Karna Wijaya, None Remi Ayu Pratika, Asma Nadia, Fitria Rahmawati, Rahadian Zainul, None Won Chun Oh, None Wahyu Dita Saputri
: Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) are a type of electrochemical sensor that have been widely used for sensing and monitoring various analytes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in incorporating nanomaterials into CPEs to improve their performance and sensitivity. Here are some recent trends and applications of modified CPEs based on nanomaterials, which have been shown to have enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of various analytes such as those in food and drug samples. The high surface area and electrical conductivity of CPEs make them ideal for use in electrochemical sensing applications. Nanomaterial-based CPEs have also been widely studied for their high sensitivity and selectivity in sensing various analytes. Nanomaterials such as Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), Single-Walled carbon Nanotube (SWNCT), Graphene, or other naomaterial have excellent electrical conductivity, large surface area, and high mechanical strength, making it an attractive nanomaterial for use in CPEs. A CPEs-based nanomaterial has been used in electrochemical detection, demonstrating improved sensitivity compared to traditional CPEs. In general, the incorporation of nanomaterials into CPEs has opened up new opportunities for the development of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for a wide range of applications including environmental monitoring, drug diagnosis, and food safety.
{"title":"Recent Trends and Application of Nanomaterial Based on Carbon Paste Electrodes: A Short Review","authors":"Karna Wijaya, None Remi Ayu Pratika, Asma Nadia, Fitria Rahmawati, Rahadian Zainul, None Won Chun Oh, None Wahyu Dita Saputri","doi":"10.5109/7151686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151686","url":null,"abstract":": Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) are a type of electrochemical sensor that have been widely used for sensing and monitoring various analytes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in incorporating nanomaterials into CPEs to improve their performance and sensitivity. Here are some recent trends and applications of modified CPEs based on nanomaterials, which have been shown to have enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of various analytes such as those in food and drug samples. The high surface area and electrical conductivity of CPEs make them ideal for use in electrochemical sensing applications. Nanomaterial-based CPEs have also been widely studied for their high sensitivity and selectivity in sensing various analytes. Nanomaterials such as Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), Single-Walled carbon Nanotube (SWNCT), Graphene, or other naomaterial have excellent electrical conductivity, large surface area, and high mechanical strength, making it an attractive nanomaterial for use in CPEs. A CPEs-based nanomaterial has been used in electrochemical detection, demonstrating improved sensitivity compared to traditional CPEs. In general, the incorporation of nanomaterials into CPEs has opened up new opportunities for the development of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for a wide range of applications including environmental monitoring, drug diagnosis, and food safety.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Meiyanto Eko Sulistyo, Rina Ristiana, Sunarto Kaleg, Abdul Hapid, None Sudirja, Aam Muharam, None Alexander Christhanto Budiman, None Abdul Qodir Jaelani, None Amin
{"title":"A Comparison of Hydraulic and Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering Control Systems for Increasing Energy Efficiency","authors":"None Meiyanto Eko Sulistyo, Rina Ristiana, Sunarto Kaleg, Abdul Hapid, None Sudirja, Aam Muharam, None Alexander Christhanto Budiman, None Abdul Qodir Jaelani, None Amin","doi":"10.5109/7151751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151751","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asih Kurniasari, None Abdul Wachid Syamroni, None Moch Arief Albachrony, None Galih Prasetya Dinanta, Danang Yogisworo, None Tisha A.A.Jamaluddin, None Abdul Aziz Basharah, None Cuk Supriyadi Ali Nandar
: The uncertainty parameters driven by diverse user behavior, battery types, and charger instruments of electric mobility (e-mobility) would pose risk challenges to existing grid assets' adequacy and reliability issues. Using the pseudorandom of the Monte Carlo method, this research constructs an estimation framework to generate power intake of public electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) for a typical 20kV|0.4kV distribution grid urban area. This study suggested that those multi-uncertainties potentially threaten daily operations with a significant impact in low voltage grids with voltage magnitude dropping to 0.884 p.u. Nevertheless, recognizing and alerting to the future-changing and performance-preserving electric grid infrastructure should raise awareness as gradual employment is outpacing the national target of the energy transition.
