Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1666167
S. Brice, Elissa Phillips, Emma L. Millett, Adam B Hunter, B. Philippa
Abstract Inertial measurement units (IMUs) enable human movements to be captured in the field and are being used increasingly in high performance sport. One key metric that can be derived from IMUs are relative angles of body segments which are important for monitoring form in many sports. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the validity of relative angles derived from IMUs placed on the torso and pelvis; and (b) determine optimal positioning for torso mounted sensors such that the IMU relative angles match closely with gold standard torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angle data derived from an optoelectronic camera system. Seventeen adult participants undertook a variety of motion tasks. Four IMUs were positioned on the torso and one was positioned on the pelvis between the posterior superior iliac spines. Reflective markers were positioned around each IMU and over torso and pelvis landmarks. Results showed that the IMUs are valid with the root mean square errors expressed as a percentage of the angle range (RMSE%) ranging between 1% and 7%. Comparison between the IMU relative angles and the torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angles showed there were moderate to large differences with RMSE% values ranging between 4% and 57%. IMUs are highly accurate at measuring orientation data; however, further work is needed to optimise positioning and modelling approaches so IMU relative angles align more closely with relative angles derived using traditional motion capture methods.
{"title":"Comparing inertial measurement units and marker-based biomechanical models during dynamic rotation of the torso","authors":"S. Brice, Elissa Phillips, Emma L. Millett, Adam B Hunter, B. Philippa","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1666167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1666167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inertial measurement units (IMUs) enable human movements to be captured in the field and are being used increasingly in high performance sport. One key metric that can be derived from IMUs are relative angles of body segments which are important for monitoring form in many sports. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the validity of relative angles derived from IMUs placed on the torso and pelvis; and (b) determine optimal positioning for torso mounted sensors such that the IMU relative angles match closely with gold standard torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angle data derived from an optoelectronic camera system. Seventeen adult participants undertook a variety of motion tasks. Four IMUs were positioned on the torso and one was positioned on the pelvis between the posterior superior iliac spines. Reflective markers were positioned around each IMU and over torso and pelvis landmarks. Results showed that the IMUs are valid with the root mean square errors expressed as a percentage of the angle range (RMSE%) ranging between 1% and 7%. Comparison between the IMU relative angles and the torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angles showed there were moderate to large differences with RMSE% values ranging between 4% and 57%. IMUs are highly accurate at measuring orientation data; however, further work is needed to optimise positioning and modelling approaches so IMU relative angles align more closely with relative angles derived using traditional motion capture methods.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"97 1","pages":"767 - 775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89985781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1662492
Parisa Namazi, M. Zarei, H. Abbasi, F. Hovanloo, N. Rommers, Roland Rössler
Abstract Football is a contact sport with a significant risk of injury. Although proprioception is well studied in rehabilitation, little is known about the association between proprioception and the occurrence of sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to look into the association between ankle and knee proprioception and lower extremity injuries in young football players. Seventy-three football players from the highest U-21 league in Iran volunteered to participate in this study. Before the start of the 2017–2018 competitive season, joint position sense was measured at 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion and at 10° and 15° ankle dorsiflexion, and inversion using the Biodex Isokinetic pro 4 system. The teams’ medical staff recorded football-related lower extremity injuries. We used mixed effects Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, acknowledging the clustered data structure. Twenty-two players (30.1%) suffered one or more lower extremity injuries during the season. None of the proprioception measures examined was significantly associated with the risk of lower extremity injuries. Based on these results of our sample, joint position sense does not seem to be associated with lower extremity injuries in young male football players.
