Twenty-three female and 2 male subjects, documented to be sensitive to nickel by history and diagnostic patch testing, were pierced with American Iron Steel Institute (AISI) 316L stainless-steel ear piercing post assemblies (The Ear Piercing Manufacturers of Europe, UK), AISI 316L having a specification that includes a nickel content of between 10 and 14%. After piercing, the subjects were examined on days 7, 14, 30 and 42. Seven of the ear piercing post assemblies collected at random from the subjects at the end of the study and 10 unused post assemblies selected at random were analysed for nickel content and release. None of the nickel-sensitive patients showed signs of nickel dermatitis during the study. The nickel content of the ear piercing post assemblies collected from patients was reported as being between 11.5 and 12.9%, and the calculated rate of nickel release was below the detection limit of the method, thus recorded at <0.05 µg/cm2/week. By comparison, the nickel content of the unused post assemblies was reported to be between 9.93 and 10.5%, and the calculated rate of nickel release was between 0.11 and 0.21 (mean: 0.15) µg/cm2/week. These results suggest that the AISI 316L stainless-steel ear piercing post assemblies do not elicit adverse reactions to nickel in previously sensitized subjects.
{"title":"AISI 316L Stainless-Steel Ear Piercing Post Assembly Does Not Cause Dermatitis in Nickel-Sensitive Subjects","authors":"A. Ingber, K. Hershko, L. Horev","doi":"10.1159/000076801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000076801","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-three female and 2 male subjects, documented to be sensitive to nickel by history and diagnostic patch testing, were pierced with American Iron Steel Institute (AISI) 316L stainless-steel ear piercing post assemblies (The Ear Piercing Manufacturers of Europe, UK), AISI 316L having a specification that includes a nickel content of between 10 and 14%. After piercing, the subjects were examined on days 7, 14, 30 and 42. Seven of the ear piercing post assemblies collected at random from the subjects at the end of the study and 10 unused post assemblies selected at random were analysed for nickel content and release. None of the nickel-sensitive patients showed signs of nickel dermatitis during the study. The nickel content of the ear piercing post assemblies collected from patients was reported as being between 11.5 and 12.9%, and the calculated rate of nickel release was below the detection limit of the method, thus recorded at <0.05 µg/cm2/week. By comparison, the nickel content of the unused post assemblies was reported to be between 9.93 and 10.5%, and the calculated rate of nickel release was between 0.11 and 0.21 (mean: 0.15) µg/cm2/week. These results suggest that the AISI 316L stainless-steel ear piercing post assemblies do not elicit adverse reactions to nickel in previously sensitized subjects.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"27 5 1","pages":"195 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82713611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Many different materials are used in the perineal area, making it liable to contact sensitisation. Objective: We report the results of a retrospective study of patients with perineal dermatoses involving the vulva investigated for possible contact allergy. Methods: 240 female patients with dermatoses in the perineal area, specifically including the vulva, were patch tested to our standard series and a special patch test series devised for perineal problems. Results: 79 out of 240 patients (32.9%) demonstrated relevant positive results. These related to medicaments (49 patients), perfumes (22 patients), cosmetics (5 patients), dyes (4 patients) and rubber (4 patients). Conclusions: Perineal dermatoses involving the vulva may require patch testing to identify suspected and unanticipated contact allergy. An extended comprehensive series of patch test allergens will be necessary in these cases.
