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Effect of Tape Stripping on Percutaneous Penetration and Topical Vaccination 胶带剥离对经皮渗透和局部接种的影响
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000078695
M. Choi, H. Zhai, H. Löffler, F. Dreher, H. Maibach
The stratum corneum provides the first barrier to the percutaneous absorption of drugs as well as regulating water loss. This barrier limits the topical/transdermal delivery of drugs and biological macromolecules. Chemical and physical approaches have been examined to decrease these properties. Tape stripping is commonly used to disrupt the epidermal barrier, to enhance the delivery of drugs and to obtain information about stratum corneum function. Tape stripping results in the production and release of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules and increases the humoral and cellular immune responses against peptide, protein and DNA antigens by a topical vaccination in vivo. This paper reviews the stripping method, experimental factors and its applications for penetration and topical vaccination.
角质层提供了药物经皮吸收的第一道屏障,并调节水分流失。这种屏障限制了药物和生物大分子的局部/透皮递送。已经研究了化学和物理方法来降低这些性质。胶带剥离通常用于破坏表皮屏障,增强药物的递送和获取角质层功能的信息。胶带剥离导致细胞因子和共刺激分子的产生和释放,并通过局部接种在体内增加针对肽、蛋白质和DNA抗原的体液和细胞免疫反应。本文综述了剥离法、实验因素及其在渗透接种和局部接种中的应用。
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引用次数: 23
Erythroderma: A Clinical Study of 127 Cases and Review of the Literature 红皮病127例临床分析及文献复习
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000078690
D. el Euch, F. Zeglaoui, R. Benmously, H. Turki, M. Denguezli, J. Zili, S. Fenniche, R. Dhaoui, B. Zouari, A. Dhahri, M. Kamoun, A. Zahaf, R. Nouira, I. Mokhtar, N. Doss
Background: Several publications reported different causes of erythroderma. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of erythroderma and its aetiologies in Tunisian dermatology departments. Methods: This is a multicentric and retrospective study including all erythroderma patients in all Tunisian dermatology departments who consulted during a period of 5 years. Clinical and laboratory data were analysed. Results: Erythroderma was diagnosed in 127 patients; an incidence of 0.065% of patients is seen in dermatology consultations. In children (33 cases), the most frequent causes of erythroderma were ichthyosis (42.5%), seborrhoeic dermatitis (27.5%) and psoriasis (21%). In adults (94 cases), the main causes of erythroderma were psoriasis (41.5%), eczema (13%) and drug reactions (13%). Drug-related erythrodermas were specifically associated with fever and oedema (p = 0.0005) and eosinophilia (p = 0.01). Conclusion: No atopic erythroderma was observed, and eosinophilia was significantly associated with drug reactions.
背景:一些出版物报道了红皮病的不同原因。目的:本研究的目的是确定突尼斯皮肤科红皮病的发病率及其病因。方法:这是一项多中心回顾性研究,包括突尼斯所有皮肤科在5年内咨询的所有红皮病患者。对临床和实验室资料进行分析。结果:127例患者诊断为红皮病;0.065%的患者就诊于皮肤科。在儿童(33例)中,红皮病最常见的病因是鱼鳞病(42.5%)、脂溢性皮炎(27.5%)和牛皮癣(21%)。成人94例中,红皮病的主要病因为牛皮癣(41.5%)、湿疹(13%)和药物反应(13%)。药物相关性红皮病与发热、水肿(p = 0.0005)和嗜酸性粒细胞增多(p = 0.01)相关。结论:未见特应性红皮病,嗜酸性粒细胞增多与药物反应显著相关。
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引用次数: 7
Contact Allergy in Agricultural Workers 农业工人的接触性过敏
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000078692
M. Kieć-Świerczyńska, B. Kręcisz, D. Świerczyńska-Machura
Agricultural workers (n = 121) referred to the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine for suspected occupational disease were subjected to dermatological and allergological examinations. All were patch and prick tested with standard occupational and environmental allergen sets. Contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 60 (49.6%) patients. In the women, the dominant allergy was that to nickel, benzalkonium, palladium, cobalt, thimerosal, fragrances and balsam of Peru, while the men were most frequently sensitive to chromates, cobalt, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrances, captan, formaldehyde, 4-aminoazobenzene, wool alcohols and cinnamic alcohol. Phenylmercuric chloride caused allergic reactions in 6 women and 2 men, while 6 workers were sensitive to neomycin. Allergy to glutaraldehyde was diagnosed in 3 workers, to lysol in 4, to chlorhexidine in 1, to chloramine in 1. Three patients reacted to thiurams, 3 to diphenylguanidine, 3 to mercaptobenzothiazole. Of the 9 workers sensitive to 4-phenylenediamine, only 2 men reacted additionally to N-isopropyl-N-4-phenylenediamine. Ziram (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate) and copper sulfate caused allergy in 1 agricultural worker each. Immediate allergy was diagnosed in 43 (35.5%) patients. The dominant allergens in that category included straw dust, hay dust, wheat threshing, rye pollen and cow epithelium. The final diagnosis was based on the clinical picture and the results of the patch and prick tests. Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 27 (22.3%), atopic dermatitis in 27, irritant contact dermatitis in 15 (12.4%) and urticaria in 9 (7.5%) agricultural workers. Other dermal diseases were diagnosed in single patients. The clinical examinations showed no dermal lesions in 31 (25.6%) patients.