{"title":"A Method Estimating Plug’s Power Usage Pattern for Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations within Multi-Uncertainty Parameters in Indonesia Urban Area","authors":"Asih Kurniasari, None Abdul Wachid Syamroni, None Moch Arief Albachrony, None Galih Prasetya Dinanta, Danang Yogisworo, None Tisha A.A.Jamaluddin, None Abdul Aziz Basharah, None Cuk Supriyadi Ali Nandar","doi":"10.5109/7151744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151744","url":null,"abstract":": The uncertainty parameters driven by diverse user behavior, battery types, and charger instruments of electric mobility (e-mobility) would pose risk challenges to existing grid assets' adequacy and reliability issues. Using the pseudorandom of the Monte Carlo method, this research constructs an estimation framework to generate power intake of public electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) for a typical 20kV|0.4kV distribution grid urban area. This study suggested that those multi-uncertainties potentially threaten daily operations with a significant impact in low voltage grids with voltage magnitude dropping to 0.884 p.u. Nevertheless, recognizing and alerting to the future-changing and performance-preserving electric grid infrastructure should raise awareness as gradual employment is outpacing the national target of the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agus Kismanto, Rizqon Fajar, None Nina K.Supriatna, None Aminuddin, None Fahruddin J.Ermada, Samdi Yarsono, None Riardi P.Dewa, None Lan M.T Nainggolan, Rizal Alamsyah, Adi Surjosatyo
{"title":"Techno-Economic Assessment of a 1,200 Liter Rotary KilnBatch Reactor for the Production of Oil from Plastic Waste","authors":"Agus Kismanto, Rizqon Fajar, None Nina K.Supriatna, None Aminuddin, None Fahruddin J.Ermada, Samdi Yarsono, None Riardi P.Dewa, None Lan M.T Nainggolan, Rizal Alamsyah, Adi Surjosatyo","doi":"10.5109/7151738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The implementation of distributed ledger technologies and Blockchains has recently become high in various domains, from finance to governance. There are multiple Blockchain frameworks and networks for different use cases but still seems to be a gap in how different frameworks, protocols, and ledgers interact with each other. With the increase in the adoption of Blockchains, there is an increasing need for suitable interoperable solutions so that more value can be provided to the end user. This research focuses on analyzing how current Blockchain bridges are built and evaluating common security risks and countermeasures within the scope of interoperability. A threat model is proposed to analyze blockchain interoperability's various components, vulnerabilities, risks, and corresponding mitigation techniques. Common security vulnerabilities like centralization of trust and vulnerable smart contracts and others were identified and classified based on the kind of bridge component along with possible mitigations. Each solution, like Relays, HTLCs, Notary Schemes, and Smart Contracts, is explored. Thus, the study will help developers understand the risks involved by providing insights and pointing out the need for standardization on Blockchain interoperable solutions.
{"title":"Security Challenges in Building Blockchains Bridges and Countermeasures","authors":"None Sai Pranav Krishna, Pushpa Singh","doi":"10.5109/7151703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151703","url":null,"abstract":": The implementation of distributed ledger technologies and Blockchains has recently become high in various domains, from finance to governance. There are multiple Blockchain frameworks and networks for different use cases but still seems to be a gap in how different frameworks, protocols, and ledgers interact with each other. With the increase in the adoption of Blockchains, there is an increasing need for suitable interoperable solutions so that more value can be provided to the end user. This research focuses on analyzing how current Blockchain bridges are built and evaluating common security risks and countermeasures within the scope of interoperability. A threat model is proposed to analyze blockchain interoperability's various components, vulnerabilities, risks, and corresponding mitigation techniques. Common security vulnerabilities like centralization of trust and vulnerable smart contracts and others were identified and classified based on the kind of bridge component along with possible mitigations. Each solution, like Relays, HTLCs, Notary Schemes, and Smart Contracts, is explored. Thus, the study will help developers understand the risks involved by providing insights and pointing out the need for standardization on Blockchain interoperable solutions.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Workers in the stone carving sector are subject to risks from airborne particle inhalation. The research investigated ventilatory functions and analyzed the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among stone carving employees in Rajasthan, India. A total of 121 stone carving workers (83 exposed group and 38 controls) were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. A Contec (SP-10) spirometer was used to assess FVC, FEV1, and the ratio of FEV1/FVC. Respiratory issues appeared more prevalent among stone dust-exposed workers, and smoking habits and resistance to wearing masks were the prime reason for developing respiratory problems among stone carvers.
{"title":"Assessment of Respiratory Health Issues Among Stone Carvers of Rajasthan, India","authors":"Yogesh Mishra, None Ashish Kumar Singh, None Makkhan Lal Meena, None Govind Sharan Dangayach","doi":"10.5109/7151706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151706","url":null,"abstract":": Workers in the stone carving sector are subject to risks from airborne particle inhalation. The research investigated ventilatory functions and analyzed the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among stone carving employees in Rajasthan, India. A total of 121 stone carving workers (83 exposed group and 38 controls) were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. A Contec (SP-10) spirometer was used to assess FVC, FEV1, and the ratio of FEV1/FVC. Respiratory issues appeared more prevalent among stone dust-exposed workers, and smoking habits and resistance to wearing masks were the prime reason for developing respiratory problems among stone carvers.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: As the population of the world is growing rapidly, the demand for energy that is clean and efficient is increasing. Combustion is one of the major ways of energy conversion that produces very high amount of pollutant emission, as such the research arena has been taken over by coming up with combustion processes that are cleaner and efficient by the combustion engineers. Flameless combustion is one of the new techniques discovered by researchers to suppress NOx emission due to the low temperature inside the combustion zone that is well below the dissociation temperature of Nitrogen. Homogenous or proper mixing is another major factor that enhances combustion efficiency. An asymmetric swirling combustor is a unique shaped combustor that was developed by researchers in order to enhance better mixing inside the combustion zone without the need for an external swirler. The review investigated several parameters such as temperature uniformity, fuel flexibility and level of pollutant emission as discussed by researchers and it was found that the asymmetric swirling combustor is very efficient with temperature uniformity of about 0.9, thermal efficiency of 53% and very low NOx and CO of about 2ppm and 24ppm according to researchers. It was recommended that the combustor should be investigated under different flow configurations i.e. forward and reverse flow in order to know the optimum direction of flow for the asymmetric swirling combustor.