{"title":"The Role of Patch Testing in Perineal Disorders Affecting Women","authors":"R. Batchelor, H. Young, M. Beck","doi":"10.1159/000076798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000076798","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many different materials are used in the perineal area, making it liable to contact sensitisation. Objective: We report the results of a retrospective study of patients with perineal dermatoses involving the vulva investigated for possible contact allergy. Methods: 240 female patients with dermatoses in the perineal area, specifically including the vulva, were patch tested to our standard series and a special patch test series devised for perineal problems. Results: 79 out of 240 patients (32.9%) demonstrated relevant positive results. These related to medicaments (49 patients), perfumes (22 patients), cosmetics (5 patients), dyes (4 patients) and rubber (4 patients). Conclusions: Perineal dermatoses involving the vulva may require patch testing to identify suspected and unanticipated contact allergy. An extended comprehensive series of patch test allergens will be necessary in these cases.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"43 1","pages":"178 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76291120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vilaplana, J. M. Chimenos, A. Fernández, N. Pereira-Veiga, C. Romaguera
The knowledge of the chemical composition of the most commonly used pigments is necessary for the diagnosis of some cases of contact eczemas caused by tattoos. Several techniques of chemical analysis and characterization were used to study the materials involved in a permanent tattooing process such as pigments, solvents, needles and specially in the metals contained in them. A battery of patch tests is proposed that includes some substances characterized in the analysed pigments.
{"title":"Problems in the Diagnosis of Contact Dermatitis by Tattooing","authors":"J. Vilaplana, J. M. Chimenos, A. Fernández, N. Pereira-Veiga, C. Romaguera","doi":"10.1159/000069883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000069883","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of the chemical composition of the most commonly used pigments is necessary for the diagnosis of some cases of contact eczemas caused by tattoos. Several techniques of chemical analysis and characterization were used to study the materials involved in a permanent tattooing process such as pigments, solvents, needles and specially in the metals contained in them. A battery of patch tests is proposed that includes some substances characterized in the analysed pigments.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"17 1","pages":"307 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88252888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There are few studies with a limited number of subjects examining whether there are population differences in skin barrier function between Asian skin and Caucasian skin. Objectives: To study skin barrier function and integrity in different subpopulations of Asian skin: Chinese, Malay, Indian and Caucasian. Methods: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) were measured at baseline, after tape stripping and during recovery 3 h after stripping. Barrier integrity was assessed by counting the number of tape strippings required to cause an average TEWL of 20 g/m2/h. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in basal, poststripping and 3-hour recovery TEWL and LDPI readings between the 4 ethnic groups. Neither was there any statistically significant difference in recovery rate of TEWL and LDPI reading after tape stripping. There was also no difference in barrier integrity between the ethnic groups. All parameters did not differ when skin type was analyzed. Females had a better skin integrity; however, the barrier repair was similar. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support any real difference in skin barrier function between the 4 ethnic groups and the different skin types. Females seem to have a better integrity than males.