向诺弗职业医学研究所提交疑似职业病的农业工人(n = 121)接受了皮肤病学和过敏症检查。所有人都用标准的职业和环境过敏原套装进行了斑贴和点刺试验。接触性皮炎60例(49.6%)。在女性中,主要的过敏是对镍、苯扎konium、钯、钴、硫柳汞、香料和秘鲁香脂,而男性最常见的过敏是对铬酸盐、钴、4-苯二胺、香料、船长、甲醛、4-氨基偶氮苯、羊毛醇和肉桂醇。苯氯化汞致过敏反应女性6例,男性2例,工人对新霉素敏感6例。对戊二醛过敏3例,对来醇过敏4例,对氯己定过敏1例,对氯胺过敏1例。3例患者对硫脲有反应,3例对二苯基胍有反应,3例对巯基苯并噻唑有反应。在9名对4-苯二胺敏感的工人中,只有2名工人对n -异丙基- n -4-苯二胺有额外反应。锆(二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌)和硫酸铜各致1例农业工人过敏。43例(35.5%)患者被诊断为立即过敏。这类过敏原主要包括草粉、干草粉、小麦脱粒、黑麦花粉和奶牛上皮。最终的诊断是基于临床表现和贴片和点刺试验的结果。变应性接触性皮炎27例(22.3%),特应性皮炎27例,刺激性接触性皮炎15例(12.4%),荨麻疹9例(7.5%)。其他皮肤疾病均在单个患者中诊断。31例(25.6%)患者临床检查未见皮肤病变。
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引用次数: 3
Reevaluation of the Importance of Barrier Dysfunction in the Nonlesional Dry Skin of Atopic Dermatitis Patients through the Use of Two Barrier Creams 通过使用两种屏障霜重新评价屏障功能障碍在特应性皮炎患者非病变性皮肤干燥中的重要性
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000091910
Hayato Matsuki, K. Kiyokane, T. Matsuki, Sayuri Sato, G. Imokawa
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) can be considered a barrier disease in which antigens and irritants that can easily penetrate clinically normal, nonlesional skin due to its defective barrier function trigger and worsen the dermatitis. Thus, replenishing the barrier function in clinically normal, nonlesional skin of patients with AD seems to be a key for preventing the refractory nature of the dermatitis. Objective: To determine whether the disrupted barrier function of AD nonlesional skin can be repaired by topical application of a synthetic ceramide known to induce barrier recovery and to subsequently evaluate the relationship between enhanced barrier function and improved dry skin conditions. Methods: We applied topically a synthetic ceramide (CER) or hirudoid (HIRU)-containing cream to the nonlesional skin of AD patients for 4 weeks and evaluated their efficacy by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance values as well as clinical scoring for scaling/dryness/itchiness. Results: Treatment for 4 weeks with the CER cream significantly reduced dryness/scaling/itchiness which was accompanied by significant decreases in TEWL and increases in capacitance values at 2 and 4 weeks. In contrast, treatment for 4 weeks with the HIRU cream elicited a similar but lesser reduction in dryness/scaling/itchiness which was accompanied by significant but lesser decreases and increases in TEWL and capacitance values, respectively, at 2 and 4 weeks. Comparison of TEWL and capacitance values during the 4 weeks of treatment with CER or HIRU creams revealed that while the two parameters of CER cream-treated skin were generally similar to healthy control skin, those of the HIRU cream-treated skin remained similar to mild or moderate AD skin. Conclusion: It is likely that the recovery of barrier function reflects the improvement in clinically evaluated dry skin conditions of the nonlesional skin to a greater extent than that in water deficiency, which suggests that the barrier-replenishing effect is a more important factor for treatment of AD nonlesional skin than is the improvement of water deficiency.