足球是一项身体接触的运动，有很大的受伤风险。虽然本体感觉在康复中得到了很好的研究，但关于本体感觉与运动损伤发生之间的关系却知之甚少。本研究的目的是探讨踝关节和膝关节本体感觉与青少年足球运动员下肢损伤之间的关系。73名来自伊朗最高U-21联赛的足球运动员自愿参加了这项研究。在2017-2018赛季开始之前，使用Biodex Isokinetic pro 4系统测量膝关节30°，60°和90°弯曲以及踝关节10°和15°背屈和倒置时的关节位置感。球队的医务人员记录了与足球有关的下肢损伤。我们使用混合效应Cox回归模型计算95% ci的风险比(hr)，承认聚类数据结构。22名球员(30.1%)在赛季中遭受了一次或多次下肢损伤。没有一项本体感觉测试与下肢损伤风险显著相关。基于我们样本的这些结果，关节位置感似乎与年轻男性足球运动员的下肢损伤无关。
{"title":"Proprioception is not associated with lower extremity injuries in U21 high-level football players","authors":"Parisa Namazi, M. Zarei, H. Abbasi, F. Hovanloo, N. Rommers, Roland Rössler","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1662492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1662492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Football is a contact sport with a significant risk of injury. Although proprioception is well studied in rehabilitation, little is known about the association between proprioception and the occurrence of sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to look into the association between ankle and knee proprioception and lower extremity injuries in young football players. Seventy-three football players from the highest U-21 league in Iran volunteered to participate in this study. Before the start of the 2017–2018 competitive season, joint position sense was measured at 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion and at 10° and 15° ankle dorsiflexion, and inversion using the Biodex Isokinetic pro 4 system. The teams’ medical staff recorded football-related lower extremity injuries. We used mixed effects Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, acknowledging the clustered data structure. Twenty-two players (30.1%) suffered one or more lower extremity injuries during the season. None of the proprioception measures examined was significantly associated with the risk of lower extremity injuries. Based on these results of our sample, joint position sense does not seem to be associated with lower extremity injuries in young male football players.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"839 - 844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81416209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-16DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1663270
A. Batrakoulis, Georgios Loules, K. Georgakouli, P. Tsimeas, D. Draganidis, A. Chatzinikolaou, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Chariklia K. Deli, N. Syrou, Nikolaos Comoutos, Y. Theodorakis, A. Jamurtas, I. Fatouros
Abstract It is unclear how high-intensity, interval-type nontraditional exercise training programmes can be feasible and effective options for inactive obese individuals. This randomized controlled trial investigated the hypothesis that a 10-month high-intensity, interval-type neuromuscular training programme (DoIT) with adjunct portable modalities, performed in a small-group setting, induces improvements in psychological well-being, subjective vitality and exercise behavioural regulations in obese women. Associations between adherence, psychological and physiological indicators were also investigated. Forty-nine previously inactive obese females (36.4 ± 4.4 yrs) were randomly assigned to three groups (control; N = 21, 10-month training; N = 14, or 5-month training plus 5 month-detraining; N = 14). DoIT was a supervised, progressive, and time-efficient (<30 min) programme that used 10–12 functional/neuromotor exercises and prescribed work and rest time intervals (20–40 sec) in a circuit fashion (1–3 rounds) for 10 months. Questionnaires were used to measure psychological distress, subjective vitality, and behavioural regulations in exercise at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. The 10-month training reduced psychological distress (72%, p = 0.001), external regulation (75%, p = 0.011) and increased vitality (53%, p = 0.001), introjected regulation (63%, p = 0.001), intrinsic regulation (33%, p = 0.004), and identified regulation (88%, p = 0.001). A moderate to strong positive relationship was found between adherence rate and identified regulation scores (r = 0.59, p = 0.001) and between VO2peak and identified regulation scores (r = 0.59, p = 0.001). A mild dissociation between exercise intensity and perceived exertion was also observed. Our novel findings suggest that a 10-month implementation of a high-intensity interval neuromuscular training programme promotes positive psychological adaptations provoking exercise behavioural regulation and adherence while inducing weight loss in inactive obese women.
