Anti-irritants, whether naturally occurring or man-made, are substances that provide a soothing effect to irritated skin and reduce damage by a variety of mechanisms, including reduced absorption and/or biochemical manipulation of noxious chemicals. These products show promise in reducing irritation caused by acute and chronic exposure to known irritant chemicals; however, the data on anti-irritants are incomplete. Controlled trials of the efficacy of proposed anti-irritants substances in reducing irritant contact dermatitis in human and animal models are reviewed. Based on our literature and hand search, anti-irritants seem promising in treating and preventing a variety of irritant contact dermatitis conditions, but their true effects remain sub judice. Many studies do not allow deduction of clinical effects. Further experimentation must be performed to assess sensitivity and specificity of each anti-irritant to their specific irritant-inducing substance.
{"title":"Anti-Irritants: Myth or Reality? An Overview","authors":"C. Ford, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000090352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000090352","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-irritants, whether naturally occurring or man-made, are substances that provide a soothing effect to irritated skin and reduce damage by a variety of mechanisms, including reduced absorption and/or biochemical manipulation of noxious chemicals. These products show promise in reducing irritation caused by acute and chronic exposure to known irritant chemicals; however, the data on anti-irritants are incomplete. Controlled trials of the efficacy of proposed anti-irritants substances in reducing irritant contact dermatitis in human and animal models are reviewed. Based on our literature and hand search, anti-irritants seem promising in treating and preventing a variety of irritant contact dermatitis conditions, but their true effects remain sub judice. Many studies do not allow deduction of clinical effects. Further experimentation must be performed to assess sensitivity and specificity of each anti-irritant to their specific irritant-inducing substance.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"27 1","pages":"154 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79168780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by variable clinical features. Several factors may exacerbate its manifestations, or even trigger the disease, such as traumatic injury to the skin, physical and psychological stress, cold weather, excessive alcohol intake, and drugs such as lithium and beta-blockers. We describe the most common features of psoriasis and the exogenous factors that may induce, trigger or exacerbate the disease.
{"title":"Exogenous Factors and Psoriasis","authors":"E. Dika, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000091900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000091900","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by variable clinical features. Several factors may exacerbate its manifestations, or even trigger the disease, such as traumatic injury to the skin, physical and psychological stress, cold weather, excessive alcohol intake, and drugs such as lithium and beta-blockers. We describe the most common features of psoriasis and the exogenous factors that may induce, trigger or exacerbate the disease.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"22 1","pages":"214 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78104122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a 4-step procedure which dermatologists working with textile dye patch-test-positive patients should use to assist those patients in identifying the textile items which are most likely to contain the dye to which they are allergic. Patients can use the information presented to determine which items they are considering for purchase to be the least likely to cause a recurrence of their dermatitis.
{"title":"Identifying the Source of Textile Dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis – A Guideline","authors":"K. Hatch, H. Motschi, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000078691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078691","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a 4-step procedure which dermatologists working with textile dye patch-test-positive patients should use to assist those patients in identifying the textile items which are most likely to contain the dye to which they are allergic. Patients can use the information presented to determine which items they are considering for purchase to be the least likely to cause a recurrence of their dermatitis.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"35 1","pages":"240 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89484880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Alcohol intake and smoking have been reported to be risk factors in some inflammatory skin disorders. There is a dearth of published data on the relation between smoking/alcohol intake and oral lichen planus. Moreover, the reports on the relationship of these habits with cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate smoking and alcohol as potential risk factors in CLP. Methods: We examined smoking habits and alcohol consumption in 55 patients with CLP, and compared the results with control subjects who had superficial fungal infections, matched for age and sex. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to the rate of patients that had ever smoked (combining both current and past smokers) and the rate of the patients who had never smoked (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found between CLP patients and controls with respect to current smokers and subjects who never smoked (p > 0.05). The most notable finding was that the rate of subjects who quitted smoking was significantly higher among CLP patients compared to controls (23.6 vs. 5.5%, p < 0.05). Regarding alcohol consumption, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that alcohol intake and smoking do not appear to be risk factors for CLP. The increased incidence of ex-smokers in patients with CLP was an unexpected and interesting finding. Further epidemiological studies and investigations are warranted to clear up this observation.
