Anti-irritants, whether naturally occurring or man-made, are substances that provide a soothing effect to irritated skin and reduce damage by a variety of mechanisms, including reduced absorption and/or biochemical manipulation of noxious chemicals. These products show promise in reducing irritation caused by acute and chronic exposure to known irritant chemicals; however, the data on anti-irritants are incomplete. Controlled trials of the efficacy of proposed anti-irritants substances in reducing irritant contact dermatitis in human and animal models are reviewed. Based on our literature and hand search, anti-irritants seem promising in treating and preventing a variety of irritant contact dermatitis conditions, but their true effects remain sub judice. Many studies do not allow deduction of clinical effects. Further experimentation must be performed to assess sensitivity and specificity of each anti-irritant to their specific irritant-inducing substance.
{"title":"Anti-Irritants: Myth or Reality? An Overview","authors":"C. Ford, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000090352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000090352","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-irritants, whether naturally occurring or man-made, are substances that provide a soothing effect to irritated skin and reduce damage by a variety of mechanisms, including reduced absorption and/or biochemical manipulation of noxious chemicals. These products show promise in reducing irritation caused by acute and chronic exposure to known irritant chemicals; however, the data on anti-irritants are incomplete. Controlled trials of the efficacy of proposed anti-irritants substances in reducing irritant contact dermatitis in human and animal models are reviewed. Based on our literature and hand search, anti-irritants seem promising in treating and preventing a variety of irritant contact dermatitis conditions, but their true effects remain sub judice. Many studies do not allow deduction of clinical effects. Further experimentation must be performed to assess sensitivity and specificity of each anti-irritant to their specific irritant-inducing substance.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79168780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by variable clinical features. Several factors may exacerbate its manifestations, or even trigger the disease, such as traumatic injury to the skin, physical and psychological stress, cold weather, excessive alcohol intake, and drugs such as lithium and beta-blockers. We describe the most common features of psoriasis and the exogenous factors that may induce, trigger or exacerbate the disease.
{"title":"Exogenous Factors and Psoriasis","authors":"E. Dika, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000091900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000091900","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by variable clinical features. Several factors may exacerbate its manifestations, or even trigger the disease, such as traumatic injury to the skin, physical and psychological stress, cold weather, excessive alcohol intake, and drugs such as lithium and beta-blockers. We describe the most common features of psoriasis and the exogenous factors that may induce, trigger or exacerbate the disease.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78104122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Alcohol intake and smoking have been reported to be risk factors in some inflammatory skin disorders. There is a dearth of published data on the relation between smoking/alcohol intake and oral lichen planus. Moreover, the reports on the relationship of these habits with cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate smoking and alcohol as potential risk factors in CLP. Methods: We examined smoking habits and alcohol consumption in 55 patients with CLP, and compared the results with control subjects who had superficial fungal infections, matched for age and sex. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to the rate of patients that had ever smoked (combining both current and past smokers) and the rate of the patients who had never smoked (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found between CLP patients and controls with respect to current smokers and subjects who never smoked (p > 0.05). The most notable finding was that the rate of subjects who quitted smoking was significantly higher among CLP patients compared to controls (23.6 vs. 5.5%, p < 0.05). Regarding alcohol consumption, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that alcohol intake and smoking do not appear to be risk factors for CLP. The increased incidence of ex-smokers in patients with CLP was an unexpected and interesting finding. Further epidemiological studies and investigations are warranted to clear up this observation.
背景:据报道，饮酒和吸烟是一些炎症性皮肤病的危险因素。关于吸烟/饮酒与口腔扁平苔藓之间的关系，目前缺乏已发表的数据。此外，关于这些习惯与皮肤扁平苔藓(CLP)之间关系的报道还很缺乏。目的:本研究的目的是探讨吸烟和酒精作为CLP的潜在危险因素。方法:我们检查了55例CLP患者的吸烟习惯和饮酒情况，并将结果与年龄和性别相匹配的有浅表真菌感染的对照组进行了比较。结果:两组患者曾经吸烟的比例(包括现在和过去吸烟的比例)和从未吸烟的比例比较，差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。CLP患者与对照组相比，目前吸烟者和从不吸烟的受试者之间无显著差异(p > 0.05)。最显著的发现是CLP患者的戒烟率明显高于对照组(23.6 vs 5.5%， p < 0.05)。饮酒量方面，各组间差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。结论:我们得出结论，饮酒和吸烟似乎不是CLP的危险因素。CLP患者中戒烟者的发病率增加是一个意想不到且有趣的发现。需要进一步的流行病学研究和调查来澄清这一观察结果。
{"title":"Smoking Habits and Alcohol Consumption in Patients with Cutaneous Lichen planus","authors":"A. Mansur, Z. Kılıç","doi":"10.1159/000087463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000087463","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcohol intake and smoking have been reported to be risk factors in some inflammatory skin disorders. There is a dearth of published data on the relation between smoking/alcohol intake and oral lichen planus. Moreover, the reports on the relationship of these habits with cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate smoking and alcohol as potential risk factors in CLP. Methods: We examined smoking habits and alcohol consumption in 55 patients with CLP, and compared the results with control subjects who had superficial fungal infections, matched for age and sex. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to the rate of patients that had ever smoked (combining both current and past smokers) and the rate of the patients who had never smoked (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found between CLP patients and controls with respect to current smokers and subjects who never smoked (p > 0.05). The most notable finding was that the rate of subjects who quitted smoking was significantly higher among CLP patients compared to controls (23.6 vs. 5.5%, p < 0.05). Regarding alcohol consumption, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that alcohol intake and smoking do not appear to be risk factors for CLP. The increased incidence of ex-smokers in patients with CLP was an unexpected and interesting finding. Further epidemiological studies and investigations are warranted to clear up this observation.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89037740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a 4-step procedure which dermatologists working with textile dye patch-test-positive patients should use to assist those patients in identifying the textile items which are most likely to contain the dye to which they are allergic. Patients can use the information presented to determine which items they are considering for purchase to be the least likely to cause a recurrence of their dermatitis.