{"title":"Are There Any Differences in Skin Barrier Function, Integrity and Skin Blood Flow between Different Subpopulations of Asians and Caucasians?","authors":"G. Yosipovitch, A. Goon, Y. Chan, C. Goh","doi":"10.1159/000069882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000069882","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are few studies with a limited number of subjects examining whether there are population differences in skin barrier function between Asian skin and Caucasian skin. Objectives: To study skin barrier function and integrity in different subpopulations of Asian skin: Chinese, Malay, Indian and Caucasian. Methods: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) were measured at baseline, after tape stripping and during recovery 3 h after stripping. Barrier integrity was assessed by counting the number of tape strippings required to cause an average TEWL of 20 g/m2/h. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in basal, poststripping and 3-hour recovery TEWL and LDPI readings between the 4 ethnic groups. Neither was there any statistically significant difference in recovery rate of TEWL and LDPI reading after tape stripping. There was also no difference in barrier integrity between the ethnic groups. All parameters did not differ when skin type was analyzed. Females had a better skin integrity; however, the barrier repair was similar. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support any real difference in skin barrier function between the 4 ethnic groups and the different skin types. Females seem to have a better integrity than males.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"42 1","pages":"302 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74218466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. D. Bang, M. H. Shin, J. Chung, K. Cho, Karen Kim, H. Eun, L. Bankova, S. Lindenau, S. Fuchs, J. Tittelbach, T. Fischer, P. Elsner, G. Yosipovitch, A. Goon, Y. Chan, C. Goh, Christine M. Lee, H. Maibach, U. Wollina, M. Heide, Maximilan Swerev, N. Béchetoille, J. Valladeau, F. Geissmann, S. Dumont, S. Maréchal, S. Gofflo, V. André, D. Schmitt, E. Perrier, C. Dezutter‐Dambuyant, T. Gambichler, J. Laperre, P. Altmeyer, K. Hoffmann, J. Vilaplana, J. M. Chimenos, A. I. Fernández, N. Pereira-Veiga, C. Romaguera
{"title":"Contents Vol. 1, 2002","authors":"H. D. Bang, M. H. Shin, J. Chung, K. Cho, Karen Kim, H. Eun, L. Bankova, S. Lindenau, S. Fuchs, J. Tittelbach, T. Fischer, P. Elsner, G. Yosipovitch, A. Goon, Y. Chan, C. Goh, Christine M. Lee, H. Maibach, U. Wollina, M. Heide, Maximilan Swerev, N. Béchetoille, J. Valladeau, F. Geissmann, S. Dumont, S. Maréchal, S. Gofflo, V. André, D. Schmitt, E. Perrier, C. Dezutter‐Dambuyant, T. Gambichler, J. Laperre, P. Altmeyer, K. Hoffmann, J. Vilaplana, J. M. Chimenos, A. I. Fernández, N. Pereira-Veiga, C. Romaguera","doi":"10.1159/000070690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000070690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"427 1","pages":"322 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77505741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Gambichler, J. Laperre, P. Altmeyer, K. Hoffmann
Background: The degree to which a fabric protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays is given as its UV protection factor (UPF) that is predominantly influenced by UVB transmission through the fabric. However, the UVA-blocking properties of a fabric are of significance as UVA plays also a role in photocarcinogenesis, photo-aging and provocation of photosensitive disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to present some overall performance of the protection against UVA radiation compared to the protection against UVB radiation of apparel fabrics. For this purpose, we aimed to study the ratio of the average UVA and UVB transmission and to calculate the critical wavelength (CW) of a large collection of fabric materials. Methods: We studied 196 different fabric materials. The fabrics were spectrophotometrically assessed in accordance with the European standard (part 1). We determined the mean UVB (290–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm) transmission, mean UVB/UVA ratios, maximum UVA transmission and CW based on absorbance and effective dose (ED). Results: We observed that about 90% of the fabrics had UVB/UVA ratios smaller than 1. This indicates that the average UVA transmission was higher than the average UVB transmission. For 20% of the fabrics, the average UVA transmission was at least twice as high as the average UVB transmission. When calculating the CW based on the absorbance for the sample set, we found that the CW of fabric materials is generally higher than 370 nm and is usually close to 380 nm. When the ED was used, a much smaller CW was found compared to the calculations based on absorbance. Conclusions: UVA transmission through fabrics is usually higher than UVB transmission. Despite a high UPF, increased UVA transmission through clothing may be of significance in triggering photosensitive disorders. The UVB/UVA ratio of fabric materials strongly correlates with the CW based on ED. Because frequently a UG-11 fluorescence filter has to be used in UPF assessment, the CW based on the ED is more relevant and less prone to measurement error.