背景:据报道，饮酒和吸烟是一些炎症性皮肤病的危险因素。关于吸烟/饮酒与口腔扁平苔藓之间的关系，目前缺乏已发表的数据。此外，关于这些习惯与皮肤扁平苔藓(CLP)之间关系的报道还很缺乏。目的:本研究的目的是探讨吸烟和酒精作为CLP的潜在危险因素。方法:我们检查了55例CLP患者的吸烟习惯和饮酒情况，并将结果与年龄和性别相匹配的有浅表真菌感染的对照组进行了比较。结果:两组患者曾经吸烟的比例(包括现在和过去吸烟的比例)和从未吸烟的比例比较，差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。CLP患者与对照组相比，目前吸烟者和从不吸烟的受试者之间无显著差异(p > 0.05)。最显著的发现是CLP患者的戒烟率明显高于对照组(23.6 vs 5.5%， p < 0.05)。饮酒量方面，各组间差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。结论:我们得出结论，饮酒和吸烟似乎不是CLP的危险因素。CLP患者中戒烟者的发病率增加是一个意想不到且有趣的发现。需要进一步的流行病学研究和调查来澄清这一观察结果。
{"title":"Smoking Habits and Alcohol Consumption in Patients with Cutaneous Lichen planus","authors":"A. Mansur, Z. Kılıç","doi":"10.1159/000087463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000087463","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcohol intake and smoking have been reported to be risk factors in some inflammatory skin disorders. There is a dearth of published data on the relation between smoking/alcohol intake and oral lichen planus. Moreover, the reports on the relationship of these habits with cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate smoking and alcohol as potential risk factors in CLP. Methods: We examined smoking habits and alcohol consumption in 55 patients with CLP, and compared the results with control subjects who had superficial fungal infections, matched for age and sex. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to the rate of patients that had ever smoked (combining both current and past smokers) and the rate of the patients who had never smoked (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found between CLP patients and controls with respect to current smokers and subjects who never smoked (p > 0.05). The most notable finding was that the rate of subjects who quitted smoking was significantly higher among CLP patients compared to controls (23.6 vs. 5.5%, p < 0.05). Regarding alcohol consumption, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that alcohol intake and smoking do not appear to be risk factors for CLP. The increased incidence of ex-smokers in patients with CLP was an unexpected and interesting finding. Further epidemiological studies and investigations are warranted to clear up this observation.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"237 1","pages":"126 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89037740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UV light exposure has been incriminated for the steady rise in skin cancer incidence observed during the last years. However, individual responses to the oncogenic effects of UV light are greatly variable. Among the many factors modulating the response to UV light, genetic variations play a pivotal role. This review examines major progress in our understanding of major hereditary and nonhereditary genetic modifiers involved in the pathogenesis of UV-induced skin cancer.
{"title":"Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to UV Light-Associated Skin Cancer","authors":"E. Sprecher","doi":"10.1159/000091899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000091899","url":null,"abstract":"UV light exposure has been incriminated for the steady rise in skin cancer incidence observed during the last years. However, individual responses to the oncogenic effects of UV light are greatly variable. Among the many factors modulating the response to UV light, genetic variations play a pivotal role. This review examines major progress in our understanding of major hereditary and nonhereditary genetic modifiers involved in the pathogenesis of UV-induced skin cancer.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"29 1","pages":"207 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75654511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fragrance material anisyl alcohol has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that anisyl alcohol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. However, it remains to be seen how often such an allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to anisyl alcohol.
{"title":"Is There Evidence that Anisyl Alcohol Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis?","authors":"J. Hostynek,, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000078689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078689","url":null,"abstract":"The fragrance material anisyl alcohol has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of the generally weak sensitizing potential of this substance coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that anisyl alcohol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. However, it remains to be seen how often such an allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly ascribed in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to anisyl alcohol.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"1 1","pages":"230 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74632738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability of topically applied dosage forms to penetrate the skin depends on the interactions of the formulation ingredients with the intrinsic components of the skin. These interactions define the penetration route as well as the distribution of the drug in the skin tissue. The present study focused on monitoring components of externally applied formulations through the skin (ex vivo) via mid-infrared microspectroscopic techniques. Infrared microspectroscopy represents a new bioanalytical method, combining the powerfulness of chemical component analysis by means of infrared spectroscopy and using the high lateral resolution (∼20 µm) as obtained from microscopy. Two methods are applied for analysing tissues: the mapping and the imaging approach. A major breakthrough using infrared microspectroscopy in tissue diagnostics was the development and implementation of so-called focal plane array detectors. Using these detectors, sample areas of about 0.25–16 mm2 can be analyzed. The highest lateral resolution obtained by the transmission techniques approaches the mid-infrared diffraction limit of approximately 6 µm. Using mid-infrared microspectroscopic imaging, a large amount of biochemical information, at high lateral resolution, is generated, not yet available by other methods. Additional advantages are: it is a non-invasive, non-destructive approach, requiring no complex and time-consuming tissue staining procedures. In the present study, mid-infrared microspectroscopic mapping and imaging techniques in transmission are used for the biochemical characterisation of skin samples (e.g. lipid/protein distribution). This information provides new insight into the morphology of the tissue constitution. Additionally, examples are presented concerning the analysis of the distribution of topically applied drugs (e.g. UV B blocker or liposomes) through the skin. The potential as well as the limits of the methods for dermatological research are discussed.