{"title":"Identifying the Source of Textile Dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis – A Guideline","authors":"K. Hatch, H. Motschi, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000078691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078691","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a 4-step procedure which dermatologists working with textile dye patch-test-positive patients should use to assist those patients in identifying the textile items which are most likely to contain the dye to which they are allergic. Patients can use the information presented to determine which items they are considering for purchase to be the least likely to cause a recurrence of their dermatitis.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89484880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability of topically applied dosage forms to penetrate the skin depends on the interactions of the formulation ingredients with the intrinsic components of the skin. These interactions define the penetration route as well as the distribution of the drug in the skin tissue. The present study focused on monitoring components of externally applied formulations through the skin (ex vivo) via mid-infrared microspectroscopic techniques. Infrared microspectroscopy represents a new bioanalytical method, combining the powerfulness of chemical component analysis by means of infrared spectroscopy and using the high lateral resolution (∼20 µm) as obtained from microscopy. Two methods are applied for analysing tissues: the mapping and the imaging approach. A major breakthrough using infrared microspectroscopy in tissue diagnostics was the development and implementation of so-called focal plane array detectors. Using these detectors, sample areas of about 0.25–16 mm2 can be analyzed. The highest lateral resolution obtained by the transmission techniques approaches the mid-infrared diffraction limit of approximately 6 µm. Using mid-infrared microspectroscopic imaging, a large amount of biochemical information, at high lateral resolution, is generated, not yet available by other methods. Additional advantages are: it is a non-invasive, non-destructive approach, requiring no complex and time-consuming tissue staining procedures. In the present study, mid-infrared microspectroscopic mapping and imaging techniques in transmission are used for the biochemical characterisation of skin samples (e.g. lipid/protein distribution). This information provides new insight into the morphology of the tissue constitution. Additionally, examples are presented concerning the analysis of the distribution of topically applied drugs (e.g. UV B blocker or liposomes) through the skin. The potential as well as the limits of the methods for dermatological research are discussed.
{"title":"Monitoring the Penetration and Distribution of Topically Applied Formulations through the Skin in Relation to the Skin Protein/Lipid Morphological Characteristics","authors":"P. Garidel","doi":"10.1159/000088011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000088011","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of topically applied dosage forms to penetrate the skin depends on the interactions of the formulation ingredients with the intrinsic components of the skin. These interactions define the penetration route as well as the distribution of the drug in the skin tissue. The present study focused on monitoring components of externally applied formulations through the skin (ex vivo) via mid-infrared microspectroscopic techniques. Infrared microspectroscopy represents a new bioanalytical method, combining the powerfulness of chemical component analysis by means of infrared spectroscopy and using the high lateral resolution (∼20 µm) as obtained from microscopy. Two methods are applied for analysing tissues: the mapping and the imaging approach. A major breakthrough using infrared microspectroscopy in tissue diagnostics was the development and implementation of so-called focal plane array detectors. Using these detectors, sample areas of about 0.25–16 mm2 can be analyzed. The highest lateral resolution obtained by the transmission techniques approaches the mid-infrared diffraction limit of approximately 6 µm. Using mid-infrared microspectroscopic imaging, a large amount of biochemical information, at high lateral resolution, is generated, not yet available by other methods. Additional advantages are: it is a non-invasive, non-destructive approach, requiring no complex and time-consuming tissue staining procedures. In the present study, mid-infrared microspectroscopic mapping and imaging techniques in transmission are used for the biochemical characterisation of skin samples (e.g. lipid/protein distribution). This information provides new insight into the morphology of the tissue constitution. Additionally, examples are presented concerning the analysis of the distribution of topically applied drugs (e.g. UV B blocker or liposomes) through the skin. The potential as well as the limits of the methods for dermatological research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77645199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fragrance material anisyl alcohol has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that anisyl alcohol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. However, it remains to be seen how often such an allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to anisyl alcohol.