{"title":"High-intensity interval neuromuscular training promotes exercise behavioral regulation, adherence and weight loss in inactive obese women","authors":"A. Batrakoulis, Georgios Loules, K. Georgakouli, P. Tsimeas, D. Draganidis, A. Chatzinikolaou, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Chariklia K. Deli, N. Syrou, Nikolaos Comoutos, Y. Theodorakis, A. Jamurtas, I. Fatouros","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1663270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1663270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is unclear how high-intensity, interval-type nontraditional exercise training programmes can be feasible and effective options for inactive obese individuals. This randomized controlled trial investigated the hypothesis that a 10-month high-intensity, interval-type neuromuscular training programme (DoIT) with adjunct portable modalities, performed in a small-group setting, induces improvements in psychological well-being, subjective vitality and exercise behavioural regulations in obese women. Associations between adherence, psychological and physiological indicators were also investigated. Forty-nine previously inactive obese females (36.4 ± 4.4 yrs) were randomly assigned to three groups (control; N = 21, 10-month training; N = 14, or 5-month training plus 5 month-detraining; N = 14). DoIT was a supervised, progressive, and time-efficient (<30 min) programme that used 10–12 functional/neuromotor exercises and prescribed work and rest time intervals (20–40 sec) in a circuit fashion (1–3 rounds) for 10 months. Questionnaires were used to measure psychological distress, subjective vitality, and behavioural regulations in exercise at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. The 10-month training reduced psychological distress (72%, p = 0.001), external regulation (75%, p = 0.011) and increased vitality (53%, p = 0.001), introjected regulation (63%, p = 0.001), intrinsic regulation (33%, p = 0.004), and identified regulation (88%, p = 0.001). A moderate to strong positive relationship was found between adherence rate and identified regulation scores (r = 0.59, p = 0.001) and between VO2peak and identified regulation scores (r = 0.59, p = 0.001). A mild dissociation between exercise intensity and perceived exertion was also observed. Our novel findings suggest that a 10-month implementation of a high-intensity interval neuromuscular training programme promotes positive psychological adaptations provoking exercise behavioural regulation and adherence while inducing weight loss in inactive obese women.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"783 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75168541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-08DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1659421
Annika Hof zum Berge, M. Kellmann, U. Kallweit, S. Mir, A. Gieselmann, T. Meyer, A. Ferrauti, M. Pfeiffer, S. Kölling
Abstract Current sport-scientific studies mostly neglect the assessment of sleep architecture, although the distribution of different sleep stages is considered an essential component influencing an athlete’s recovery and performance capabilities. A mobile, self-applied tool like the SOMNOwatch plus EEG might serve as an economical and time-friendly alternative to activity-based devices. However, self-application of SOMNOwatch plus EEG has not been validated against conventional polysomnography (PSG) yet. For evaluation purposes, 25 participants (15 female, 10 male; M age = 22.92 ± 2.03 years) slept in a sleep laboratory on two consecutive nights wearing both, conventional PSG and SOMNOwatch plus EEG electrodes. Sleep parameters and sleep stages were compared using paired t-tests and Bland–Altman plots. No significant differences were found between the recordings for Sleep Onset Latency, stages N1 to N3 as well as Rapid Eye Movement stage. Significant differences (Bias [95%-confidence interval]) were present between Total Sleep Time (9.95 min [−29.18, 49.08], d = 0.14), Total Wake Time (−13.12 min [−47.25, 23.85], d = −0.28), Wake after Sleep Onset (−11.70 min [−47.25, 23.85], d = −0.34) and Sleep Efficiency (2.18% [−7.98, 12.34], d = 0.02) with small effect sizes. Overall, SOMNOwatch plus EEG can be considered a valid and practical self-applied method for the examination of sleep. In sport-scientific research, it is a promising tool to assess sleep architecture in athletes; nonetheless, it cannot replace in-lab PSG for all clinical or scientific purposes.