{"title":"A Review on the Combustion Characteristics of an Asymmetric Swirling Combustor in Flameless Mode","authors":"None Najib Aminu Ismail, None Mazlan Abdul Wahid, Aminuddin Sa’at, Abubakar Shitu","doi":"10.5109/7151700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151700","url":null,"abstract":": As the population of the world is growing rapidly, the demand for energy that is clean and efficient is increasing. Combustion is one of the major ways of energy conversion that produces very high amount of pollutant emission, as such the research arena has been taken over by coming up with combustion processes that are cleaner and efficient by the combustion engineers. Flameless combustion is one of the new techniques discovered by researchers to suppress NOx emission due to the low temperature inside the combustion zone that is well below the dissociation temperature of Nitrogen. Homogenous or proper mixing is another major factor that enhances combustion efficiency. An asymmetric swirling combustor is a unique shaped combustor that was developed by researchers in order to enhance better mixing inside the combustion zone without the need for an external swirler. The review investigated several parameters such as temperature uniformity, fuel flexibility and level of pollutant emission as discussed by researchers and it was found that the asymmetric swirling combustor is very efficient with temperature uniformity of about 0.9, thermal efficiency of 53% and very low NOx and CO of about 2ppm and 24ppm according to researchers. It was recommended that the combustor should be investigated under different flow configurations i.e. forward and reverse flow in order to know the optimum direction of flow for the asymmetric swirling combustor.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Meiyanto Eko Sulistyo, Sunarto Kaleg, None Damaris Adi Waskitho, Rina Ristiana, Aam Muharam, None Alexander Christantho Budiman, None Sudirja, None Amin, Kristian Ismail
: MOSFETs are used in electronic circuits because they have high switching efficiency. Typically, MOSFETs are wired in parallel for applications that require high power. Theoretically, this circuit can multiply the current capability of parallel MOSFETs. However, even if all the MOSFETs in a parallel circuit have the same serial number and manufacturer, they might not necessarily have the same current characteristics. This could lead to issues with current imbalances, potentially causing harm to the MOSFETs, especially under severe circumstances. This study introduces a new Active Gate Driver (AGD) technique to balance the current in a parallel MOSFET circuit. The current difference can be used to modulate each MOSFET duty cycle. Specifically, the MOSFET with the smallest current capacity is configured as the Master, while the MOSFET following it is designated as the Slave. The interrupt time value for the duty cycle of each Slave MOSFET is influenced by the current differential between the Master and Slave. Consequently, different duty cycles for the Master and Slave MOSFETs can maintain the same current level. Based on the results of experiments conducted on three MOSFETs, it is evident that the AGD approach can effectively balance the current to an optimum level.
{"title":"A New Method of The Active Gate Driver for Current Balancing in The Parallel MOSFET Circuits","authors":"None Meiyanto Eko Sulistyo, Sunarto Kaleg, None Damaris Adi Waskitho, Rina Ristiana, Aam Muharam, None Alexander Christantho Budiman, None Sudirja, None Amin, Kristian Ismail","doi":"10.5109/7151765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151765","url":null,"abstract":": MOSFETs are used in electronic circuits because they have high switching efficiency. Typically, MOSFETs are wired in parallel for applications that require high power. Theoretically, this circuit can multiply the current capability of parallel MOSFETs. However, even if all the MOSFETs in a parallel circuit have the same serial number and manufacturer, they might not necessarily have the same current characteristics. This could lead to issues with current imbalances, potentially causing harm to the MOSFETs, especially under severe circumstances. This study introduces a new Active Gate Driver (AGD) technique to balance the current in a parallel MOSFET circuit. The current difference can be used to modulate each MOSFET duty cycle. Specifically, the MOSFET with the smallest current capacity is configured as the Master, while the MOSFET following it is designated as the Slave. The interrupt time value for the duty cycle of each Slave MOSFET is influenced by the current differential between the Master and Slave. Consequently, different duty cycles for the Master and Slave MOSFETs can maintain the same current level. Based on the results of experiments conducted on three MOSFETs, it is evident that the AGD approach can effectively balance the current to an optimum level.","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luna Ngeljaratan, None Mohamed A. Moustafa, Agung Sumarno, None Agus Mudo Prasetyo, None Dany Perwita Sari, None Maidina
{"title":"Exploratory Study of Drone Data Stabilization with Implications in Vibration-based Structural Health Monitoring","authors":"Luna Ngeljaratan, None Mohamed A. Moustafa, Agung Sumarno, None Agus Mudo Prasetyo, None Dany Perwita Sari, None Maidina","doi":"10.5109/7151727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5109/7151727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12085,"journal":{"name":"Evergreen","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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