背景:特应性皮炎(AD)被认为是一种屏障性疾病,由于屏障功能缺陷,抗原和刺激物很容易穿透临床正常、非病变的皮肤,从而引发皮炎并使其恶化。因此,补充AD患者临床正常、非病变皮肤的屏障功能似乎是预防难治性皮炎的关键。目的:确定局部应用一种已知可诱导屏障恢复的合成神经酰胺是否可以修复AD非病变皮肤的屏障功能受损,并随后评估屏障功能增强与改善皮肤干燥状况之间的关系。方法:我们将含有合成神经酰胺(CER)或喜疗妥(HIRU)的乳膏局部涂抹在AD患者的非病变皮肤上4周,并通过测量经皮失水(TEWL)和电容值以及结垢/干燥/瘙痒的临床评分来评估其疗效。结果:使用CER霜治疗4周后,干燥/结垢/瘙痒明显减轻,TEWL显著降低,2周和4周时电容值显著增加。相比之下,在第2周和第4周,使用HIRU乳膏治疗4周,在干燥/结垢/瘙痒方面产生了类似但较少的减少,同时TEWL和电容值分别有显著但较少的减少和增加。在使用CER或HIRU乳膏治疗4周期间,TEWL和电容值的比较显示,CER乳膏治疗的皮肤的这两个参数与健康对照皮肤大致相似,而HIRU乳膏治疗的皮肤的这两个参数与轻度或中度AD皮肤相似。结论:屏障功能的恢复很可能在更大程度上反映了临床评价的非病变性皮肤干燥状况的改善,而非缺水状况的改善,这表明屏障补充效果是治疗AD非病变性皮肤更重要的因素,而不是缺水的改善。
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引用次数: 20
Mosquito Bite Therapy: Evidenced-Based 蚊子叮咬疗法:基于证据
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000093650
B. Modjtahedi, S. Modjtahedi, A. Mansury, H. Maibach
Mosquito bites in humans are characterized by an immediate wheal-and-flare type I hypersensitivity response, followed by a delayed type IV papular reaction approximately 24 h later. An intense pruritic reaction may accompany all phases of the bite. Prophylactically administered oral second-generation antihistamines inhibit the immediate histamine induced wheal-and-flare in skin, and some studies show that they are also useful in alleviating delayed bite symptoms. Topical antihistamines have not been documented to be useful in treatment; however, topical ammonium solution and other common allergic reaction remedies are promising as after-bite treatments. This review assesses the current evidence analyzing the efficacy of prophylactic, oral, second-generation antihistamines as well as topical therapies for mosquito bites.
人类蚊虫叮咬的特点是立即出现轮状和斑状I型超敏反应,随后约24小时后出现延迟的IV型丘疹反应。强烈的瘙痒反应可能伴随叮咬的所有阶段。预防性口服第二代抗组胺药可抑制组胺直接引起的皮肤起皱,一些研究表明它们也可用于缓解延迟性咬伤症状。局部抗组胺药尚未被证明对治疗有用;然而,局部铵溶液和其他常见的过敏反应补救措施是有希望的咬后治疗。本综述评估了目前的证据,分析了预防性、口服、第二代抗组胺药以及局部治疗蚊虫叮咬的疗效。
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引用次数: 2
Palladium Patch Reactivity 钯贴片反应性
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000078697
J. Fowler, J. Hayden
A retrospective review of all patch tests performed at 1 center during the year 2000 was undertaken. All patients with positive patch tests to palladium were selected. Of these, the presence of a positive patch test to nickel or gold was also noted. Putative clinical relevance of a positive test was not analyzed. All patients were tested with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Standard Screening Series (see Appendix), which included nickel sulfate (2.5% pet.) and gold sodium thiosulfate (0.5% pet.). In addition, they were tested to palladium chloride (1% pet.). All allergens were supplied by Chemotechnique, Malmo, Sweden. Tests were applied on Finn Chambers on Scanpor tape (Allerderm, Inc., Petaluma, Calif., USA). Patches were applied for approximately 48 h, with the final reading about 48 h after patch removal.