目前的运动科学研究大多忽视了睡眠结构的评估，尽管不同睡眠阶段的分布被认为是影响运动员恢复和表现能力的重要组成部分。像SOMNOwatch + EEG这样的移动、自应用工具可能是一种经济且时间友好的替代基于活动的设备。然而，SOMNOwatch + EEG的自我应用尚未与传统的多导睡眠图(PSG)进行对比验证。为评估目的，25名参与者(15名女性，10名男性;M(年龄= 22.92±2.03岁)连续两晚在睡眠实验室睡眠，同时佩戴常规PSG和SOMNOwatch + EEG电极。采用配对t检验和Bland-Altman图比较睡眠参数和睡眠阶段。睡眠潜伏期、N1 ~ N3阶段和快速眼动阶段的记录无显著差异。总睡眠时间(9.95 min [- 29.18, 49.08]， d = 0.14)、总清醒时间(- 13.12 min [- 47.25, 23.85]， d = - 0.28)、睡眠后清醒时间(- 11.70 min [- 47.25, 23.85]， d = - 0.34)和睡眠效率(2.18% [- 7.98,12.34]，d = 0.02)之间存在显著差异(Bias[95%可信区间])，且效应值较小。综上所述，SOMNOwatch + EEG可以被认为是一种有效和实用的自我应用的睡眠检查方法。在运动科学研究中，它是评估运动员睡眠结构的一个很有前途的工具;尽管如此，它不能取代所有临床或科学目的的实验室PSG。
{"title":"Portable PSG for sleep stage monitoring in sports: Assessment of SOMNOwatch plus EEG","authors":"Annika Hof zum Berge, M. Kellmann, U. Kallweit, S. Mir, A. Gieselmann, T. Meyer, A. Ferrauti, M. Pfeiffer, S. Kölling","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1659421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1659421","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current sport-scientific studies mostly neglect the assessment of sleep architecture, although the distribution of different sleep stages is considered an essential component influencing an athlete’s recovery and performance capabilities. A mobile, self-applied tool like the SOMNOwatch plus EEG might serve as an economical and time-friendly alternative to activity-based devices. However, self-application of SOMNOwatch plus EEG has not been validated against conventional polysomnography (PSG) yet. For evaluation purposes, 25 participants (15 female, 10 male; M age = 22.92 ± 2.03 years) slept in a sleep laboratory on two consecutive nights wearing both, conventional PSG and SOMNOwatch plus EEG electrodes. Sleep parameters and sleep stages were compared using paired t-tests and Bland–Altman plots. No significant differences were found between the recordings for Sleep Onset Latency, stages N1 to N3 as well as Rapid Eye Movement stage. Significant differences (Bias [95%-confidence interval]) were present between Total Sleep Time (9.95 min [−29.18, 49.08], d = 0.14), Total Wake Time (−13.12 min [−47.25, 23.85], d = −0.28), Wake after Sleep Onset (−11.70 min [−47.25, 23.85], d = −0.34) and Sleep Efficiency (2.18% [−7.98, 12.34], d = 0.02) with small effect sizes. Overall, SOMNOwatch plus EEG can be considered a valid and practical self-applied method for the examination of sleep. In sport-scientific research, it is a promising tool to assess sleep architecture in athletes; nonetheless, it cannot replace in-lab PSG for all clinical or scientific purposes.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"713 - 721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72976620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-08DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1660809
Benjamin Pietsch, B. Weisser, R. Hanewinkel, Cindy M. Gray, K. Hunt, S. Wyke, M. Morgenstern
Abstract Numbers of obese and overweight people continue to grow in Germany as they do worldwide. Men are affected more often but do less about it and few weight loss services attract men in particular. To evaluate the effectiveness of a men-only weight loss programme, Football Fans in Training (FFIT), delivered by football clubs in the German Bundesliga, we did a non-randomized trial with a waiting list control group. Participants’ data were collected between January 2017 and July 2018. FFIT is a 12-week, group-based, weight loss programme and was delivered in stadia and facilities of 15 professional German Bundesliga clubs. Inclusion criteria were age 35–65 years, BMI ≥ 28 and waist circumference ≥100 cm. Clubs recruited participants through Social Media, E-Mail and match day advertisement. 477 German male football fans were allocated to the intervention group by order of registration date at their respective clubs. 84 participants on the waiting list were allocated to the control group. Primary outcome was mean difference in weight loss with treatment condition over time as independent variable. We performed a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis. Results were based on Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis with Multiple Imputation. After 12 weeks, the mean weight loss of the intervention group adjusted for club, course and participants’ age was 6.24 kg (95% CI 5.82–6.66) against 0.50 kg (−0.47–1.49) in the comparison group (p < 0.001). The results indicate that Football Fans in Training effectively helped German men to reduce their weight and waist circumference.