{"title":"Monitoring the Penetration and Distribution of Topically Applied Formulations through the Skin in Relation to the Skin Protein/Lipid Morphological Characteristics","authors":"P. Garidel","doi":"10.1159/000088011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000088011","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of topically applied dosage forms to penetrate the skin depends on the interactions of the formulation ingredients with the intrinsic components of the skin. These interactions define the penetration route as well as the distribution of the drug in the skin tissue. The present study focused on monitoring components of externally applied formulations through the skin (ex vivo) via mid-infrared microspectroscopic techniques. Infrared microspectroscopy represents a new bioanalytical method, combining the powerfulness of chemical component analysis by means of infrared spectroscopy and using the high lateral resolution (∼20 µm) as obtained from microscopy. Two methods are applied for analysing tissues: the mapping and the imaging approach. A major breakthrough using infrared microspectroscopy in tissue diagnostics was the development and implementation of so-called focal plane array detectors. Using these detectors, sample areas of about 0.25–16 mm2 can be analyzed. The highest lateral resolution obtained by the transmission techniques approaches the mid-infrared diffraction limit of approximately 6 µm. Using mid-infrared microspectroscopic imaging, a large amount of biochemical information, at high lateral resolution, is generated, not yet available by other methods. Additional advantages are: it is a non-invasive, non-destructive approach, requiring no complex and time-consuming tissue staining procedures. In the present study, mid-infrared microspectroscopic mapping and imaging techniques in transmission are used for the biochemical characterisation of skin samples (e.g. lipid/protein distribution). This information provides new insight into the morphology of the tissue constitution. Additionally, examples are presented concerning the analysis of the distribution of topically applied drugs (e.g. UV B blocker or liposomes) through the skin. The potential as well as the limits of the methods for dermatological research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"109 1","pages":"131 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77645199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. el Euch, F. Zeglaoui, R. Benmously, H. Turki, M. Denguezli, J. Zili, S. Fenniche, R. Dhaoui, B. Zouari, A. Dhahri, M. Kamoun, A. Zahaf, R. Nouira, I. Mokhtar, N. Doss
Background: Several publications reported different causes of erythroderma. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of erythroderma and its aetiologies in Tunisian dermatology departments. Methods: This is a multicentric and retrospective study including all erythroderma patients in all Tunisian dermatology departments who consulted during a period of 5 years. Clinical and laboratory data were analysed. Results: Erythroderma was diagnosed in 127 patients; an incidence of 0.065% of patients is seen in dermatology consultations. In children (33 cases), the most frequent causes of erythroderma were ichthyosis (42.5%), seborrhoeic dermatitis (27.5%) and psoriasis (21%). In adults (94 cases), the main causes of erythroderma were psoriasis (41.5%), eczema (13%) and drug reactions (13%). Drug-related erythrodermas were specifically associated with fever and oedema (p = 0.0005) and eosinophilia (p = 0.01). Conclusion: No atopic erythroderma was observed, and eosinophilia was significantly associated with drug reactions.