{"title":"Is There Evidence that Anisyl Alcohol Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?","authors":"J. Hostynek,, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000078689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078689","url":null,"abstract":"The fragrance material anisyl alcohol has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that anisyl alcohol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. However, it remains to be seen how often such an allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to anisyl alcohol.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74632738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a superficial cutaneous infection caused by different species of bacteria. It is characterized by discrete crateriform and malodorous pits and erosions coalescing to form bizarre figures on the soles. Objective: To investigate the process of corneocyte shedding in PK. Method: Biopsies from typical lesions of 3 patients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Microorganisms were found both inter- and intracellularly in corneocytes and keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. Bacteria exhibited different morphologic aspects related to their localization in the epidermis. Keratohyalin granules were strikingly abnormal, showing sharp segregation between rounded dense areas and more electron-translucent areas. Some keratohyalin granules exhibited only alveolar dense areas. These altered keratohyalin granules were still present inside corneocytes. The corneodesmosomes at the bottom of the pits were in part cleaved leading to partial corneocyte dissociation. Conclusion: It is suggested that proteases secreted by the bacteria alter the structure of both the corneodesmosomes and the keratohyalin granules. The latter appeared more resistant to the normal processing of profilaggrin inside the corneocytes.
{"title":"Pitted Keratolysis: New Ultrastructural Insight in Keratohyalin Granule and Corneodesmosome Alterations","authors":"T. Hermanns‐Lê, Roy García, J. Arrese, G. Piérard","doi":"10.1159/000086942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000086942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a superficial cutaneous infection caused by different species of bacteria. It is characterized by discrete crateriform and malodorous pits and erosions coalescing to form bizarre figures on the soles. Objective: To investigate the process of corneocyte shedding in PK. Method: Biopsies from typical lesions of 3 patients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Microorganisms were found both inter- and intracellularly in corneocytes and keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. Bacteria exhibited different morphologic aspects related to their localization in the epidermis. Keratohyalin granules were strikingly abnormal, showing sharp segregation between rounded dense areas and more electron-translucent areas. Some keratohyalin granules exhibited only alveolar dense areas. These altered keratohyalin granules were still present inside corneocytes. The corneodesmosomes at the bottom of the pits were in part cleaved leading to partial corneocyte dissociation. Conclusion: It is suggested that proteases secreted by the bacteria alter the structure of both the corneodesmosomes and the keratohyalin granules. The latter appeared more resistant to the normal processing of profilaggrin inside the corneocytes.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayato Matsuki, K. Kiyokane, T. Matsuki, Sayuri Sato, G. Imokawa
Background: The etiology of the nonlesional dry and barrier-disrupted skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is still unclear. Objective: To determine whether disrupted barrier function in the nonlesional skin is associated with inflammatory or postinflammatory events, which are relevant to the severity of AD or local dry skin properties, respectively. Methods: We evaluated the barrier function and the water content of nonlesional forearm skin and compared these with the severity of AD and the intensity of dryness/scaling/itchiness at the same skin sites. Results: The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) significantly increased in proportion to the severity of AD with a markedly high correlation coefficient (r = 0.834, p < 0.0001, n = 106), while the capacitance decreased in proportion to the severity of AD with a relatively lower correlation coefficient (r = –0.720, p < 0.0001, n = 106) compared with TEWL. Relationship between TEWL and capacitance values in association with the AD severity revealed that the two parameters are well distributed, corresponding to the severity of AD, and that the elevated TEWL more adequately reflects the difference between healthy control and the mild group of AD compared with the reduced capacitance. Comparison with dry skin properties revealed that while the capacitance values were highly correlated with dryness (r = –0.752, p < 0.0001, n = 106) and with scaling (r = –0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106), the TEWL was also related to dryness (r = 0.788, p < 0.0001, n = 106) with a higher correlation coefficient compared with capacitance and to scaling (r = 0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the barrier disruption in the nonlesional skin is well suited to reflect the severity of AD as well as the dry skin properties, providing a useful insight into understandings of diagnosis and clinical improvement during therapy.