在德国，肥胖和超重的人数继续增长，就像在世界各地一样。男性更经常受到影响，但却很少对此采取行动，而且很少有减肥服务特别吸引男性。为了评估由德甲足球俱乐部提供的仅限男性减肥计划“训练中的足球迷”(FFIT)的有效性，我们用等候名单对照组进行了一项非随机试验。参与者的数据是在2017年1月至2018年7月期间收集的。FFIT是一项为期12周、以团体为基础的减肥计划，在15家德甲职业俱乐部的体育场馆和设施中进行。纳入标准为年龄35 ~ 65岁，BMI≥28，腰围≥100 cm。俱乐部通过社交媒体、电子邮件和比赛日广告招募参与者。477名德国男性球迷按照各自俱乐部的注册日期顺序被分配到干预组。等候名单上的84名参与者被分配到对照组。主要结局是体重减轻随治疗情况随时间的平均差异作为自变量。我们进行了多水平混合效应线性回归分析。结果基于意向治疗(ITT)分析和多重Imputation。12周后，干预组在俱乐部、疗程和参与者年龄调整后的平均体重减轻为6.24 kg (95% CI 5.82-6.66)，对照组为0.50 kg (- 0.47-1.49) (p < 0.001)。结果表明，“训练中的球迷”有效地帮助德国男性减轻了体重和腰围。
{"title":"Short term effects of a weight loss and healthy lifestyle programme for overweight and obese men delivered by German football clubs","authors":"Benjamin Pietsch, B. Weisser, R. Hanewinkel, Cindy M. Gray, K. Hunt, S. Wyke, M. Morgenstern","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1660809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1660809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numbers of obese and overweight people continue to grow in Germany as they do worldwide. Men are affected more often but do less about it and few weight loss services attract men in particular. To evaluate the effectiveness of a men-only weight loss programme, Football Fans in Training (FFIT), delivered by football clubs in the German Bundesliga, we did a non-randomized trial with a waiting list control group. Participants’ data were collected between January 2017 and July 2018. FFIT is a 12-week, group-based, weight loss programme and was delivered in stadia and facilities of 15 professional German Bundesliga clubs. Inclusion criteria were age 35–65 years, BMI ≥ 28 and waist circumference ≥100 cm. Clubs recruited participants through Social Media, E-Mail and match day advertisement. 477 German male football fans were allocated to the intervention group by order of registration date at their respective clubs. 84 participants on the waiting list were allocated to the control group. Primary outcome was mean difference in weight loss with treatment condition over time as independent variable. We performed a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis. Results were based on Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis with Multiple Imputation. After 12 weeks, the mean weight loss of the intervention group adjusted for club, course and participants’ age was 6.24 kg (95% CI 5.82–6.66) against 0.50 kg (−0.47–1.49) in the comparison group (p < 0.001). The results indicate that Football Fans in Training effectively helped German men to reduce their weight and waist circumference.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"418 1","pages":"703 - 712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84912245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-08DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1660726
A. Piepmeier, J. Etnier, L. Wideman, Nathaniel T. Berry, Zachary Kincaid, M. Weaver
Abstract Little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of acute exercise on memory or the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on this effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a putative biological mechanism, and while findings from human studies are equivocal, they have neglected to assess how exercise affects individual BDNF isoform (proBDNF, mBDNF) concentrations in serum or the influence of the BDNF val66met SNP on BDNF isoform concentrations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory assessment of the effect of acute exercise intensity on memory performance and BDNF isoform concentrations relative to carrier status of the BDNF val66met SNP met allele and to provide guidance for future, fully-powered trials. Memory and BDNF isoform concentrations were assessed in three exercise groups (light intensity, vigorous intensity, and non-exercise) relative to BDNF met carrier status. Analyses revealed that BDNF isoform concentrations and memory were differentially affected by exercise intensity and BDNF met carrier status. Vigorous intensity exercise increased mBDNF, and BDNF met carriers had lower mBDNF concentration. Light intensity exercise improved memory, and over 24 h, memory was worse for BDNF met carriers. Implications from this work will help direct future mechanistic studies of the exercise-memory relationship.