{"title":"Erythroderma: A Clinical Study of 127 Cases and Review of the Literature","authors":"D. el Euch, F. Zeglaoui, R. Benmously, H. Turki, M. Denguezli, J. Zili, S. Fenniche, R. Dhaoui, B. Zouari, A. Dhahri, M. Kamoun, A. Zahaf, R. Nouira, I. Mokhtar, N. Doss","doi":"10.1159/000078690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078690","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several publications reported different causes of erythroderma. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of erythroderma and its aetiologies in Tunisian dermatology departments. Methods: This is a multicentric and retrospective study including all erythroderma patients in all Tunisian dermatology departments who consulted during a period of 5 years. Clinical and laboratory data were analysed. Results: Erythroderma was diagnosed in 127 patients; an incidence of 0.065% of patients is seen in dermatology consultations. In children (33 cases), the most frequent causes of erythroderma were ichthyosis (42.5%), seborrhoeic dermatitis (27.5%) and psoriasis (21%). In adults (94 cases), the main causes of erythroderma were psoriasis (41.5%), eczema (13%) and drug reactions (13%). Drug-related erythrodermas were specifically associated with fever and oedema (p = 0.0005) and eosinophilia (p = 0.01). Conclusion: No atopic erythroderma was observed, and eosinophilia was significantly associated with drug reactions.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"234 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84227690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Choi, H. Zhai, H. Löffler, F. Dreher, H. Maibach
The stratum corneum provides the first barrier to the percutaneous absorption of drugs as well as regulating water loss. This barrier limits the topical/transdermal delivery of drugs and biological macromolecules. Chemical and physical approaches have been examined to decrease these properties. Tape stripping is commonly used to disrupt the epidermal barrier, to enhance the delivery of drugs and to obtain information about stratum corneum function. Tape stripping results in the production and release of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules and increases the humoral and cellular immune responses against peptide, protein and DNA antigens by a topical vaccination in vivo. This paper reviews the stripping method, experimental factors and its applications for penetration and topical vaccination.
{"title":"Effect of Tape Stripping on Percutaneous Penetration and Topical Vaccination","authors":"M. Choi, H. Zhai, H. Löffler, F. Dreher, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1159/000078695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078695","url":null,"abstract":"The stratum corneum provides the first barrier to the percutaneous absorption of drugs as well as regulating water loss. This barrier limits the topical/transdermal delivery of drugs and biological macromolecules. Chemical and physical approaches have been examined to decrease these properties. Tape stripping is commonly used to disrupt the epidermal barrier, to enhance the delivery of drugs and to obtain information about stratum corneum function. Tape stripping results in the production and release of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules and increases the humoral and cellular immune responses against peptide, protein and DNA antigens by a topical vaccination in vivo. This paper reviews the stripping method, experimental factors and its applications for penetration and topical vaccination.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"262 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78764632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a superficial cutaneous infection caused by different species of bacteria. It is characterized by discrete crateriform and malodorous pits and erosions coalescing to form bizarre figures on the soles. Objective: To investigate the process of corneocyte shedding in PK. Method: Biopsies from typical lesions of 3 patients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Microorganisms were found both inter- and intracellularly in corneocytes and keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. Bacteria exhibited different morphologic aspects related to their localization in the epidermis. Keratohyalin granules were strikingly abnormal, showing sharp segregation between rounded dense areas and more electron-translucent areas. Some keratohyalin granules exhibited only alveolar dense areas. These altered keratohyalin granules were still present inside corneocytes. The corneodesmosomes at the bottom of the pits were in part cleaved leading to partial corneocyte dissociation. Conclusion: It is suggested that proteases secreted by the bacteria alter the structure of both the corneodesmosomes and the keratohyalin granules. The latter appeared more resistant to the normal processing of profilaggrin inside the corneocytes.
{"title":"Pitted Keratolysis: New Ultrastructural Insight in Keratohyalin Granule and Corneodesmosome Alterations","authors":"T. Hermanns‐Lê, Roy García, J. Arrese, G. Piérard","doi":"10.1159/000086942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000086942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pitted keratolysis (PK) is a superficial cutaneous infection caused by different species of bacteria. It is characterized by discrete crateriform and malodorous pits and erosions coalescing to form bizarre figures on the soles. Objective: To investigate the process of corneocyte shedding in PK. Method: Biopsies from typical lesions of 3 patients were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Microorganisms were found both inter- and intracellularly in corneocytes and keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. Bacteria exhibited different morphologic aspects related to their localization in the epidermis. Keratohyalin granules were strikingly abnormal, showing sharp segregation between rounded dense areas and more electron-translucent areas. Some keratohyalin granules exhibited only alveolar dense areas. These altered keratohyalin granules were still present inside corneocytes. The corneodesmosomes at the bottom of the pits were in part cleaved leading to partial corneocyte dissociation. Conclusion: It is suggested that proteases secreted by the bacteria alter the structure of both the corneodesmosomes and the keratohyalin granules. The latter appeared more resistant to the normal processing of profilaggrin inside the corneocytes.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":"3 1","pages":"107 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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