背景:特应性皮炎(AD)患者非病变性皮肤干燥和屏障破坏的病因尚不清楚。目的:确定非病变皮肤屏障功能的破坏是否与炎症或炎症后事件有关，这分别与AD的严重程度或局部皮肤干燥特性有关。方法:我们评估了非病变前臂皮肤的屏障功能和含水量，并将其与AD的严重程度以及相同皮肤部位的干燥/结垢/瘙痒程度进行了比较。结果:经皮失水(TEWL)与AD严重程度成比例显著增加，相关性显著(r = 0.834, p < 0.0001, n = 106);电容与AD严重程度成比例降低，相关性相对较低(r = -0.720, p < 0.0001, n = 106)。TEWL和电容值与AD严重程度的关系表明，这两个参数分布良好，与AD的严重程度相对应，TEWL升高比电容降低更能充分反映健康对照组与AD轻度组之间的差异。与干燥皮肤特性的比较表明，电容量值与干燥度(r = -0.752, p < 0.0001, n = 106)和结垢度(r = -0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106)高度相关，TEWL值也与干燥度(r = 0.788, p < 0.0001, n = 106)相关，且与电容量和结垢度(r = 0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106)相关系数更高。结论:我们的研究结果表明，非病变皮肤的屏障破坏很好地反映了AD的严重程度以及皮肤干燥的特性，为诊断和治疗期间的临床改善提供了有用的见解。
{"title":"Recharacterization of the Nonlesional Dry Skin in Atopic Dermatitis through Disrupted Barrier Function","authors":"Hayato Matsuki, K. Kiyokane, T. Matsuki, Sayuri Sato, G. Imokawa","doi":"10.1159/000091909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000091909","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The etiology of the nonlesional dry and barrier-disrupted skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is still unclear. Objective: To determine whether disrupted barrier function in the nonlesional skin is associated with inflammatory or postinflammatory events, which are relevant to the severity of AD or local dry skin properties, respectively. Methods: We evaluated the barrier function and the water content of nonlesional forearm skin and compared these with the severity of AD and the intensity of dryness/scaling/itchiness at the same skin sites. Results: The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) significantly increased in proportion to the severity of AD with a markedly high correlation coefficient (r = 0.834, p < 0.0001, n = 106), while the capacitance decreased in proportion to the severity of AD with a relatively lower correlation coefficient (r = –0.720, p < 0.0001, n = 106) compared with TEWL. Relationship between TEWL and capacitance values in association with the AD severity revealed that the two parameters are well distributed, corresponding to the severity of AD, and that the elevated TEWL more adequately reflects the difference between healthy control and the mild group of AD compared with the reduced capacitance. Comparison with dry skin properties revealed that while the capacitance values were highly correlated with dryness (r = –0.752, p < 0.0001, n = 106) and with scaling (r = –0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106), the TEWL was also related to dryness (r = 0.788, p < 0.0001, n = 106) with a higher correlation coefficient compared with capacitance and to scaling (r = 0.697, p < 0.0001, n = 106). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the barrier disruption in the nonlesional skin is well suited to reflect the severity of AD as well as the dry skin properties, providing a useful insight into understandings of diagnosis and clinical improvement during therapy.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80323081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fragrance material alpha-iso-methylionone, or ‘gamma-methylionone’, has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance, coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that alpha-iso-methylionone is a frequent inducer of low-intensity but sub-clinical, type IV allergy in members of the public. It remains to be seen however, how often such allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to alpha-iso-methylionone. Prospective screening patch test studies combined with appropriate follow-up to ascertain clinical relevance should clarify these issues.
{"title":"Is There Evidence That Alpha-Iso-Methylionone Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?","authors":"J. Hostynek,, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000087462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000087462","url":null,"abstract":"The fragrance material alpha-iso-methylionone, or ‘gamma-methylionone’, has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance, coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that alpha-iso-methylionone is a frequent inducer of low-intensity but sub-clinical, type IV allergy in members of the public. It remains to be seen however, how often such allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to alpha-iso-methylionone. Prospective screening patch test studies combined with appropriate follow-up to ascertain clinical relevance should clarify these issues.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UV light exposure has been incriminated for the steady rise in skin cancer incidence observed during the last years. However, individual responses to the oncogenic effects of UV light are greatly variable. Among the many factors modulating the response to UV light, genetic variations play a pivotal role. This review examines major progress in our understanding of major hereditary and nonhereditary genetic modifiers involved in the pathogenesis of UV-induced skin cancer.
{"title":"Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to UV Light-Associated Skin Cancer","authors":"E. Sprecher","doi":"10.1159/000091899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000091899","url":null,"abstract":"UV light exposure has been incriminated for the steady rise in skin cancer incidence observed during the last years. However, individual responses to the oncogenic effects of UV light are greatly variable. Among the many factors modulating the response to UV light, genetic variations play a pivotal role. This review examines major progress in our understanding of major hereditary and nonhereditary genetic modifiers involved in the pathogenesis of UV-induced skin cancer.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75654511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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