.1880
Ndjeumi Chrisdel Chancelice, Ze Bilo’o Philémon, Mouthe Anombogo Ghislain Arnaud, N. M. Benoît
The National Petroleum Refinery of Cameroon is a crude oil refining company that generates large quantity of oily sludge. The extraction, identification and quantification of aliphatic hydrocarbons that can be recovered from oily sludge were assessed. The extraction was conducted following an experimental design and the distribution of the aliphatic hydrocarbons of the sludge was realized by using a simple gas chromatographic method. The extraction results showed that all the factors have positive effect on the extraction. It was also found that the highest concentration of 127992 ppm was obtained under experimental conditions of Ratio = 6:1, Temperature = 40°C, Contact time = 90 min.
{"title":"Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Extraction from Oily Sludge using Kerosene","authors":"Ndjeumi Chrisdel Chancelice, Ze Bilo’o Philémon, Mouthe Anombogo Ghislain Arnaud, N. M. Benoît","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.1880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.1880","url":null,"abstract":"The National Petroleum Refinery of Cameroon is a crude oil refining company that generates large quantity of oily sludge. The extraction, identification and quantification of aliphatic hydrocarbons that can be recovered from oily sludge were assessed. The extraction was conducted following an experimental design and the distribution of the aliphatic hydrocarbons of the sludge was realized by using a simple gas chromatographic method. The extraction results showed that all the factors have positive effect on the extraction. It was also found that the highest concentration of 127992 ppm was obtained under experimental conditions of Ratio = 6:1, Temperature = 40°C, Contact time = 90 min.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79429187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-02DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2108
I. Olaniyan
This study presents an estimation of aquifer protective capacity, soil corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk parameters for Kaura area of Kaduna State in northern Nigeria. Electrical resistivity sounding data and borehole pumping test data obtained from 20 locations within the LGA were obtained and used for this study. The geoelectric data exhibited curve types generally consisting of H, HA, KH or K-A-H types from which five-layer lithology were delineated across the entire study area. Well yield varies from 16 – 400 litres/min, pumping rate ranges from 16 to 140 l/min, drawdown varies from 1 – 22m, while specific capacity ranged from 1 – 95 litres/min. The aquifer protective capacity characterization was based on values of longitudinal unit conductance of the overburden, and 35% of the locations showed good protective capacity, while the remaining 65% exhibited moderate protective capacity. From the soil corrosivity evaluation, the upper soil layers were classified as moderately corrosive at one location, four locations were marked as slightly corrosive, while the remaining locations were found to be practically non-corrosive. Based on thicknesses and resistivities of the overburden layers, Dar-Zarrouk parameters were determined. The reflection coefficient ranged from 0.29 to 0.92, resistivity contrast occurred between 0.35 to 25.38, while the coefficient of anisotropy ranged from 0.70 to 3.84 with mean value of 1.57. Values above 1.0 are generally considered high and they occurred more toward the western part of the area than the middle and eastern parts. Both the longitudinal unit conductance map and coefficient of anisotropy map were generated for the area.
{"title":"Estimation of Aquifer Protective Capacity, Soil Corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk Parameters in Kaura Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Olaniyan","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.10.2108","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an estimation of aquifer protective capacity, soil corrosivity and Dar-Zarrouk parameters for Kaura area of Kaduna State in northern Nigeria. Electrical resistivity sounding data and borehole pumping test data obtained from 20 locations within the LGA were obtained and used for this study. The geoelectric data exhibited curve types generally consisting of H, HA, KH or K-A-H types from which five-layer lithology were delineated across the entire study area. Well yield varies from 16 – 400 litres/min, pumping rate ranges from 16 to 140 l/min, drawdown varies from 1 – 22m, while specific capacity ranged from 1 – 95 litres/min. The aquifer protective capacity characterization was based on values of longitudinal unit conductance of the overburden, and 35% of the locations showed good protective capacity, while the remaining 65% exhibited moderate protective capacity. From the soil corrosivity evaluation, the upper soil layers were classified as moderately corrosive at one location, four locations were marked as slightly corrosive, while the remaining locations were found to be practically non-corrosive. Based on thicknesses and resistivities of the overburden layers, Dar-Zarrouk parameters were determined. The reflection coefficient ranged from 0.29 to 0.92, resistivity contrast occurred between 0.35 to 25.38, while the coefficient of anisotropy ranged from 0.70 to 3.84 with mean value of 1.57. Values above 1.0 are generally considered high and they occurred more toward the western part of the area than the middle and eastern parts. Both the longitudinal unit conductance map and coefficient of anisotropy map were generated for the area.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76173502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2154
Emmanuel M. Eronu, Moses Odiagbe
The research work demonstrated the use of adaptative and comparative paradigm to calibrate and validate Hall Effect flowrate sensor’s related performance data. The experimental testbed used for the research work is composed of an IoT based platform integrated into a water pipe network. The use of IoT largely assisted in facilitating a well-coordinated and flexible paradigm for efficient data collections and analysis. Correlated and Associative analysis on data obtained shows a strong significant relationship (R2=89%) between the rate of Pulse count and rate of change in differential volume leading to the derivation of a model that is helpful in determining of volumetric rate and quantity of liquid dispense as function of pulse count generated from a Hall Effect flowrate sensor.
{"title":"Evaluation and Modelling of a Low Budget Hall Effect Based Flow-Rate Sensor using Adaptive Calibration Paradigm","authors":"Emmanuel M. Eronu, Moses Odiagbe","doi":"10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2154","url":null,"abstract":"The research work demonstrated the use of adaptative and comparative paradigm to calibrate and validate Hall Effect flowrate sensor’s related performance data. The experimental testbed used for the research work is composed of an IoT based platform integrated into a water pipe network. The use of IoT largely assisted in facilitating a well-coordinated and flexible paradigm for efficient data collections and analysis. Correlated and Associative analysis on data obtained shows a strong significant relationship (R2=89%) between the rate of Pulse count and rate of change in differential volume leading to the derivation of a model that is helpful in determining of volumetric rate and quantity of liquid dispense as function of pulse count generated from a Hall Effect flowrate sensor.","PeriodicalId":12029,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering Research and Science","volume":"457 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83017354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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