{"title":"UVA and UVB Transmission of Fabrics: Critical Wavelength Based on Absorbance and Effective Dose","authors":"T. Gambichler, J. Laperre, P. Altmeyer, K. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1159/000069880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000069880","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The degree to which a fabric protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays is given as its UV protection factor (UPF) that is predominantly influenced by UVB transmission through the fabric. However, the UVA-blocking properties of a fabric are of significance as UVA plays also a role in photocarcinogenesis, photo-aging and provocation of photosensitive disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to present some overall performance of the protection against UVA radiation compared to the protection against UVB radiation of apparel fabrics. For this purpose, we aimed to study the ratio of the average UVA and UVB transmission and to calculate the critical wavelength (CW) of a large collection of fabric materials. Methods: We studied 196 different fabric materials. The fabrics were spectrophotometrically assessed in accordance with the European standard (part 1). We determined the mean UVB (290–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm) transmission, mean UVB/UVA ratios, maximum UVA transmission and CW based on absorbance and effective dose (ED). Results: We observed that about 90% of the fabrics had UVB/UVA ratios smaller than 1. This indicates that the average UVA transmission was higher than the average UVB transmission. For 20% of the fabrics, the average UVA transmission was at least twice as high as the average UVB transmission. When calculating the CW based on the absorbance for the sample set, we found that the CW of fabric materials is generally higher than 370 nm and is usually close to 380 nm. When the ED was used, a much smaller CW was found compared to the calculations based on absorbance. Conclusions: UVA transmission through fabrics is usually higher than UVB transmission. Despite a high UPF, increased UVA transmission through clothing may be of significance in triggering photosensitive disorders. The UVB/UVA ratio of fabric materials strongly correlates with the CW based on ED. Because frequently a UG-11 fluorescence filter has to be used in UPF assessment, the CW based on the ED is more relevant and less prone to measurement error.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"12 1","pages":"290 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76181331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spacer fabrics are special textiles that offer designed qualities for pressure relief as well as regulation of heat and moisture. Investigations of the physical properties of these textiles demonstrate favourable qualities for their potential use in the medical field. The application of spacer fabrics for the prevention of chronic wounds is just beginning. However, typical fields of application are primary prevention of pressure sores in the operation room, secondary prevention of pressure sores for wheelchair drivers and the prevention of plantar ulcers in patients with the diabetic foot syndrome. Spacer-fabric-based bandages seem to be useful in oedema treatment in cases of chronic venous insufficiency and chronic lymphatic insufficiency.
{"title":"Spacer Fabrics – A Potential Tool in the Prevention of Chronic Wounds","authors":"U. Wollina, M. Heide, Maximilan Swerev","doi":"10.1159/000069878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000069878","url":null,"abstract":"Spacer fabrics are special textiles that offer designed qualities for pressure relief as well as regulation of heat and moisture. Investigations of the physical properties of these textiles demonstrate favourable qualities for their potential use in the medical field. The application of spacer fabrics for the prevention of chronic wounds is just beginning. However, typical fields of application are primary prevention of pressure sores in the operation room, secondary prevention of pressure sores for wheelchair drivers and the prevention of plantar ulcers in patients with the diabetic foot syndrome. Spacer-fabric-based bandages seem to be useful in oedema treatment in cases of chronic venous insufficiency and chronic lymphatic insufficiency.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"276 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82470994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. D. Bang, M. Shin, J. Chung, K. Cho, K. Kim, H. Eun
Background: Reactive oxygen species, which are believed to play an important role in the aging process, are also found to be related to allergic skin diseases. Skin reactions to allergens are known to affect the antioxidant defense system such as antioxidant enzymes. Objectives: This study was conducted in order to investigate changes of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in the lesional skin of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in vivoand the influence of skin aging on the changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Methods: Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) application was used to induce ACD in 10 volunteers under 30 years old and in 10 over 70 years old. Antioxidant enzyme assays were performed in 5 young volunteers and 6 elderly volunteers who showed a weakly positive reaction after DPCP application. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in the lesional skin of ACD and in normal control skin. The differences between the two age-distinct groups were also compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with the control site, the DPCP-affected skin revealed a significantly lower catalase activity in both the young and the old groups. Reductions in cutaneous catalase activity were not different in the young and old skins. In contrast, SOD and GPx did not show any significant difference with respect to the presence of contact dermatitis or age. Conclusion: The catalase activity of human skin with ACD decreased in both young and old skins. These findings suggest that cutaneous catalase may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ACD.