关于急性运动对记忆有益作用的生物学机制或单核苷酸多态性(snp)对这种作用的影响，我们知之甚少。脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)是一种假定的生物学机制，虽然人类研究的结果是模糊的，但他们忽略了评估运动如何影响血清中单个BDNF亚型(proBDNF, mBDNF)浓度或BDNF val66met SNP对BDNF亚型浓度的影响。因此，本研究的目的是探索性评估急性运动强度对记忆表现和BDNF异构体浓度相对于BDNF val66met SNP met等位基因携带者状态的影响，并为未来的全动力试验提供指导。相对于BDNF载体状态，在三个运动组(轻强度、剧烈强度和非运动)中评估记忆和BDNF异构体浓度。分析显示，运动强度和BDNF载体状态对BDNF异构体浓度和记忆有不同的影响。高强度运动使mBDNF增加，BDNF met携带者mBDNF浓度降低。轻强度运动可改善记忆，且在24小时内，BDNF met携带者的记忆较差。这项工作的意义将有助于指导未来运动-记忆关系的机制研究。
{"title":"A preliminary investigation of acute exercise intensity on memory and BDNF isoform concentrations","authors":"A. Piepmeier, J. Etnier, L. Wideman, Nathaniel T. Berry, Zachary Kincaid, M. Weaver","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1660726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1660726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of acute exercise on memory or the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on this effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a putative biological mechanism, and while findings from human studies are equivocal, they have neglected to assess how exercise affects individual BDNF isoform (proBDNF, mBDNF) concentrations in serum or the influence of the BDNF val66met SNP on BDNF isoform concentrations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory assessment of the effect of acute exercise intensity on memory performance and BDNF isoform concentrations relative to carrier status of the BDNF val66met SNP met allele and to provide guidance for future, fully-powered trials. Memory and BDNF isoform concentrations were assessed in three exercise groups (light intensity, vigorous intensity, and non-exercise) relative to BDNF met carrier status. Analyses revealed that BDNF isoform concentrations and memory were differentially affected by exercise intensity and BDNF met carrier status. Vigorous intensity exercise increased mBDNF, and BDNF met carriers had lower mBDNF concentration. Light intensity exercise improved memory, and over 24 h, memory was worse for BDNF met carriers. Implications from this work will help direct future mechanistic studies of the exercise-memory relationship.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"819 - 830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74738883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1658809
Lilian Ribeiro, A. Costa, H. Louro, P. Sobreiro, Pedro T. Esteves, A. Conceição
Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyse swimmers’ perceptual judgements of a simulated time-to-contact task in freestyle swimming relays. The study sample consisted of 31 national-level swimmers of both genders (n = 18 males, 17.22 ± 1.95 yrs.; n = 13 females, 14.61 ± .76 yrs.). Participants were asked to watch two videos corresponding to the last course of a given swimmer during a competition of 4 × 100 m and 4 × 200 m freestyle events. These videos were presented with temporal occlusion correspondent to predetermined approaching distances (7.5, 5.0, and 2.5 m). Participants were required to simulate a typical position in standby for exiting the block and estimate the time-to-contact of the incoming swimmer by pressing a switch. A Wilcoxon test was performed to determine differences between time-to-contact and real contact time. The results showed that estimation of time-to-contact was generally lower than real contact time at all approaching distances (with occlusion) and for both genders (p < .05), except at a 7.5-m distance in the men’s 4 × 200 m (p = .744; r = .09) and at 5.0 m in both the 4 × 100 m and 4 × 200 m for the female group (p = .279, r = .22 for 4 × 100 m; p = .2453, r = .17 for 4 × 200 m). The larger variation (Δ) between estimation and real contact time was found at a 7.5 m occlusion distance in the female 4 × 100 m (p < .001; r = .82). Swimmers tend to underestimate the time-to-contact of the incoming swimmer, in the context of a simulated relay race. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of perceptual abilities development in swimmers to optimize their technique and effectiveness during relay starts.