对2000年期间在一个中心进行的所有斑贴试验进行了回顾性审查。所有对钯贴片试验阳性的患者均被选中。其中,还注意到对镍或金的贴片试验呈阳性。未分析阳性试验的假定临床相关性。所有患者均采用北美接触性皮炎组标准筛选系列(见附录)进行测试,其中包括硫酸镍(2.5% pet)和硫代硫酸金钠(0.5% pet)。此外,还对氯化钯(1% pet)进行了测试。所有过敏原均由瑞典马尔默Chemotechnique公司提供。Finn Chambers在Scanpor胶带上进行了测试(Allerderm, Inc., Petaluma, california, USA)。贴片应用约48小时,最终读数约48小时后贴片去除。
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引用次数: 5
Damage to Human Hair Caused by Repeated Bleaching Combined with Daily Weathering during Daily Life Activities 在日常生活活动中,反复漂白和日常风化对头发的损害
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000091908
Yoshinori Masukawa, Hisashi Tsujimura, Hiroto Tanamachi, Hirofumi Narita, G. Imokawa
Background: Although it is well known that chemical oxidation with alkaline hydrogen peroxide damages human hair, little is known about the effects of bleaching during daily life activities which may alter hair components. Objective: To determine the effects of bleaching combined with daily weathering on lipids and amino acids in hair. Methods: Levels of lipids and amino acids were analyzed by chromatography in scalp hair fibers collected from three different females and in experimentally treated hair. Results: Bleaching combined with daily weathering induced the loss of 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA) and the conversion of half-cystine (H-CYS) to cysteic acid (CYS-A), which were the most remarkable changes among all lipids and amino acids tested. Although a single bleaching had no effect, repeated bleaching combined with daily weathering elicited significant decreases in other intrinsic endogenous lipids and alterations in amino acids that are characteristic for the cuticle. Conclusion: Hair damage, eventually leading to the worst damage such as splitting, is caused by bleaching during daily life activities and is mainly attributable to the loss of 18-MEA as well as the conversion of H-CYS to CYS-A.
背景:虽然众所周知,碱性过氧化氢的化学氧化会损害人类的头发,但人们对日常生活中漂白可能改变头发成分的影响知之甚少。目的:探讨漂白联合日常风化对头发脂质和氨基酸的影响。方法:采用层析法分析了三种不同女性头皮发纤维和经实验处理的头发的脂质和氨基酸水平。结果:漂白联合日常风化导致了18-甲基雷糖酸(18-MEA)的损失和半胱氨酸(H-CYS)向半胱氨酸(CYS-A)的转化,这是所有脂类和氨基酸中变化最显著的。虽然单次漂白没有效果,但反复漂白结合日常风化会引起角质层特征的其他内源性脂质的显著减少和氨基酸的改变。结论:头发损伤是日常生活活动中漂白造成的,最终导致分裂等最严重的损伤,其主要原因是18-MEA的丢失以及H-CYS向CYS-A的转化。
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引用次数: 19
Sensitization Potential of Citronellol 香茅醇的致敏电位
Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000092445
J. Hostynek,, H. Maibach
The fragrance material citronellol has been cited as a moderately frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis. A review of the literature shows that when the underlying clinical and experimental data are analyzed, a clear cause-effect relationship has infrequently or rarely been established. On the basis of its generally weak sensitizing potential in animals and human volunteers, coupled with its generally low exposure conditions, the prevalence of clinical cases would not be expected to be particularly high. This is not to say that citronellol is a frequent inducer of type IV allergy in members of the public. It remains to be seen, however, how often such allergy, once established, is responsible for any of the cases of allergic contact dermatitis commonly described in the literature. Indeed, in some cases, patch test conditions may not be optimal for differentiating between clinically relevant and irrelevant allergy to citronellol. Clarification of patch-test-related clinical relevance may be obtained utilizing retesting, dilution series and use tests.