{"title":"Changes of Cutaneous Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Young and Old Individuals","authors":"H. D. Bang, M. Shin, J. Chung, K. Cho, K. Kim, H. Eun","doi":"10.1159/000069881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000069881","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reactive oxygen species, which are believed to play an important role in the aging process, are also found to be related to allergic skin diseases. Skin reactions to allergens are known to affect the antioxidant defense system such as antioxidant enzymes. Objectives: This study was conducted in order to investigate changes of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system in the lesional skin of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in vivoand the influence of skin aging on the changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Methods: Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) application was used to induce ACD in 10 volunteers under 30 years old and in 10 over 70 years old. Antioxidant enzyme assays were performed in 5 young volunteers and 6 elderly volunteers who showed a weakly positive reaction after DPCP application. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in the lesional skin of ACD and in normal control skin. The differences between the two age-distinct groups were also compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with the control site, the DPCP-affected skin revealed a significantly lower catalase activity in both the young and the old groups. Reductions in cutaneous catalase activity were not different in the young and old skins. In contrast, SOD and GPx did not show any significant difference with respect to the presence of contact dermatitis or age. Conclusion: The catalase activity of human skin with ACD decreased in both young and old skins. These findings suggest that cutaneous catalase may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ACD.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"20 1","pages":"296 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79439959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skin hydration depends on the water-holding capacities of the stratum corneum. One of the techniques used to evaluate skin water content is the water sorption-desorption test. This method involves hydrating the skin with water and then observing the subsequent dehydration activity by means of serial recording with electrical instruments. Currently, three instruments are available to perform such a test: the Skicon® 200, the Corneometer® CM820 and the Nova DPM® 9003. However, each device measures the skin hydration in its own unique parameter, making interexperimental comparisons difficult. Despite this shortcoming, the water sorption-desorption test is a useful tool to measure the dynamic hydration of the skin and the stratum corneum water-holding properties. Pathological skin conditions like atopic dermatitis affect corneum integrity and reduce its ability to hold water. Irritants can also damage the cutaneous barrier and result in decreased hydration. On the contrary, delipidization of the newborn skin with organic solvents increases the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum. Since the superficial lipid layer covering the skin surface of the newborn limits the sorption of water, its removal allows more water to be absorbed, resulting in a higher water-holding capacity than before. These results have all been determined using the water sorption-desorption test. While the studies produce significant information on skin hydration kinetics, the data are reported in different units. As such, it is difficult to make comparisons between sets of experiments where different electrical instruments are used. Finding a standard parameter unit for measuring skin hydration will benefit dermatological research greatly and allow the results obtained from one instrument to aid in the interpretation of those from another instrument. The high degrees of correlation that exist among the Skicon 200, Corneometer CM820 and Nova DPM 9003 may be the key to future developments of a standardized parameter unit.
{"title":"Bioengineering Analysis of Water Hydration: An Overview","authors":"Christine M. Lee, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000069877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000069877","url":null,"abstract":"Skin hydration depends on the water-holding capacities of the stratum corneum. One of the techniques used to evaluate skin water content is the water sorption-desorption test. This method involves hydrating the skin with water and then observing the subsequent dehydration activity by means of serial recording with electrical instruments. Currently, three instruments are available to perform such a test: the Skicon® 200, the Corneometer® CM820 and the Nova DPM® 9003. However, each device measures the skin hydration in its own unique parameter, making interexperimental comparisons difficult. Despite this shortcoming, the water sorption-desorption test is a useful tool to measure the dynamic hydration of the skin and the stratum corneum water-holding properties. Pathological skin conditions like atopic dermatitis affect corneum integrity and reduce its ability to hold water. Irritants can also damage the cutaneous barrier and result in decreased hydration. On the contrary, delipidization of the newborn skin with organic solvents increases the water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum. Since the superficial lipid layer covering the skin surface of the newborn limits the sorption of water, its removal allows more water to be absorbed, resulting in a higher water-holding capacity than before. These results have all been determined using the water sorption-desorption test. While the studies produce significant information on skin hydration kinetics, the data are reported in different units. As such, it is difficult to make comparisons between sets of experiments where different electrical instruments are used. Finding a standard parameter unit for measuring skin hydration will benefit dermatological research greatly and allow the results obtained from one instrument to aid in the interpretation of those from another instrument. The high degrees of correlation that exist among the Skicon 200, Corneometer CM820 and Nova DPM 9003 may be the key to future developments of a standardized parameter unit.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"18 1","pages":"269 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80542052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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