{"title":"Estimating time-to-contact with temporal occlusion in relay swimming: a pilot study","authors":"Lilian Ribeiro, A. Costa, H. Louro, P. Sobreiro, Pedro T. Esteves, A. Conceição","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1658809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1658809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyse swimmers’ perceptual judgements of a simulated time-to-contact task in freestyle swimming relays. The study sample consisted of 31 national-level swimmers of both genders (n = 18 males, 17.22 ± 1.95 yrs.; n = 13 females, 14.61 ± .76 yrs.). Participants were asked to watch two videos corresponding to the last course of a given swimmer during a competition of 4 × 100 m and 4 × 200 m freestyle events. These videos were presented with temporal occlusion correspondent to predetermined approaching distances (7.5, 5.0, and 2.5 m). Participants were required to simulate a typical position in standby for exiting the block and estimate the time-to-contact of the incoming swimmer by pressing a switch. A Wilcoxon test was performed to determine differences between time-to-contact and real contact time. The results showed that estimation of time-to-contact was generally lower than real contact time at all approaching distances (with occlusion) and for both genders (p < .05), except at a 7.5-m distance in the men’s 4 × 200 m (p = .744; r = .09) and at 5.0 m in both the 4 × 100 m and 4 × 200 m for the female group (p = .279, r = .22 for 4 × 100 m; p = .2453, r = .17 for 4 × 200 m). The larger variation (Δ) between estimation and real contact time was found at a 7.5 m occlusion distance in the female 4 × 100 m (p < .001; r = .82). Swimmers tend to underestimate the time-to-contact of the incoming swimmer, in the context of a simulated relay race. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of perceptual abilities development in swimmers to optimize their technique and effectiveness during relay starts.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"592 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79748332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-24DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1660410
J. Tee, Y. Coopoo, M. Lambert
Abstract Contemporary theories on players’ intensity distribution in team sports suggest that they regulate their outputs using pacing strategies. There is currently limited information on how movement patterns and pacing strategies of rugby union players in different position groups (forwards and backs) vary when exposed to different bout types (whole game, starter or finisher). Global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer data were collected from 100 professional match participations to determine temporal effects on movement patterns. For forwards, finishers (players who entered the game as substitutes) demonstrated significantly greater high-speed running distance (% difference, ± 90%CI; magnitude-based inference and effect size) (↑ 55, ±17%; very likely large) and acceleration frequency (↑ 78, ±59%; very likely large) than whole game players. For backs, starters (players who started the game and were later substituted) displayed greater high-speed running distance than whole game players (↑ 27, ±21%; ES = likely medium) but this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = .07). Forwards displayed “slow-positive” pacing strategies regardless of bout type, while backs displayed “flat” pacing strategies. Forwards and backs adopt different pacing strategies regardless of bout type, with forwards demonstrating progressively greater performance decrements over the course of the match. These findings reflect differing physical demands, notably contact and running loads, of players in different positions.
{"title":"Pacing characteristics of whole and part-game players in professional rugby union","authors":"J. Tee, Y. Coopoo, M. Lambert","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1660410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1660410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Contemporary theories on players’ intensity distribution in team sports suggest that they regulate their outputs using pacing strategies. There is currently limited information on how movement patterns and pacing strategies of rugby union players in different position groups (forwards and backs) vary when exposed to different bout types (whole game, starter or finisher). Global positioning system (GPS) and accelerometer data were collected from 100 professional match participations to determine temporal effects on movement patterns. For forwards, finishers (players who entered the game as substitutes) demonstrated significantly greater high-speed running distance (% difference, ± 90%CI; magnitude-based inference and effect size) (↑ 55, ±17%; very likely large) and acceleration frequency (↑ 78, ±59%; very likely large) than whole game players. For backs, starters (players who started the game and were later substituted) displayed greater high-speed running distance than whole game players (↑ 27, ±21%; ES = likely medium) but this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = .07). Forwards displayed “slow-positive” pacing strategies regardless of bout type, while backs displayed “flat” pacing strategies. Forwards and backs adopt different pacing strategies regardless of bout type, with forwards demonstrating progressively greater performance decrements over the course of the match. These findings reflect differing physical demands, notably contact and running loads, of players in different positions.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"515 1","pages":"722 - 733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77099936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098
P. Hurst, Lieke Schipof-Godart, A. Szabó, J. Raglin, F. Hettinga, B. Roelands, A. Lane, A. Foad, D. Coleman, Chris Beedie
Abstract The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: (1) nutritional and (2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.