香精物质香茅醇被认为是引起过敏性接触性皮炎的常见原因。对文献的回顾表明,当分析潜在的临床和实验数据时,很少或很少建立明确的因果关系。鉴于其在动物和人类志愿者中普遍较弱的致敏潜力,再加上其普遍较低的接触条件,预计临床病例的发生率不会特别高。这并不是说香茅醛是公众中常见的IV型过敏的诱因。然而,这种过敏一旦确定,在文献中通常描述的过敏性接触性皮炎病例中,有多少次是由这种过敏引起的,还有待观察。事实上,在某些情况下,斑贴试验条件可能不是区分临床相关和不相关的香茅耐尔过敏的最佳条件。可以通过重新测试、稀释系列和使用试验来澄清与贴片测试相关的临床相关性。
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引用次数: 7
Textile-Dye and Colored-Textile Allergic Contact Dermatitis 纺织染料和有色纺织品过敏性接触性皮炎
Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1159/000076803
K. Hatch, H. Motschi, H. Maibach
This paper provides results of a study that focused on establishing that patients had ‘colored clothing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)’ by finding those dyes each patient was patch-test-positive to in that patient’s suspected colored textile. It advocates the use of the term ‘textile-dye ACD’ to name cases of ACD in which the patient’s skin eruption is due to direct contact with dye molecules and the use of the term ‘colored-textile ACD’ to name cases in which the patient’s skin eruption was due to transfer of dye from a textile to the skin.
本文提供了一项研究的结果,该研究的重点是通过在每位患者的可疑有色纺织品中发现每位患者对这些染料的斑贴试验呈阳性,从而确定患者患有“有色服装过敏性接触性皮炎(ACD)”。它提倡使用术语“纺织染料ACD”来命名由于直接接触染料分子而导致患者皮肤爆发的ACD病例,并使用术语“有色纺织品ACD”来命名由于染料从纺织品转移到皮肤而导致患者皮肤爆发的病例。
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引用次数: 11
Methyldibromoglutaronitrile: An Increasingly Important Allergen in the UK 甲基二溴戊二腈:在英国越来越重要的过敏原
Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1159/000076799
D. Ramlogan, D. Basketter, M. Beck
Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) was introduced to the European market in 1985, as a preservative for cosmetics, toiletries and industrial products. Since its introduction 17 years ago, studies both in Europe and North America have highlighted it as an increasing new allergen especially in cosmetics. In industry, as MDBGN supersedes isothiazolinones in a wide range of products, its emergence as an important allergen in occupational contact dermatitis becomes more apparent. Dermatologists in the UK need to be aware of this rising new allergen and that the dermatitis can affect not only the head and neck region but also the perianal skin or hands when due to cosmetics, toiletries or industrial products, respectively.
甲基二溴戊二腈(MDBGN)于1985年被引入欧洲市场,作为化妆品、洗漱用品和工业产品的防腐剂。自17年前引入以来,欧洲和北美的研究都强调它是一种越来越多的新过敏原,尤其是在化妆品中。在工业上,随着MDBGN在广泛的产品中取代异噻唑啉酮,其作为职业性接触性皮炎的重要过敏原的出现变得更加明显。英国的皮肤科医生需要意识到这种不断上升的新过敏原,皮炎不仅会影响头颈部,还会影响肛周皮肤或手部,这分别是由化妆品、洗洗用品或工业产品引起的。
{"title":"Methyldibromoglutaronitrile: An Increasingly Important Allergen in the UK","authors":"D. Ramlogan, D. Basketter, M. Beck","doi":"10.1159/000076799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000076799","url":null,"abstract":"Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) was introduced to the European market in 1985, as a preservative for cosmetics, toiletries and industrial products. Since its introduction 17 years ago, studies both in Europe and North America have highlighted it as an increasing new allergen especially in cosmetics. In industry, as MDBGN supersedes isothiazolinones in a wide range of products, its emergence as an important allergen in occupational contact dermatitis becomes more apparent. Dermatologists in the UK need to be aware of this rising new allergen and that the dermatitis can affect not only the head and neck region but also the perianal skin or hands when due to cosmetics, toiletries or industrial products, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12086,"journal":{"name":"Exogenous Dermatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83807957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Exogenous Dermatology
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