摘要:本综述的目的是确定安慰剂和反安慰剂对运动表现的影响程度。在2019年3月之前发表的文章使用Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct和Scopus进行定位。这些研究考察了安慰剂和反安慰剂对运动表现的客观因变量影响，其中包括对照或基线条件。研究分为两类:(1)营养性和(2)机械性。科恩的效应量是根据涉及1513名参与者的32项研究计算出来的。安慰剂效应(d = 0.36)和反安慰剂效应(d = 0.37)在被营养(d = 0.35)和机械(d = 0.47)经氧辅助剂分开时均被发现有小到中度的安慰剂效应。综合效应量显示，所有研究的效应量均为小到中等(d = 0.38)。结果表明，安慰剂和反安慰剂效应可以对运动表现产生小到中度的影响。
{"title":"The Placebo and Nocebo effect on sports performance: A systematic review","authors":"P. Hurst, Lieke Schipof-Godart, A. Szabó, J. Raglin, F. Hettinga, B. Roelands, A. Lane, A. Foad, D. Coleman, Chris Beedie","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: (1) nutritional and (2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"118 3 1","pages":"279 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86464549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655101
G. Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, S. Longo, F. Esposito, E. Cé
Abstract The current study compared the muscle excitation in free-weight bench press variations and chest press machine. Ten competitive bodybuilders were recruited. The EMG-RMS amplitude of clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major, long head of triceps brachii and anterior and lateral deltoid was recorded while performing horizontal (BP), inclined (45°) (IBP) or declined (−15°) bench press (DBP) and chest press machine (CP). Four non-exhaustive repetitions were performed using 80% of 1-repetition maximum of each exercise. Both concentric and eccentric phases were recorded. During the concentric phase, [d effect size: 2.78/7.80] clavicular head was more excited in IBP and less excited in CP (d: −9.69/−4.39) compared to all other exercises. The sternocostal head was similarly excited in DBP vs. BP and BP vs. CP and more excited (d: 2.42/9.92) compared to IBP. Triceps brachii excitation was overall greater (d: 2.01/6.75) in BP and DBP compared to all other exercises. Anterior deltoid was less excited (d: 3.84/19.77) in DBP compared to all other exercises. Lateral deltoid excitation was greater (d: 0.96/3.10) in BP, IBP and DBP compared to CP. Muscle excitation during the eccentric phase followed a similar pattern, with the exception of the greater (d: 3.89/11.32) excitation in the clavicular head in BP compared to all other exercises. The present outcomes showed that the excitation of the clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major depends on the bench inclination angle. The use of BP variations vs. CP allows overall greater triceps brachii and lateral deltoid excitation, due to the greater instability.
{"title":"Specific prime movers’ excitation during free-weight bench press variations and chest press machine in competitive bodybuilders","authors":"G. Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, S. Longo, F. Esposito, E. Cé","doi":"10.1080/17461391.2019.1655101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1655101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study compared the muscle excitation in free-weight bench press variations and chest press machine. Ten competitive bodybuilders were recruited. The EMG-RMS amplitude of clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major, long head of triceps brachii and anterior and lateral deltoid was recorded while performing horizontal (BP), inclined (45°) (IBP) or declined (−15°) bench press (DBP) and chest press machine (CP). Four non-exhaustive repetitions were performed using 80% of 1-repetition maximum of each exercise. Both concentric and eccentric phases were recorded. During the concentric phase, [d effect size: 2.78/7.80] clavicular head was more excited in IBP and less excited in CP (d: −9.69/−4.39) compared to all other exercises. The sternocostal head was similarly excited in DBP vs. BP and BP vs. CP and more excited (d: 2.42/9.92) compared to IBP. Triceps brachii excitation was overall greater (d: 2.01/6.75) in BP and DBP compared to all other exercises. Anterior deltoid was less excited (d: 3.84/19.77) in DBP compared to all other exercises. Lateral deltoid excitation was greater (d: 0.96/3.10) in BP, IBP and DBP compared to CP. Muscle excitation during the eccentric phase followed a similar pattern, with the exception of the greater (d: 3.89/11.32) excitation in the clavicular head in BP compared to all other exercises. The present outcomes showed that the excitation of the clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major depends on the bench inclination angle. The use of BP variations vs. CP allows overall greater triceps brachii and lateral deltoid excitation, due to the greater instability.","PeriodicalId":12061,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Sport Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"571 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74830588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：